{"title":"Can the qualitative characteristics of commercial charcoal-based products affect combustion performance during grilling?","authors":"Alessio Mencarelli, Rosa Greco, Stefano Grigolato","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06830-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06830-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing interest in outdoor cooking has significantly increased the popularity of charcoal-based products. However, charcoal quality varies based on wood species and carbonization methods, impacting performance during grilling. Charcoal must provide consistent heat, with factors like burn duration and residue affecting cooking quality and costs. This study evaluated 23 commercial charcoal samples in Italy—15 lump charcoals and 8 briquettes. It analyzed their quality and combustion performance through proximate, physical analyses, and combustion tests on a commercial barbecue measuring weight loss, burning rate, residue, ember, and fume temperatures. Proximate analysis revealed significant heterogeneity, with some samples exhibiting moisture content (up to 11.7%), ash levels (up to 35%), and volatile matter (up to 30%) outside the recommended threshold set by EN 1860–2:2023 standard, which negatively impacted combustion efficiency. Key factors like high fixed carbon (> 75% for 10 lump charcoal samples) and heating values (> 27 MJ/kg for most lump charcoals) promoted more complete combustion with higher weight loss, burning rates, and ember/fume temperatures. Lump charcoals generally showed better combustion performance than briquettes, with higher temperatures (up to 600 °C for embers and 60 °C for fumes) and lower residues. However, briquettes exhibited a more prolonged burn duration and lower fume/ember temperatures (< 500 °C). The granulation and apparent density also influenced combustion, with smaller charcoal fractions improving burning rates. The results emphasize the significant influence of product quality and variability on combustion behavior, underscoring the necessity of rigorous production and distribution standards to ensure optimal grilling performance of charcoal-based fuels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"24995 - 25006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13399-025-06830-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Arumugam, P. Chengareddy, G. Venkatakoteswararao
{"title":"A review on the utilization of waste pineapple crown into value-added products","authors":"S. Arumugam, P. Chengareddy, G. Venkatakoteswararao","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06837-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06837-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pineapple is the most consumed fruit in the world, although its crown is discarded as waste. However, these pineapple crowns (PaCn) are rich in bioactive compounds and chemicals, offering vast potential for applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food and beverages, biofuels, bioplastics, paper and pulp products, etc. The previous review reports on the subject examined the development of sustainable materials derived from different pineapple wastes, i.e., peel, core, crown, and pomace in the bioenergy and other industrial sectors. However, they have not focused on application materials derived from waste PaCn. Hence, there is a scope for exploring the different application materials derived from PaCn. This first report thoroughly reviews waste pineapple crowns’ industrial potential, possibilities for by-product valorization, and their conversion process. Through the thorough literature review, it is perceived that various industries can derive multiple value-added products from waste PaCn, including 15 application materials such as nano/micro cellulose, activated carbon, enzymes, fibers, vanillic acid, bioadsorbent, regenerative cellulose, renewable aromatic compounds, pharmaceutical chemicals, reducing sugar, bioactive compounds, corrosion inhibitor, bio-oil, composite particles, and mortar. The waste of PaCn conversions has been shown to reduce waste generation, and the products derived from the conversion would support the waste-to-value concept.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"24755 - 24772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yali Tang, Kunqiang Lu, Lixin Lu, Xiaolin Qiu, Liao Pan
{"title":"Converting poplar sawdust waste into antioxidant lignocellulose film","authors":"Yali Tang, Kunqiang Lu, Lixin Lu, Xiaolin Qiu, Liao Pan","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06828-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06828-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alkali lignin (AL) exhibits favorable ultraviolet (UV)-shielding performance, yet its poor antioxidant activity significantly restricts practical applications in packaging materials. In this study, AL with high antioxidant and UV-shielding effects was prepared from renewable poplar sawdust by preheating with dilute acid and ultrasonication, and it was used as a filler to be added to regenerated cellulose (RC) matrix to prepare a new high-performance bioactive packaging film (RC-AL). Results demonstrated that AL (5–10%) incorporation endowed RC films with near-complete (100%) UV-shielding in the 200–300 nm range. The RC-AL film containing 10% AL achieved a 93.2% 1,1-diphenyl- 2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) radical removal rate. Oxygen barrier properties remained stable with AL addition, while maximum moisture barrier enhancement (33.3%) occurred at 7.5% AL loading. Optimal mechanical performance was observed at 5% AL content (68.8 Mpa), showing a 35.7% increase in tensile strength (TS) and 38.4% reduction in elongation at break (EB). This work successfully converts renewable poplar waste into value-added bio-composite films, providing an attractive route to environmental sustainability for agroforestry by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 16","pages":"22651 - 22661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lichao Ge, Mingjin Zuo, Yang Wang, Lei Yao, Yanquan Liu, Hongda Song, Huiwen Liu, Chang Xu
