Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery最新文献

{"title":"Experimental analysis of fixed bed combustion of rice husk briquettes enriched with croton megalocarpus oil","authors":"Mamadou II Diallo,&nbsp;R. Kiplimo,&nbsp;Josephat Kipyegon Tanui,&nbsp;P. O. Oketch","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07115-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07115-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rice husk briquettes are increasingly important as an alternative and renewable fuel. This study used biofuel-absorbed briquettes, a new method for using briquette fuels. In this way, the naturally existing briquette pores are filled with croton megalocarpus oil, improving the combustion properties compared to untreated (raw) briquettes. This study investigated combustion characteristics of rice husk briquettes enriched with croton megalocarpus oil (CMO). The briquettes were burnt in a fixed bed reactor. Air-mass fluxes were varied between 0.02 and 0.284 kg/m².s while croton megalocarpus oil absorption varied between 12% and 28% with both variations done at even increments. Key combustion parameters analyzed include peak flame temperature, burning rate, reaction zone thickness, flame propagation speed, and ignition time. The results demonstrate that croton megalocarpus oil absorption significantly influences combustion dynamics and briquette performance. It was established that the oil absorbed in the briquette had a positive impact in all the combustion properties. However, as oil absorption increases beyond the optimal level, the excess oil creates a dense layer around the briquettes that impedes oxygen diffusion which leads to fuel-rich conditions resulting in incomplete combustion. Consequently, beyond the optimal level of croton oil absorption, thermal performance of the briquettes was diminished.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) mediated isolation and characterization of lignin from Prunus persica endocarp","authors":"Tsegaye Abera Mekuriaw,&nbsp;Belachew Zegale Tizazu,&nbsp;Adamu Esubalew Kassa,&nbsp;Yalew Woldeamanuel Sitotaw","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07123-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07123-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lignin is the most underutilized lignocellulosic biomass having crucial properties for valorization into biofuels, chemicals, and biomaterials. <i>Prunus persica</i> is a lignin-rich endocarp biomass and the world’s second-most-harvested temperate horticultural fruit after apples. Its endocarp contains high lignin and unsuitable for animal feed or soil amendment. Lignin isolation is challenging due to recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as an effective option for lignin isolation. In this study, ultrasound-assisted DES-mediated lignin isolation from <i>Prunus persica</i> endocarp was examined. The effects of molar ratio of DES (1:1–1:5), time (30–150 min), temperature (60–140 °C), ultrasound power (15–75 W), particle size (53–500 μm), and solid loading (5–25%) were investigated. Moreover, properties of isolated lignin such as antioxidant activity, UV absorptivity, thermal property, functional groups, and particle size were analyzed to evaluate its suitability for different applications. The maximum lignin yield of 51.5% was obtained at temperature of 140 °C, solid loading of 15%, molar ratio of 1:3, time of 90 min, and ultrasound power of 45 W. The results of thermal analysis indicated that DES-lignin was thermally resistant up to 300 °C. The FTIR analysis revealed that DES-lignin mostly contains sinapyl and Guaiacyl units. The particle size analysis showed that the average size of DES-lignin was in the micro range. The UV absorption and antioxidant analysis provided that DES-lignin has high UV blocking properties with a high shield against UV-B and against UV-A and strong antioxidant properties (89.49 µg/ml IC50 value), respectively. Indeed, the properties of DES-lignin highlight the potential applications in enhancing mechanical and thermal property polymers, as UV filter, and antioxidant active.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of lignin as bioasphalt in pavement engineering: a review on production, characterisation, and performance evaluation","authors":"Ravindra Kumar,&nbsp;Sachin Dhakal,&nbsp;Geir Næss,&nbsp;Mette Sørensen","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07116-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07116-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Programme’s agendas, and net-zero emissions will be the ultimate objective by 2050. In this context, the use of biobased fuels, chemicals, and materials is being promoted globally, as biobased products emit fewer emissions. Lignin is a potent, abundantly available biobased material derived from plants. It is the by-product of the pulp and paper industry and the second-generation ethanol production process. Of lignin, only 2% is valorised to produce biobased products, and the rest, 98%, is burnt to produce heat and power for local use. Therefore, lignin is being explored as an alternative to bioasphalt in pavement engineering. Bioasphalt is a black, viscous material obtained from crude petroleum, which consequently leads to massive emissions. In order to achieve net-zero