Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Soy Protein–Rich Meals on Muscle Health of Older Adults Are Linked to Gut Microbiome Modifications","authors":"Xiaorong Wu, Kevin Junliang Lim, Yiwei Ma, Jie Gu, Yuanrong Jiang, Liying Zhu, Yanqiu Chen, Jianqing Sun","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is characterized by accelerated muscle mass and function loss in older adults. The role of nutritional interventions in sarcopenia is uncertain. This study investigates whether a soy protein–rich diet can enhance muscle health in older adults via gut microbiota changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted with 84 older adults from a long-term care facility. Participants in the intervention group consumed three daily meals containing 10 g of soy protein (totalling 30 g/day), while the control group maintained their usual diets. Faecal samples from 53 participants were collected at Weeks 0, 6 and 12. We assessed changes in muscle function, gut microbiota composition and faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intervention group showed preserved calf circumference, while the control group experienced a decrease (W12-W0: Intervention, 0.56 ± 0.22 cm; Control, −0.91 ± 0.26 cm, <i>p</i><sub>(interaction)</sub> < 0.001). Metagenomic analysis revealed significant alterations in gut microbiota among intervention participants who showed improvement in muscle performance parameters. The intervention increased SCFA-producing bacteria (<i>Roseburia faecis</i>, Intervention: 0.42 ± 0.21%, Control: −0.06 ± 0.16, <i>p</i><sub>(interaction)</sub> < 0.05; <i>Agathobaculum butyriciproducens</i>, Intervention: 0.02 ± 0.007%, <i>p</i><sub>(time)</sub> < 0.01, Control: −0.04 ± 0.01) and decreased species associated with poorer muscle outcomes (<i>Alistipes putredinis</i>, Intervention: −0.88 ± 0.40%, Control: 0.62 ± 0.63, <i>p</i><sub>(interaction)</sub> < 0.05; <i>Eubacterium_sp_CAG_38</i>, Intervention: −0.64 ± 0.28%, Control: 0.10 ± 0.22, <i>p</i><sub>(interaction)</sub> < 0.05). Functional pathway analysis showed enrichment of anaerobic amino acid degradation pathways and vitamin biosynthesis, with depletion of inflammatory pathways, particularly lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Microbiome phenotype prediction revealed a decrease in aerobic bacteria abundance in the intervention group (W12-W0, Intervention: −0.004 ± 0.002; Control: 0.001 ± 0.001, <i>p</i><sub>(interaction)</sub> < 0.05). Interaction (group × time) for SCFA was not statistically significant; within-group increases at Week 6 were observed in only the intervention group (butyric acid, Intervention: 0.74 ± 0.34 mg/g, <i>p</i><sub>(time)</sub> < 0.05, Control: 0.12 ± 0.43 mg/g; isobutyric acid, Intervention: 0.14 ± 0.08 mg/g, <i>p</i><sub>(time)</sub> < 0.05, Control: 0.08 ± 0.10 mg/g; isovaleric acid, Intervention: 0.27 ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on ‘Muscle-Specific Strength Better Predicts Physical Performance Decline Than Conventional Metrics: The I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study’ by Chien et al.","authors":"Ricardo M. Lima, Anthony J. Blazevich","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We read with great interest the article by Chien et al. [<span>1</span>]. The authors are to be congratulated for elegantly addressing the association between muscle-specific strength (MSS) and physical performance decline in community-dwelling older adults. Their salient finding—that low MSS, assessed by handgrip strength (HGS) normalized to the lean mass of the dominant hand, independently predicts deterioration of physical performance and associates with adverse metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers—adds important evidence to the field and suggests that MSS may provide a more meaningful indicator of muscle health than conventional measures, including absolute HGS. The relevance of exploring MSS is underscored by the fact that the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) [<span>2</span>] has incorporated muscle quality as a diagnostic component, often operationalized as the ratio of strength to muscle volume, and that this concept has been recently endorsed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Sarcopenia (GLIS) [<span>3</span>].</p><p>A particularly intriguing observation in Chien et al. [<span>1</span>] was that participants classified as having low MSS paradoxically exhibited a greater skeletal muscle index (7.7 vs. 7.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). This finding appears counterintuitive when considered against the traditional sarcopenia concept, which links lower muscle mass with poorer outcomes. Despite this greater muscularity, these individuals demonstrated significantly lower HGS (26.1 vs. 32.0 kg). This unexpected pattern prompted us to explore potential factors underlying these discrepancies, leading to a more detailed examination of the data. Upon closer examination, we noted that, although no age differences were observed between the low- and high-MSS groups, individuals with low MSS had a substantially higher BMI (26.4 vs. 23.