{"title":"Effects of low-concentration KOH solution modification on the physicochemical properties and pore structure of biochar","authors":"Lichao Ge, Mingjin Zuo, Yang Wang, Lei Yao, Yanquan Liu, Hongda Song, Huiwen Liu, Chang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06832-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06832-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, corn straw pellets and peanut vine pellets were used as the biomass raw materials, and low-concentration KOH was used as an alkaline modification agent; the effects of the primary pyrolysis temperature and initial morphology of the raw materials on the biochar, as well as the effects of impregnation concentration, secondary pyrolysis temperature, and impregnation time on the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of modified biochar, were studied. The results showed that low-concentration KOH modification only slightly improved the pore structure and adsorption characteristics of the biochar, and the biochar and modified biochar had similar crystal structures. After modification, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area of the peanut vine biochar increased from 13.38 to 60.53 m<sup>2</sup>/g, and the iodine value increased from 161.07 to 269.01 mg/g. In addition, the impregnation concentration had the greatest influence on the iodine value. When the iodine value was taken as the target, the optimal conditions for KOH modification of peanut vine biochar were an impregnation concentration of 10 wt%, a secondary pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, and an impregnation time of 20 min.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25339 - 25350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced bacterial cellulose production from black soy sauce residue by Komagataeibacter xylinus: a sustainable bioconversion approach","authors":"Putri Amanda, Efri Mardawati, Hilmi Lisan Shidqi, Yoice Srikandace, Siti Aisyah Zahrad, Een Sri Endah, Dian Andriani, Melbi Mahardika, Myrtha Karina","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06824-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06824-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the potential of black soy sauce residue (SSR), an agro-industrial by-product, as a carbon source for bacterial cellulose (BC) production by <i>Komagataeibacter xylinus</i>. The research systematically evaluated the efficacy of SSR-water mixtures at various ratios for BC cultivation, fermented under static conditions at room temperature over 7 days. The BC produced was thoroughly analyzed for its structural and physical properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The findings revealed that an SSR-water ratio of 1:50 yielded the highest BC production at 1.56 g/L, exceeding the synthetic Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium yield. Moreover, the BC fibers derived from SSR exhibited a reduced diameter (34–39 nm) and enhanced crystallinity (89.3–93.7%) compared to those produced in HS medium. These results show the viability of SSR as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional BC production media.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25515 - 25528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced production of lutein in Tetradesmus obliquus by medium engineering and its application for the development of lutein-loaded hydrogel","authors":"Kriti Sharma, Ashok Kumar Nadda","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06829-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06829-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commercial production of microalgae has been increasingly gained attention due to their high growth rates and production of value-added products. Among these, the lutein, a carotenoid, is highly significant because of its many uses in the food and medicine industries. As the global demand for lutein increases, its production through microalgae is an economically and environmentally sustainable approach. Its biosynthesis can be induced by a variety of stresses, including nitrogen and carbon. The lutein was extracted by solvent extraction and characterized via different techniques, viz., spectrophotometry, TLC, HPLC, and FTIR. As per the findings, <i>Tetradesmus obliquus</i> produced the maximum amount of lutein 5.40 mg/g in 0.0375 g/L nitrogen concentration which was further increased to 8.80 mg/g using 5 L/min of CO<sub>2</sub> flowrate. Additionally, the explanation of the increased lutein yield under various nitrogen and carbon treatments offers insightful information about the mechanism of lutein biosynthesis. The recovered lutein was ~ 84% pure with 80% antioxidant activity and was negative against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The carotenoid was further effectively utilized to create a lutein-infused hydrogel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25035 - 25044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Baranitharan, U. Elaiyarasan, Malinee Sriariyanun
