Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Oestrogen Receptor Alpha in Myocyte Maintains Muscle Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","authors":"Xiaofei Huang, Sijia Li, Huna Wang, Lei Zhao, Xihua Li, Shusheng Fan, Wanting Hu, Haowei Tong, Guangyao Guo, Dengqiu Xu, Luyong Zhang, Zhenzhou Jiang, Qinwei Yu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function and regulating metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, its alterations and potential mechanisms in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remain incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrated the protective role of ERα in myocyte for skeletal muscle regeneration in <i>mdx</i> mice and explored the therapeutic effects of oestrogen receptor modulators on DMD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DMD patients' biopsies were obtained for histological analysis to explore the expression of ERα. The phenotype of muscle was analysed by histology and molecular biology. The therapeutical effect of different oestrogen receptor modulators was examined in <i>mdx</i> mice treated with fulvestrant (FVT, 20 mg/kg once a week) or oestradiol (E2, 1 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. The protective effect of ERα was performed on <i>mdx</i> mice after conditional knockout of ERα in skeletal muscle (ERα<sup>mKO</sup> <i>mdx</i> mice). Evidence of activation of ERα/oestrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα)/myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) signalling pathway was inspected in the primary myoblasts isolated from mice, and C2C12 cells received intervention with E2/FVT/<i>Esr1</i>-siRNA/<i>Esrra</i> overexpression plasmid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ERα expression was increased in DMD patients' triceps (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and <i>mdx</i> mice muscles (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FVT reduced ERα levels in the <i>mdx</i> mice muscles (<i>p</i> < 0.01) but had no significant effect on skeletal muscle regeneration on <i>mdx</i> mice. Compared with <i>mdx</i> mice, E2 reduced the levels of creatine kinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in serum, enhanced skeletal muscle function, alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy and fibre loss and upregulated the expression of ERα in GAS (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and TA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The myogenic factors such as myosin heavy chain (MyHC, <i>p</i> < 0.001), myogenin (MyoG, <i>p</i> < 0.05), MyoD (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ERRα (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were increased in <i>mdx</i> mice GAS with E2. But E2 had no effect on ERα<sup>mKO</sup> <i>mdx</i> mice. The primary myoblasts and C2C12 were treated with E2 displayed an increased-on myocyte fusion index (<i>p</i> < 0.05), ERα MyoD and ERRα expressions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The myocytes' fusion index (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ERα, MyoD and ERRα expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05) were decreased in si-<i>Esr1</i>-transfected C2C12 cells and increased in OE-<i>Esrra</i>-transfected C2C12 cells.</p>\u0000 <","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Intermittent Hypoxic–Hyperoxic Training During Inpatient Rehabilitation Improves Exercise Capacity and Functional Outcome in Patients With Long Covid: Results of a Controlled Clinical Pilot Trial” by Doehner et al.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13802","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To the Editors of the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle</p><p>It is estimated that around 10% of people infected with COVID-19 continue to struggle with permanent or new symptoms even months after the acute illness [<span>1</span>]. One of the most severe forms of this Long Covid syndrome is known as myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This is a neuroimmunological disease with a prevalence in Germany of around 0.6% after COVID disease, which often leads to incapacity for work and disability [<span>2</span>]. I was therefore very interested to read a therapy study in which Long Covid patients were treated with ‘Intermittent Hypoxic–Hyperoxic Training’ (IHHT), three treatments per week for approximately 5 weeks [<span>3</span>], which resulted in a significant improvement in performance. The existence of such a method, which earlier publications suggest is even low in side effects, will raise hopes among the many thousands of chronically ill Long Covid patients or ME/CFS sufferers, as effective treatment options have not existed to date.</p><p>Unfortunately, doubts have arisen as to the quality of the study and also the accuracy of its conclusions. Allow us to briefly explain our doubts below, focussing on the primary endpoint of the study.</p><p>The authors formed two groups of 70 and 75 patients from the population of patients at a rehabilitation centre. Group allocation was not randomised. The 6-min walking test was chosen as the primary endpoint as a measure of functional capacity. The baseline parameter was 352 ± 75 m in the study group and 430 ± 81 m in the control group. This corresponds to a difference of 25%. Statistically, this difference is highly significant with <i>p</i> < 0.001, that is, the probability that both groups come from the same collective is less than 1:100 000. Other performance parameters also differed significantly. It is therefore clear that different collectives are being compared here.</p><p>After the therapy, the IHHT group achieved a 6-min walking test value of 443 ± 77 m, the control group 462 ± 89 m. You do not have to be a statistics expert to be able to say with great certainty that these two values do not differ significantly from each other. However, the training effect, that is, the difference between baseline value and the endpoint reached, is significantly greater in the IHHT group. The authors then conclude: ‘Respiratory treatment with IHHT in addition to a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme improves functional capacity, symptomatic status and quality of life in patients with disabling Long Covid’.