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). This suggests that, beyond greater muscle mass, these individuals likely carried more adiposity. Consequently, their apparently higher muscle reserves were likely insufficient relative to body size and functional demands. Moreover, increased body mass—particularly excess fat—is well established as being linked to adverse metabolic and inflammatory profiles, which could partly explain the article's finding that low MSS was associated with unfavourable outcomes. Analogous to MSS calculation, HGS normalized to body mass (rHGS) also shows a negative association with body mass, BMI and waist circumference. In fact, prior studies indicate that rHGS correlates more strongly with cardiometabolic risk than absolute HGS [<span>4</span>], and subsequent investigations have reported that lower rHGS—but not absolute HGS—is associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome [<span>5</span>]. Together, these patterns suggest that the low-MSS group may reflect a phenotype of sarcopenic obesity rather than sarcopenia per se. Clarifying these relationships—especially given that BIA-deriv","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibre Type–Specific Proteomics Reveals Shared and Distinct Skeletal Muscle Adaptations to Resistance Training and Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist","authors":"Søren Jessen, Andrea Di Credico, Roger Moreno-Justicia, Lukas Moesgaard, Anders Lemminger, Ben Stocks, Angela Di Baldassarre, Jens Bangsbo, Atul S. Deshmukh, Morten Hostrup","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skeletal muscle is essential for metabolic health and physical function. While resistance training promotes muscle hypertrophy, alternative therapeutic strategies are needed for individuals unable to engage in physical activity. Because beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation induces muscle growth without mechanical load, we assessed muscle fibre type–specific proteomic adaptations to prolonged beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation and resistance training to decipher shared and distinct remodelling patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected vastus lateralis biopsies from 21 moderately trained young males (mean ± SD, age: 24 ± 3) before and after 4-week whole-body resistance training (three sessions/week) or daily inhalation of beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonist terbutaline (4 mg/day). From each biopsy, we isolated 40 muscle fibres and typified them using myosin-heavy-chain markers. Fibre pools were analysed using LC–MS/MS-based proteomics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation and resistance training both increased peak-power output during bike-ergometer sprinting (+36 W; 95% CI: 11 to 61, <i>p</i> = 0.007 and +27 W; 95% CI: −1 to 56, <i>p</i> = 0.062, respectively) with no between-treatments differences (treatment × time interaction: <i>p</i> = 0.644). Beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation regulated 15 and 23 proteins in Type I and Type II fibres, respectively, compared to 101 and 65 with resistance training. There was a remarkable fibre type–dependent response, with ~7% of regulated proteins shared between Type I and Type II fibres with resistance training and ~3% with beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation. Both interventions increased abundance of ribosomal proteins, in which resistance training induced a 25% increase in Type I fibres (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but only 3% in Type II (<i>p</i> = 0.374), while beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation increased ribosomal proteins in both fibre types (Type I: 6% increase, <i>p</i> = 0.008; Type II: 9% increase, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Mitochondrial electron-transport-chain protein abundances decreased with both interventions: resistance training reduced abundances mainly in Type I fibres (17% decrease, <i>p</i> < 0.001; Type II: 5% decrease, <i>p</i> = 0.147), while beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation caused uniform decreases (Type I: 7% decrease, <i>p</i> = 0.018; Type II: 9% decrease, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Resistance training uniquely increased contractile, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, which was not mimicked by beta<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic stimulation. S100A13 was","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calprotectin Is a Circulating Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Sarcopenia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"Liwei Liao, Jiaye Li, Weidong Xu, Yan Yin, Zilin Wang, Chang Li, Yanxia Li, Xiaoming Zhou, Mingming Deng, Gang Hou","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, an important complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is significantly associated with increased mortality. Systemic inflammation is an important trigger of COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction. Calprotectin is a damage-associated molecular pattern involved in the inflammatory response, but its exact role and mode of action in COPD-related skeletal muscle dysfunction remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether calprotectin is involved in COPD-related sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, 235 patients with stable COPD were divided into the development (<i>n</i> = 117) and validation (<i>n</i> = 118) groups, and serum calprotectin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Paquinimod, an oral calprotectin-specific inhibitor, was used to investigate the involvement of calprotectin in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction in vivo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Handgrip strength and quadriceps muscle strength, essential indicators of muscle strength, were negatively correlated with serum calprotectin levels (<i>r</i> = −0.367, <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = −0.409, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The 5-time sit-to-stand test results, which reflect endurance and physical strength, were positively correlated with serum calprotectin levels (<i>r</i> = 0.290, <i>p</i> = 0.006). Ultrasound measurement of the rectus femoris muscle revealed negative correlations of serum calprotectin levels with both muscle thickness (<i>r</i> = −0.448, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and cross-sectional area (<i>r</i> = −0.495, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, serum calprotectin levels were significantly greater in patients with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia (90.09 ± 25.72 ng/mL vs. 59.56 ± 23.22 ng/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Importantly, serum calprotectin levels could effectively predict sarcopenia in COPD patients in the development set (AUC = 0.811) and validation set (AUC = 0.805). In C57BL/6 mice with CS-induced muscle dysfunction, paquinimod (10 mg/kg/day) reduced CS-induced muscle mass loss (skeletal muscle weight 1.15% ± 0.09% vs. 1.33% ± 0.09%; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and increased the muscle cross-sectional area (1375 ± 536.9 μm<sup>2</sup> vs. 2094 ± 470.2 μm<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Paquinimod also reduced CS-induced muscle weakness, as indicated by increased grip strength (214.9 ± 31.38 g vs. 333.1 ± 34.93 g; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Paquinimod inhibited ubiquitin–proteasome system activity, reduced protein degradation marker levels, attenuated oxidative stress and increased anti","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative MRI Findings and Their Relationship to Muscle Histopathology and Ambulatory Clinical Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","authors":"Yanyu Lu,&nbsp;Liang Yin,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Qingyue Yuan,&nbsp;Zhihao Xie,&nbsp;Jianan Liao,&nbsp;Siwei Chen,&nbsp;Qiang Gang,&nbsp;Yawen Zhao,&nbsp;Lingchao Meng,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Jiangxi Xiao,&nbsp;Zhaoxia Wang,&nbsp;Yun Yuan,&nbsp;Zhiying Xie","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation (IDEAL-IQ), a quantitative 6-point Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, has been increasingly used for quantifying muscle fat fraction (FF) in neuromuscular disorders. However, its utility for correlating FF with disease severity and mapping spatiotemporal disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) requires further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 10 patients with dystrophinopathies (seven DMD and three BMD) we correlated the muscle FF with the histopathological fatty infiltration. IDEAL-IQ MRI images of 19 individual lower limb muscles were acquired from 133 DMD patients and 41 healthy controls. Ambulatory function tests, including three timed function tests (TFTs) and North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA), were performed. We investigated the spatial distribution of fatty infiltration across five axial MRI slices. Disease progression patterns were analysed using a piecewise linear model and a normal cumulative distribution function model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant positive correlation between muscle FF on MRI and histopathologic fatty infiltration was observed (ρ = 0.98, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). A mild to moderate correlation was noted for the FF of 19 individual muscles, excluding the sartorius and gracilis muscles, with TFTs (ρ = 0.27–0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and NSAA (ρ = −0.32–−0.73, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). All the eight individual muscles, except the tibialis posterior muscle, showed an inhomogeneous fatty infiltration