emissions, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) ‘s goal of stopping fossil fuel use by 2050. Therefore, bitumen will not be available by the year 2050. The finite availability of crude petroleum is also a cause for concern. It is reported that 85% of the bitumen consumed globally is used in pavement engineering, estimated at 100 million tons per year. Numerous studies show that bio-asphalt prepared by mixing lignin can achieve performance comparable to conventional asphalt in terms of fatigue, rutting resistance, and moisture susceptibility when properly formulated. In addition, its compatibility with warm mix asphalt results in lower production temperatures, lowering energy consumption and emissions during construction. Therefore, this review summarises the literature on the use of lignin as an alternative to bitumen in asphalt production, characterisation, and performance evaluation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-026-07116-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the properties of biochar obtained by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge for use as a pigment","authors":"Mansurovna Guzeliia Bikbulatova,&nbsp;Nikolaevich Andrey Grachev,&nbsp;Andreyevich Sergey Zabelkin,&nbsp;Saidovich Farid Sharifullin,&nbsp;Valerievich Alexey Sorokov ,&nbsp;Irshatovna Almira Valiullina ,&nbsp;Raisovna Aigul Valeeva ,&nbsp;Alexandrovich Alexander Makarov ,&nbsp;Nikolaevich Vladimir Bashkirov ,&nbsp;Maratovna Rimma Khaziakhmedova","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07126-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07126-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The problem of processing and utilization of sludge sediments formed at biological treatment facilities is a pressing issue. One of the safe methods of solving it is fast pyrolysis, which allows you to recycle this waste into biochar. The resulting biochar can be used as an additive to the soil, a recultivant, but it has not been widely used at present. Currently, the most widely used black pigment in industry is carbon black, which is considered harmful to public health: pigments are carcinogenic and generate many toxic residues that pollute the air when released into the atmosphere. The present research is aimed at obtaining black pigment as a result of processing sewage sludge by fast pyrolysis. Studies of the properties of biochar obtained by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge have shown the prospects for its use in various fields of industry, in particular, as a black pigment in paints and varnishes. In terms of technical characteristics, it is comparable to a typical of red iron oxide pigment, which has a more complex production process. Additional modification of biochar by heat treatment makes it possible to improve its painting and technical properties and, in the future, will allow it to be used as a black pigment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization in the production of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus niger in cheese whey and purification by aqueous two-phase system","authors":"Werlisson Santos Souza,&nbsp;Graziella do Nascimento Silva,&nbsp;Raiane Vieira Chaves,&nbsp;Jacqueline Rêgo da Silva Rodrigues,&nbsp;Keilla Santos Cerqueira,&nbsp;Roberto Rodrigues de Souza","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07124-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07124-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The enzyme β-galactosidase is widely used in industrial processes, especially in the development of lactose-free or reduced products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to define the best fermentation conditions for the production of β-galactosidase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> in cheese whey (CW) and to evaluate the purification of this enzyme through an Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and potassium phosphate. To verify the synergistic effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on the production and optimization of the enzyme, a Factorial Design followed by a Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) was used. The highest activity was 50.30 U mL^− 1 using the RCCD with CW (20% v/v) supplemented with lactose (13 g L^− 1), yeast extract (7.5 g L^− 1), and peptone (5 g L^− 1), in a medium at 35 °C and pH 5.0. The composed of PEG 1500 g mol^− 1 (20% w/w) and potassium phosphate (10% w/w) at pH 7.0 is the best condition to partially purify this enzyme, allowing a purification factor of 4.53, with a partition coefficient of 6.17 ± 0.40 and yield of 92.54%. These results demonstrate the possibility of using an ATPS composed of PEG-phosphate to purify a β-galactosidase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> produced in CW supplemented with carbon and nitrogen sources. The study provides a low-cost and sustainable enzyme production strategy using CW and a simple and efficient purification with ATPS, which may be of great biotechnological interest.