</p><p>In our opinion, this conclusion cannot be substantiated by the study. Due to the lack of a real randomised control group that was subjected to a sham treatment, for example, it cannot be ruled out that it was the standard rehabilitation measures alone that led to such a strong increase in performance in the study group that the two groups no longer differed at the","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Mind–Body Exercise in Older Adults With Sarcopenia and Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ruihan Wan, Jie Huang, Kangle Wang, Danting Long, Aolong Tao, Jia Huang, Zhizhen Liu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13806","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mind–body exercise (MBE) has shown promise in mitigating the effects of sarcopenia and frailty in older adults. Nevertheless, its effectiveness in enhancing muscle function and physical performance in this population has not been well established. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MBE on older adults with sarcopenia and frailty, to offer evidence-based exercise recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted through multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and Chinese Scientific Journals Full-Text Database (VIP), supplemented by manual reference searches from inception until February 2024. The eligible RCTs compared MBE with passive or active exercise controls, focusing on muscle function and physical performance in older adults aged 60 years or above. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the types, duration, and frequency of MBE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine eligible RCTs with 1838 participants were included in this study. MBE demonstrated significant improvements compared with passive control, particularly in grip strength (WMD [weighted mean difference] = 0.99; 95% CI [95% confidence interval] = 0.06, 1.92; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 3%, <i>p</i> = 0.04), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) (WMD = −4.04; 95% CI = −5.54, −2.53; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 12%, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores (WMD = 3.63; 95% CI = 0.38, 6.87; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Even when compared to active exercise training, improvements were still observed in TUGT and BBS (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with a trend toward improved grip strength (WMD = −2.20; 95% CI = −4.35, −0.04; <i>p</i> = 0.05). No positive effect on muscle mass was observed. Subgroup analysis indicated that MBE performed more than 5 times a week for a short or medium duration (4–24 weeks) could improve grip strength (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Moderate-frequency intervention over a short period in this population yielded greater improvements in gait speed and Chair Rise Test completion time (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MBE can enhance muscle function and physical performance to some extent in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty, whether they are compared with passive or active exercise training. However, positive effects on muscle mass have not been observed.","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Follow-Up of Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using Quantitative 23Na and 1H MRI","authors":"Teresa Gerhalter, Benjamin Marty, Lena V. Gast, Frank Roemer, Pierre-Yves Baudin, Regina Trollmann, Michael Uder, Pierre G. Carlier, Armin M. Nagel","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13812","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quantitative muscle MRI commonly evaluates disease activity and muscle wasting in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Disturbances in ion homeostasis contribute to DMD pathophysiology, but their relationships with disease progression is unclear. <sup>23</sup>Na MRI may provide insights into the disease course and treatment response. This longitudinal study assessed whether sodium levels are elevated in DMD patients regardless of fat fraction (FF) and whether baseline sodium levels influence FF changes over time. Additionally, we quantified the effect of slice selection on measured sodium values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen DMD boys (age 7.8 ± 2.4 years) underwent MRI of lower leg muscles at 3T at three visits, spaced 6 months apart. We assessed FF for disease progression and water T<sub>2</sub>, pH, apparent tissue sodium concentration (aTSC), and intracellular-weighted <sup>23</sup>Na signal (ICwS) for disease activity. Fourteen healthy boys (age 9.5 ± 1.7 years) underwent the same MRI protocol once. Linear regression and mixed-effect modelling were used to examine sodium level increases and their impact on FF changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In DMD, muscles with FF < 10% exhibited significantly elevated aTSC (24.8 ± 4.6 mM vs. 14.5 ± 2.1 mM in controls, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and higher ICwS (23.6 ± 2.5 a.u. vs. 14.1 ± 2.1 a.u., <i>p</i> < 0.001). At Visit 1, FF values showed a significant negative association with aTSC (<i>β</i> = −17.30, <i>p</i> = 0.016) and ICwS (<i>β</i> = −21.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first mixed-effect model, which assessed aTSC alone, showed no significant effect on FF progression but indicated a weak trend (<i>p</i> = 0.098). The second, more comprehensive model—incorporating also ICwS and water T<sub>2</sub>—revealed that FF changes were positively associated with aTSC (<i>p</i> = 0.0023) and negatively associated with ICwS and wT<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.025, respectively), with ICwS showing a significant interaction with time (<i>p</i> = 0.0033).