pattern with higher FF in muscle ends compared to bellies. Thigh muscle FF aligned well with both piecewise linear and sigmoidal models, showing non-linear increases with disease duration. The piecewise linear model identified an average inflection point for thigh muscle FF at 7.3 (range, 5.2–7.6) years, with average annual FF increase of 1.7% before and 6.7% after the point in DMD. The average μ of DMD patients for thigh muscles was 11.4 years (±2.8), occurring 7.6 years earlier compared to BMD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study demonstrates a significant relationship between muscle FF on IDEAL-IQ MRI and histopathologic muscle fatty infiltration, as well as ambulatory clinical function in DMD. DMD patients exhibit a distinct and inhomogeneous fat infiltration pattern of lower limb muscles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood-Based Lead Biomarkers and Sarcopenia Indicators in Older Adults","authors":"Aida Koni,&nbsp;Alvaro Santos-Cuerva,&nbsp;Mercedes Sotos-Prieto,&nbsp;Rosario Ortolá,&nbsp;Pablo Olmedo,&nbsp;Javier García-Pérez,&nbsp;Rebeca Ramis,&nbsp;Adrián Carballo-Casla,&nbsp;Fernando Gil,&nbsp;Javier González-Palacios,&nbsp;Roberto Pastor-Barriuso,&nbsp;Ana Navas-Acién,&nbsp;Elena Plans-Beriso,&nbsp;Pablo Fernández-Navarro,&nbsp;Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo,&nbsp;Esther García-Esquinas","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70179","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic exposure to low levels of lead (Pb) remains a widespread public health issue, especially among older adults. While its neurotoxic and cardiovascular effects are well recognized, its potential role in accelerating age-related musculoskeletal decline is less understood. Emerging evidence suggests Pb may contribute to sarcopenia, but epidemiological data, especially regarding the most informative biomarkers of exposure, are limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from 11 842 participants aged ≥ 60 years across four population-based studies (NHANES III, NHANES 1999–2006, NHANES 2011–2012 and Seniors-ENRICA-2). Sarcopenia indicators included muscle strength (grip strength and chair stand test), muscle mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, calf circumference and arm circumference) and muscle function (gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery scores). Sarcopenia was defined in the Seniors-ENRICA-2 using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 criteria. Associations between Pb exposure (serum and whole blood) and sarcopenia indicators were estimated using multivariable regression and meta-analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pb levels were associated with residential environmental exposures such as traffic proximity, industrial emissions and soil contamination, explaining approximately 11% of variability in whole blood Pb and 9% in serum Pb. Both whole blood and serum Pb showed dose-dependent inverse associations with muscle sarcopenia indicators, including measures of strength, mass and function. Associations with lower limb outcomes were generally stronger for serum Pb compared with whole blood Pb. An interquartile range increase in serum Pb was associated with a 1.33-fold increase in the odds of confirmed or severe sarcopenia (95% CI: 1.02, 1.70), compared with a 1.20-fold increase for whole blood Pb (95% CI: 1.06, 1.36).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental Pb exposure is associated with detrimental effects on musculoskeletal health and contributes to sarcopenia in older adults. Serum Pb may be a more sensitive biomarker of musculoskeletal aging than whole blood Pb and should be considered in future research and surveillance strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Sarcopenia: Prevalence and the Risk for Mortality and Healthy Aging in the KORA-Age Study","authors":"Marie-Theres Huemer,&nbsp;Barbara Thorand,&nbsp;Eva Grill,&nbsp;Lars Schwettmann,&nbsp;Annette Peters","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70201","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70201","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Cognitive sarcopenia, defined by this study as the co-existence of sarcopenia and cognitive impairment, has been frequently reported in older adults, while we hypothesize that the co-existence increases the risk for adverse outcomes in the older general population.