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-026-07124-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights onto adsorptive removal of phenanthrene from aqueous solution and real-time effluent using nano zero-valent iron supported aloe vera peel biochar","authors":"Prabu Deivasigamani,&nbsp;P. Senthil Kumar,&nbsp;Sathish Sundararaman,&nbsp;Michael Rahul Soosai,&nbsp;A. Annam Renita,&nbsp;M. Karthikeyan,&nbsp;J. Aravind Kumar,&nbsp;Murat Yılmaz,&nbsp;Naveen Prasad,&nbsp;Sivamani S","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07122-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07122-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) discharged through anthropogenic activities pose a threat to the environment. In this study, a nanocomposite material was successfully prepared by stacking nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) onto biochar derived from aloe vera peels (AVP) to achieve efficient adsorptive removal of phenanthrene.The results of the batch study showed that at pH 7 and an nZVI-AVP dosage of 0.8 g/L, the maximum removal efficiency of 96.25% was achieved after 40 min of adsorption.Kinetic studies were conducted at various pH levels and phenanthrene concentrations.Batch studies confirmed that the <i>q</i>_<i>e</i> value estimated using the pseudo-second-order model best fits the data for phenanthrene removal by nZVI-AVP and closely agrees with the experimental values.Loading nZVI onto AVP enhances its performance and increases its capacity to sequester phenanthrene. The nZVI-AVP specifically adsorbed aromatic contaminants through π-π-interactions. Thus, nZVI-AVP can be considered a promising adsorbent for the removal of PAHs from aqueous solutions.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic and isotherm modelling of cationic dyes adsorption onto raw and ZnCl2-activated wine waste adsorbents","authors":"Yamina Chergui,&nbsp;Fouzia Ouazani,&nbsp;Soumia Benkhatou,&nbsp;Samia Benhammadi,&nbsp;Abdelkader Iddou","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07120-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07120-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In order to remove the dyes Rhodamine B (R-B) and Congo Red (C-R), this study examines the use of raw grape marc (RGM) and ZnCl₂-activated grape marc (ACGM) as inexpensive adsorbents. The materials were characterized using point of zero charge (pHpzc) testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The consequences of temperature, initial dye concentration, interection time, adsorbent dosage, and solution pH were assessed in batch adsorption tests. While Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin– Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models have been applied to examine equilibrium data, pseudo-first-order (P-1), pseudo-second-order (P-2), Elovich, Bangham, intraparticle diffusion, and external diffusion models were used for kinetic investigations.</p>\u0000 <p>The results demonstrate that during the first phases of the adsorption process, external diffusion is crucial. The excellent fit of the pseudo-second-order model for both dyes (R² = 0.99) indicates that the surface response rate in this model is greater than the external diffusion surrounding the adsorbent particles. Other rate-controlling mechanisms were found in addition to intraparticle diffusion. Maximum adsorption potential on RGM and ACGM were found to be 22 and 46 mg•g⁻¹ for R-B and 17 and 62 mg•g⁻¹ for C-R, according to the Langmuir model.</p>\u0000 <p>For adsorbent mass, 2 g of RGM removed 97% R-B and 96% C-R, whereas 1 g of ACGM removed 99% of both dyes. The adsorption’s spontaneous nature process was validated by thermodynamic data, which displayed negative Gibbs free energy values (ΔG°). This study demonstrates the promise of ACGM as an affordable, efficient adsorbent for wastewater treatment.</p>\u0000 <span>AbstractSection</span>\u0000 Graphical abstract\u0000 <div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div>\u0000 \u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein concentrate from waste leaves of hull-less pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.): the impact of enzyme-assisted protocol on chemical composition and antioxidant activity","authors":"Mirjana Antov,&nbsp;Milica Perović,&nbsp;Nemanja Bojanić,&nbsp;Maja Milošević,&nbsp;Zorica Knežević Jugović","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07109-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07109-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Waste leaves of hull-less pumpkin (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>) were processed with and without the assistance of enzymes in combined and conventional protocols, respectively, to produce white protein concentrate. Enzymatic treatment of fibrous pulp remained after leaf pressing was applied at conditions determined in optimization experiments. Three commercial mixtures of cell wall degrading enzymes - wide spectrum of carbohydrases, enzyme preparation with dominant β-glucanase activity, and cellulase complex were used. Yield of white protein concentrate produced by all enzyme-assisted protocols was higher in comparison to that from conventional protocol. The most prominent increase of yield, for 340%, was achieved with the assistance of wide spectrum of carbohydrase activities. Cellulase complex enabled production of white protein concentrate with the highest content of protein, 57.20 ± 2.92 g/100 g_DM. Protein concentrate produced with the aid of wide spectrum of carbohydrases had the lowest content of fiber (7.58 ± 0.80 g/100 g_DM) while that from conventional protocol had the lowest ash content, 7.38 ± 0.82 g/100 g_DM. Protein concentrates produced in conventional protocol and with the assistance of cellulase complex exhibited higher <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant activity than those produced with other two enzyme mixtures. FTIR and SDS PAGE revealed differences in the presence and ratios of proteins in white protein concentrates that came as a result of different applied protocols.