</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Varying slice positioning and slice number demonstrated minimal impact on aTSC and ICwS, with low CV (2%–4%) in the mid-belly region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study demonstrates significant MRI-based changes related to dystrophic alterations in DMD. We identified early alterations in sodium homeostasis, independent of FF. Our findings suggest that the re","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ExermiR-129-3p Enhances Muscle Function by Improving Mitochondrial Activity Through PARP1 Inhibition","authors":"Yeo Jin Shin,&nbsp;Jae Won Yang,&nbsp;Heeyeon Jeong,&nbsp;Joyeong Kim,&nbsp;Bora Lee,&nbsp;Ji-Won Kim,&nbsp;Seung-Min Lee,&nbsp;Ju Yeon Kwak,&nbsp;Young Hoon Son,&nbsp;Kap Jung Kim,&nbsp;Yong Ryoul Yang,&nbsp;Chuna Kim,&nbsp;Ki-Sun Kwon,&nbsp;Kwang-Pyo Lee","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13823","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical exercise has beneficial effects on various organs, including skeletal muscle. However, not all patients are capable of engaging in exercise to maintain muscle function, which underscores the importance of identifying molecular mechanisms of physical training that could lead to the discovery of exercise-mimicking molecules.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sought to identify molecular mediators of exercise that could improve muscle function. We focused on the exercise-induced microRNA (miR)-129-3p, investigating its role and effects on mitochondrial activity both in vivo and in vitro. The expression of miR-129-3p was analysed in skeletal muscle following exercise, and its downstream effects on the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp1)-SIRT1-PGC1α signalling pathway were elucidated. Functional studies were conducted using muscle-specific overexpression of miR-129-3p in adult mice and intramuscular injection of AAV9-miR-129-3p in obese mice to assess exercise capacity and muscle strength.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exercise was found to upregulate miR-129-3p in skeletal muscle (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), which directly inhibits <i>Parp1</i>, a major NAD⁺-consuming enzyme. This inhibition leads to increased NAD⁺ levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), activating SIRT1 and subsequently reducing the acetylation of PGC1α, thereby enhancing mitochondrial function. Muscle-specific overexpression of miR-129-3p in adult mice significantly enhanced exercise capacity (&gt; 130%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), while AAV9-miR-129-3p injections ameliorated muscle weakness (twitch force, &gt; 140%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; tetanic force, &gt; 160%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) in obese mice. In human skeletal muscle myoblasts, miR-129-3p improved mitochondrial function via the PARP1-SIRT1-PGC1α signalling pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that miR-129-3p, induced by exercise, can mimic the beneficial effects of physical exercise. This highlights miR-129-3p as a potential therapeutic target for improving muscle health, especially in individuals unable to exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate Associated With Risk of Frailty and Likelihood of Reversion","authors":"Dingchun Hou,&nbsp;Shangjun Liu,&nbsp;Yumei Sun,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Xue Shang,&nbsp;Lijun Pei,&nbsp;Gong Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13814","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a simple and effective measure for insulin resistance, which is associated with higher risk of frailty. We aim to analyse the associations of eGDR with frailty risk and its reversibility.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A population-based longitudinal study was conducted of 11 670 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and 19 355 participants from the Health and Retirement Study. Frailty was assessed by the frailty index and reversibility was measured by transitions from frailty at baseline to non-frailty during follow-up. The eGDR was divided into Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and Q&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; according to the quartiles. Multi-state Markov model was performed to evaluate the effects of eGDR on transitions among non-frailty, frailty and death. Cox regression model was used to estimate eGDR associated with the risk of frailty and the likelihood of reversion.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In Chinese population characterized by a median age of 60 years (IQR: 54–66) with 6119 women (52.43%), compared with the Q&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; level of eGDR, participants exposure to Q&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and Q&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; level decreased the probability of transitioning from non-frailty to frailty by 22% (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69–0.88) and 25% (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66–0.86), respectively. But its Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and Q&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; levels increased the probability of transitioning from frailty to non-frailty by 24% (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.44), 39% (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19–1.64) and 33% (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.13–1.58). In American population with a median age of 63 years (IQR: 56–72) and 11 189 women (57.81%), its Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and Q&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; levels decreased the probability of transitioning from non-frailty to frailty by 17% (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.89), 24% (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70–0.82) and 46% (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.49–0.59), respectively. The probability of revising frailty increased by 25% (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.38), 36% (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.22–1.51) and 48% (HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.30–1.69) for levels Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, Q&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and Q&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. As shown in the prospective analysis, increased eGDR levels from Q&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; to Q&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; were associated with decreased frailty risk and higher likelihood of reversion, as evidenced by the dose–response relationship revealed by restricted cubic spline analysis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Higher levels of eGDR were ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of a Combined Body Mass Index and Regional Body Fat Percentage Metric With Fragility Fracture Risk: Evidence from a Large Observational Cohort","authors":"Hamzah Amin,&nbsp;Michelle G. Swainson,&nbsp;Muhammed Aqib Khan,&nbsp;Marwan Bukhari","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13808","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Evidence suggests that high body fat and low muscle mass may increase the risk of fragility fractures. However, current fracture risk models, which largely rely on body mass index (BMI), may not fully capture these compositional factors. We recommend integrating additional body composition variables into fracture risk calculators to improve accuracy. Previously, we described partial body fat percentage (PBF%), a novel measure that is routinely available and calculated as the proportion of fat at the lumbar spine and hip during DXA scans. We hypothesize that a combined BMI and PBF% approach (BMI/PBF%) could be associated with fragility fracture.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patients were referred to our DXA scanner between June 2004 and February 2024 and had combined lumbar spine and bilateral femoral scans. Patients were initially categorized by BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese) and then divided into tertiles of PBF%. Based on each patient's unique combination of BMI and PBF% tertile, they were stratified into 12 binary BMI/PBF% groups for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models, reporting odds ratios (OR), with BMI/PBF% groups as the independent variables and fragility fractures as the dependent variable were fit, with all results adjusted for known fracture risk factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We analysed 36 235 patients (83.4% female, 16.6% male), of whom 14 342 (39.5%) reported fragility fractures. The median (IQR) age was 67.7 (57.5–75.0) years, with a BMI of 26.4 (23.3–30.2) kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and PBF% of 30.6% (25.5% – 35.4%). In females, those in the lowest PBF% tertile had reduced odds of fragility fractures across all BMI categories (e.g., obese low PBF%: OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.64–0.78), whereas in males, this reduction was observed only amongst overweight and obese individuals (e.g., obese low PBF%: OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.88). No association was found for patients in the middle PBF% tertile across any BMI group. In contrast, females in the highest PBF% tertile exhibited increased odds of fractures across all BMI categories except underweight (e.g., obese high PBF%: OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.22–1.42), and a similar pattern was seen in males, but limited to the overweight and obese groups (e.g., obese high PBF%: OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.55).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;High or low PBF% within BMI categories is associated with fragility fractures, challenging the traditional notion that high BMI protects against fractures. Thi","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Muscle Radiodensity and Muscle Mass With Thoracic Aortic Calcification Progression in Dialysis Patients","authors":"Xiao-xu Wang,&nbsp;Jing-yuan Cao,&nbsp;Yao Wang,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Shi-mei Hou,&nbsp;Zhen Zhao,&nbsp;Min Yang,&nbsp;Ping-ping Ju,&nbsp;Yu-jia Jiang,&nbsp;Jing-jie Xiao,&nbsp;Ri-ring Tang,&nbsp;Hong Liu,&nbsp;Bi-cheng Liu,&nbsp;Xiao-liang Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Wang","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13813","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Recent findings have spotlighted sarcopenia as a critical factor exacerbating cardiovascular risk in dialysis patients. However, no studies have investigated the relationship of muscle characteristics with thoracic aortic calcification (TAC). We explored whether skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) are associated with TAC in dialysis patients.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this study, 2517 dialysis patients (between January 2020 and June 2023) from four centres with chest computed tomography (CT) scans were analysed cross-sectionally. A cohort of 544 initial-dialysis patients (between January 2014 and December 2020) was followed for TAC progression. Chest CT images were used to assess SMD and SMI at the L1 level, as well as to measure the scores of TAC, including ascending TAC (ATAC), aortic arch calcification (AoAC) and descending TAC (DTAC). Multivariable linear regression models were employed to assess the effects of SMD and SMI on TAC and its progression. Restricted cubic spline was used to assess the potential non-linear relationships of SMD and SMI with TAC progression.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mean (SD) age for the cross-sectional study was 54.8 (14.0) years, with males accounting for 58.2%. Over a mean (SD) follow-up duration of 3.45 (1.82) years, 85.7% showed TAC progression. Comparing the highest quartile of SMD to the lowest quartile, a significant inverse association was observed with TAC (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;, −1.08 [−1.42 to −0.75]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001); similar trends were noted for SMI (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;, −0.42 [−0.74 to −0.10]; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011). SMD and SMI as continuous variables were also both significantly negatively correlated with TAC. In the longitudinal study, multivariable linear regression models revealed that an increase of 1 SD in SMD resulted in a decrease of 0.10 SD (95% CI, −0.17 to −0.02; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011) in TAC progression, and an increase of 1 SD in SMI resulted in a decrease of 0.12 SD (95% CI, −0.20 to −0.04; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) in TAC progression. Restricted cubic spline models excluded non-linear trends for the relationships of SMD and SMI with TAC progression. The associations of SMD and SMI with DTAC were consistent with those observed for TAC, but neither showed a significant association with ATAC.