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study included 1055 participants aged 65–93 years from the population-based cohort Cooperative Health Research in the Region Augsburg (KORA)-Age (2008/9). At baseline, probable sarcopenia (i.e., low grip strength) and confirmed sarcopenia (i.e., probable sarcopenia plus low muscle mass) were defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2018 consensus. Cognitive impairment was derived from the modified telephone interview for cognitive status or a proxy interview with relatives/caregivers when participants had severe physical/mental impairment. Cognitive probable sarcopenia was defined as having both probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment; cognitive confirmed sarcopenia as both confirmed sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. Isolated probable sarcopenia and isolated cognitive impairment refer to individuals with only one of the diseases. Mortality was assessed using death certificates over 12 years (553 deaths [52.4%]). Adverse outcomes were assessed in 2012 and 2016 during telephone interviews. Covariate-adjusted logistic and Cox regression models estimated the associations with adverse outcomes and mortality, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Almost 50% of older adults with probable sarcopenia had cognitive impairment, whereas among older adults without probable sarcopenia, only 20% had cognitive impairment. A total of 8.1% of the study population had cognitive probable sarcopenia, while 3.3% had cognitive confirmed sarcopenia. Muscle mass was not [OR (95% CI): 0.92 (0.70–1.20)], while grip strength [0.73 (0.57–0.94)], gait speed [0.66 (0.54–0.80)], and Timed Up and Go time [1.51 (1.27–1.82)] were associated with cognitive impairment. Participants with cognitive probable sarcopenia had an increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI): 1.95 (1.41–2.70)], cardiovascular disease mortality [1.64 (1.02–2.64)], and coronary heart disease mortality [2.10 (1.03–4.27)] after 12 years, and activities of daily living disability [OR (95% CI): 6.12 (2.33–16.06)] and requiring nursing care after 3 years [4.77 (1.47–14.63)]. Individuals with isolated probable sarcopenia or isolated cognitive impairment had either lower or no risk for those outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Pragmatic Are Sarcopenia Intervention Studies? A Systematic Review","authors":"Sophie Van Heden,&nbsp;Zoubayda Baoubbou,&nbsp;Dolores Sanchez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Yoke Mun Chan,&nbsp;Charlotte Beaudart","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70181","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disease often accompanied by comorbidities, mobility issues and cognitive decline, which can limit treatment adherence in older adults. Owing to the reversible nature of sarcopenia, there has been a growing number of randomized controlled trials conducted in recent years. Yet, many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conducted under ideal conditions (explanatory trials), limiting their real-world applicability. In contrast, pragmatic trials aim to better reflect the complexities of clinical practice.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study is aimed at assessing the level of pragmatism in current sarcopenia RCTs and identifying design gaps to further improve the clinical relevance and feasibility of future trials in the real world.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A systematic review was conducted on MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (PRISMA guidelines; PROSPERO: CRD42024571027). Eligible studies included RCTs on sarcopenia treatment using a consensus definition and published until March 2024. The PRECIS-2 tool was used to assess the level of pragmatism of these RCTs across nine standard domains (eligibility, recruitment, setting, organization, flexibility of delivery, flexibility of adherence, follow-up, primary outcome and primary analysis), with an additional ‘control’ domain. The total PRECIS-2 score was calculated, and subgroup analyses were conducted by intervention type, geographical location, sample size, study duration and sarcopenia definition. A higher PRECIS-2 score indicates greater trial pragmatism. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Of the 3985 references reviewed, 54 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The mean PRECIS-2 score across its 10 domains was 2.93 (SD 1.30), reflecting a balance of explanatory and pragmatic characteristics. Organization, recruitment and primary outcome were identified as the most pragmatic domains, whereas eligibility, adherence and follow-up were the most explanatory. Subgroup analyses revealed that geographical location and sarcopenia definitions impacted significantly the overall PRECIS-2 score. More precisely, studies conducted in Asia achieved higher pragmatism scores, with significant differences in setting (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.029), follow-up (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014) and control (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.042) domains. Studies using Asian sarcopenia criteria (e.g., AWGS) were also more pragmatic","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omics Revealed the Effects of Intrauterine Hyperglycemia Exposure on the Development of Skeletal Muscle in Offspring","authors":"Rui Liu,&nbsp;Junsen She,&nbsp;Xinyuan Li,&nbsp;Yishang Yan,&nbsp;Jiaying Mo,&nbsp;Jianzhong Sheng,&nbsp;Hongbo Yang,&nbsp;Hefeng Huang","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70177","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy complication characterized by maternal hyperglycemia, negatively impacts offspring health. Skeletal muscle, a critical tissue for glucose and lipid metabolism, is especially vulnerable to prenatal environmental insults. However, the effects of intrauterine hyperglycemia (IUHG) on offspring skeletal muscle development remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IUHG on skeletal muscle development in offspring and evaluate whether postnatal exercise could mitigate these effects.