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of bio-oil binder on the mechanical properties, energy density and durability of biochar briquettes from Ayous and Sapelli sawdust","authors":"Davy Kaoke Fiwa,&nbsp;Albert Veved,&nbsp;Musongo Balike,&nbsp;Djakaou Iya-sou,&nbsp;Hassana Boukar,&nbsp;Emmanuel Talla","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07108-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07108-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biochar briquettes have attracted growing attention as renewable solid fuels and carbon sequestration agents due to their high carbon content and potential contribution to sustainable energy systems. However, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by mechanical fragility, poor resistance to handling and environmental exposure, and limited durability during storage and transport, particularly when produced from fine lignocellulosic residues. Addressing these limitations is essential to improve the practical applicability of biochar-based solid fuels. In this study, bio-oil derived from the fast pyrolysis of Ayous (<i>Triplochiton scleroxylon</i>) and Sapelli (<i>Entandrophragma cylindricum</i>) sawdust was evaluated as an organic binder to enhance the performance of biochar briquettes. Biochars were produced by pyrolysis (500 °C), blended with bio-oil at varying binder contents, and densified into briquettes under controlled compaction conditions. The resulting briquettes were characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, bulk density, mechanical strength, water resistance, freeze–thaw durability, and energy performance. Incorporation of 15 wt% bio-oil increased compressive strength from 2.8 MPa to 4.0 MPa (+ 43%) and bulk density from 1.06 to 1.09 g cm⁻³ to 1.25–1.28 g cm⁻³ (+ 26%). The higher heating value improved from 24.8 MJ kg⁻¹ to 28.9 MJ kg⁻¹ (+ 16%), while water absorption decreased from 22.5% to 14.7% (− 35%). Durability tests under ten freeze–thaw cycles revealed only 8% strength loss, compared with 23% for unbound briquettes. The µCT analyses confirmed enhanced particle cohesion and reduced porosity associated with the formation of hydrophobic bio-oil-derived binding phases. Overall, the results demonstrate that bio-oil is an effective binder for producing mechanically robust, energy-dense, and environmentally durable biochar briquettes, supporting the valorization of pyrolysis by-products and the development of sustainable solid fuels within a circular bioenergy framework.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonizing the unwanted: sustainable energy recovery from scheduled waste via co-hydrothermal carbonization","authors":"Zill-e Huma,&nbsp;Mei Yin Ong,&nbsp;Jassinnee Milano,&nbsp;Chung Hong Tan,&nbsp;Hwai Chyuan Ong,&nbsp; Noor-e-Hira,&nbsp;Shaliza Ibrahim,&nbsp;Saifuddin Nomanbhay","doi":"10.1007/s13399-026-07097-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-026-07097-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The escalating global waste crisis, particularly the challenge of environmentally friendly disposal of hazardous scheduled waste, demands exploring innovative technologies that convert waste into valuable energy resources. Traditional disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration are environmentally detrimental, uneconomical, and fail to recover valuable resources. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a thermochemical process conducted in a subcritical water medium (180–250 °C, 2–10 MPa) under autogenous pressure, can be adopted as a pivotal waste-to-energy conversion technology to enhance resource recovery, safely dispose of scheduled wastes, and curb environmental degradation. The resulting hydrochar is a carbonaceous material with a wide range of applications in energy, agriculture, and environmental remediation. The study emphasizes co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC), combining scheduled waste with lignocellulosic biomass, and conclusively highlights its synergistic effects leading to increased carbon content, better organic retention, enhancement of energy yield, and effective removal of inorganics such as chlorine from polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing scheduled waste. This paper explores the potential of hydrochar as a clean solid fuel alternative to conventional non-renewable energy resources, highlighting its high carbon content (50–80%) and hydrophobic nature, which contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, climate change mitigation, and the promotion of a circular economy. This review illustrates a novel approach to valorizing scheduled waste through co-hydrothermal carbonization with lignocellulosic biomass, a process previously unexplored for this waste stream, offering valuable insights to guide future research aimed at enhancing its scalability and impact.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}