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Higher SMD and higher SMI were significantly associated with lower TAC and its progression in dialysis patients. Improving SMD and SMI could be a new approach for reducing ","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Risk of Sarcopenia Following Long-Term Statin Use in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Japan” by Huang et al.","authors":"Jian Huang","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13801","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I read with great interest the article ‘Risk of Sarcopenia Following Long-Term Statin Use in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Japan’ by Huang et al. [<span>1</span>]. Although the study addresses a topic of significant clinical relevance, I would like to express concerns regarding two critical methodological aspects that may affect the internal validity of the findings.</p><p>First, the article reported that after propensity score matching, several variables, including age, exhibit a standardized mean difference (SMD) of exactly 0.00 (see Table 1). Such a perfect balance for a continuous variable is highly unlikely, even with state-of-the-art matching techniques, and strongly suggests a potential data or calculation error. Previous research has consistently demonstrated that, in practice, residual imbalances almost invariably persist despite careful matching [<span>2</span>]. Greater transparency in reporting balance diagnostics, for example, by providing graphical representations of propensity score distributions such as Love plots or density plots, would allow readers to thoroughly assess the adequacy of the matching process and verify that the matching has achieved an acceptable balance between groups.</p><p>Second, the authors employed risk set sampling to construct the control group; however, the article did not provide sufficient details regarding the specific algorithm used or its potential limitations. Risk set sampling is a critical method for addressing time-dependent confounding in longitudinal studies [<span>3</span>], yet its implementation can vary considerably and may introduce biases if not carefully executed. The study did not specify how subjects were selected, the exact matching procedures used when sampling with replacement or any assumptions underlying the method. A detailed description of the risk set sampling algorithm, along with a discussion of its limitations and any potential impact on the study's conclusions, is essential for evaluating the robustness and reproducibility of the analysis.</p><p>These points warrant further clarification, as they have significant implications for the interpretation of the study's results.</p><p>The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass in Studies Based on CHARLS May Cause Unreliable Conclusion","authors":"Mingchong Liu,&nbsp;Jiaming Wang,&nbsp;Chensong Yang,&nbsp;Guixin Sun","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13800","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We write to highlight a potential issue in the estimation of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in studies based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). In recent years, numerous studies based on the CHARLS database have been published, with a significant number focusing on sarcopenia. A PubMed search reveals that over 94 sarcopenia-related articles based on CHARLS data have been published to date, with the majority appearing in the past 3 years. Our journal has also contributed to this body of literature by publishing several of these studies [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. Although these studies have contributed significantly to the field, we argue that the estimation of ASM in many of these studies may be based on unreliable methods, potentially leading to questionable conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The accurate estimation of ASM is crucial for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and the assessment of its prevalence and impact. Although this formula has been widely used, we contend that its application in CHARLS-based studies may be inappropriate for several reasons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, the original study from which this formula was derived was conducted in a relatively young population with a mean age of only about 40 years (39.3 ± 14.5 years for males; 41.1 ± 14.1 years for females; 18–69 years old). In contrast, sarcopenia research primarily focuses on older adults, and the physiological characteristics of muscle mass in younger individuals may not be representative of those in the elderly. The sarcopenia research based on CHARLS usually excludes individuals younger than 60, with a mean age of more than 67 [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. This age discrepancy can significantly impact the applicability and accuracy of the derived formula in sarcopenia research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Second, the original study was conducted in 2006, whereas many CHARLS data used in recent studies were collected around 2015 [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. According to data from the General Administration of Sport of China (https://www.sport.gov.cn/n315/index.html), significant changes in the average height and weight of the Chinese population have occurred over the past two decades. These changes may affect the accuracy of ASM estimation using the original formula.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another critical limitation of the widely used formula is its reliance on only a few anthropometric measurements—height, weight, sex and age—while neglecting other important body composition indicators such as waist circumference and calf circumference. This oversimplification can lead to substantial bias in the estimation of ASM. For example, using a fixed cut-off point based on the lowest 20th percentile of ASM, as seen in many CHARLS-based studies [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;], may incorrectly classify individuals with low stature and average weight as having low ASM. This approach essentially labels a fixed proportion of the population as having low muscle mass, regardless of their actual muscle status. The exclusion of other relevant anthropomet","PeriodicalId":48911,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}