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Pregnant mice were assigned to GDM and control groups. Offspring were further divided into control and exercise subgroups. Body weight, glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), body composition, muscle strength and exercise capacity were assessed. At 20 weeks of age, skeletal muscle morphology was evaluated via various staining and Transmission Electron Microscope. Transcriptomic changes were analysed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin accessibility was assessed using ATAC-seq to identify molecular mechanisms underlying IUHG-induced alterations. Additionally, primary fetal myoblasts were cultured under normal and high-glucose conditions to investigate metabolic changes and lipid accumulation in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Offspring exposed to IUHG exhibited increased body weight, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, altered body composition, reduced muscle strength and diminished exercise capacity at adulthood. Exercise intervention in diabetic offspring improved the muscle ratio (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), fat ratio (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), lipid profiles (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.005) and muscle structure and strength (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.005). Transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling identified significant changes in genes and regulatory elements associated with immune regulation, myogenesis, lipid metabolism and inflammation in GDM-exposed offspring. In vitro, high-glucose exposure of E14.5d fetal myoblasts led to significant metabolic reprogramming, including lipid accumulation and disruptions in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, the expression of AP-1 family members Fos and Junb was up-regulated in myoblasts under high-glucose conditions, which aligns with the findings in the in vivo models.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;IUHG disrupts skeletal muscle development and metabolic function in offspring through structural, transcriptional and","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Growth Differentiating Factor-15 and Frailty in Older Adults From the MAPT Study","authors":"Juan Luis Sánchez-Sánchez,&nbsp;Yves Rolland,&nbsp;Alexandre Lucas,&nbsp;Sophie Guyonnet,&nbsp;Bruno Vellas,&nbsp;Philipe de Souto Barreto,&nbsp;for the MAPT/DSA Group","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Frailty is a prevalent syndrome in older adults and is associated with increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a cytokine involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, has been proposed as a potential biomarker for age-related conditions. Evidence on the association between GDF-15 and frailty in older adults is limited. This study explores the relationship between plasma GDF-15 levels and frailty onset in community-dwelling older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A secondary analysis was performed on 1096 participants (mean age = 75.2 ± 4.5 years; 64.5% women) from the Multidomain Alzheimer Prevention Trial (MAPT). Plasma GDF-15 levels were measured at year 1. Frailty was assessed using the Fried phenotype. Logistic regression was used to examine cross-sectional associations between GDF-15 and frailty, while mixed effects logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards models assessed longitudinal associations over a 4-year follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher plasma GDF-15 levels (both as continuous and categorical) were cross-sectionally associated with frailty (high vs. low GDF-15: OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.58–8.03). Longitudinally, very high GDF-15 levels predicted an increased risk of incident frailty (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.03–2.78).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated plasma GDF-15 levels were associated with frailty in older adults, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for increased vulnerability and an indicator of increased risk over time. Our results support a pleiotropic role of GDF-15, with low physiological levels not contributing to frailty development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.70182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}