{"title":"Utilization of stone apple seed biomass and discarded X-ray film blend for kinetic and thermodynamic attribute analysis for efficient energy refinery","authors":"P. Baranitharan, U. Elaiyarasan, Malinee Sriariyanun","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06826-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06826-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The non-edible biomass brings attention to energy generation from the agro-residues. The co-pyrolysis of stone apple seed biomass (SAS) and waste X-ray film (WXF) was experimentally investigated. Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) was employed at varying heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min) to analyze the thermal degradation behavior of the samples. The kinetic parameters and thermal behavior of co-pyrolysis blend were estimated using the Starink, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) iso-conversational models were employed to assess the activation energy (<i>E</i><sub>α</sub>) and thermodynamic properties such as Gibbs energy (ΔG), enthalpy (Δ<i>H</i>), and entropy (Δ<i>S</i>). The average value of <i>E</i><sub>α</sub> when identified through Starink, FWO, and KAS models was estimated to be 211.55, 210.47, and 220.91 kJ/mol, with co-efficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) values of 0.91, 0.91, and 0.90 correspondingly. The average thermodynamic triplet values were estimated to be change in enthalpy (Δ<i>H</i>) = 214.74 kJ/mol, entropy (Δ<i>S</i>) = 32.01 J/mol.K, and Gibbs free energy (Δ<i>G</i>) = 189.74 kJ/mol, respectively. The insight into the kinetic and thermodynamic values reveals that the process is non-spontaneous and indicates the SAS and WXF can be utilized as alternative fuel feedstock owing to their environmentally friendly nature, sustainable energy generation, and ideal characteristics.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25023 - 25033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Valorization of Zymomonas mobilis for bioethanol production from waste bread: optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes","authors":"Davood Mazaheri","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06827-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06827-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the potential for increasing the yield of bioethanol production from bread waste, this study utilized <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i>. Since optimizing production conditions significantly impacts product yield and cost reduction, the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes were optimized. First, the effect of the α-amylase enzyme on the amount of released sugars was examined. Then, using the response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design, the simultaneous effects of three parameters—amyloglucosidase enzyme dosage (U), solid loading (%), and process time (h)—on the saccharification process were analyzed. The results showed that the maximum reducing sugar of 141 g/l was achieved under optimal conditions of 19.9% solid loading, 11.8 U of amyloglucosidase enzyme, and saccharification time of 26.5 h. In the next phase, the fermentation of the released sugars into bioethanol using <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> was investigated. The simultaneous effects of four factors—initial sugar concentration (g/l), amount of inoculum (bacterial dry weight), the weight of peptone (g) used in the medium (as a nutrient), and fermentation time (h)—were analyzed using RSM. Data analysis indicated that the highest ethanol production (31.4 g/l) was obtained under the following optimal conditions: initial sugar concentration of 85 g/l, bacterial dry weight of 0.0325 g, peptone weight of 0.36 g, and fermentation time of 27 h. In this process, 80.83% of the initial sugar was consumed by the bacteria, resulting in an ethanol production yield of 0.457. This indicates the efficient performance of <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> in producing ethanol from bread waste.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25407 - 25416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdelhamid Addala, Moussa Boudiaf, Zahia Zizi, Kaouthar Ahmouda, Djamel Barani, Embarek Bentouhami, Maria Elektorowicz, Yacine Benguerba, Omar Ben Mya
{"title":"Utilization of Nigella sativa seed biomass for copper (II) adsorption from aqueous solutions and wastewater: performance evaluation, kinetics, thermodynamics, and theoretical insights","authors":"Abdelhamid Addala, Moussa Boudiaf, Zahia Zizi, Kaouthar Ahmouda, Djamel Barani, Embarek Bentouhami, Maria Elektorowicz, Yacine Benguerba, Omar Ben Mya","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06822-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06822-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, sodium alginate (SA) and sodium alginate/graphene oxide (SA/GO) beads were used to remove copper ions (Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption experiments were conducted under optimized conditions: pH 5, a contact time of 240 min, an adsorbent dose of 2 g/L, and an initial Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ concentration of 100 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 83.33 mg/g for SA/GO beads. Thermodynamic studies indicated the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The SA/GO beads demonstrated enhanced copper removal efficiency compared to SA beads, with a removal efficiency of 93.5% at 200 mg/L Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ concentration. Computational studies, including density functional theory (DFT), confirmed strong interactions between Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ ions and the functional groups on the adsorbent surface. The novelty of this study lies in the synergistic effect of GO incorporation into SA beads, offering a promising and efficient approach for heavy metal removal from wastewater.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"25205 - 25222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-solid anaerobic acidification of cassava pulp in leach-bed reactors-inoculated with Clostridium butyricum-rich microbial consortiums and its prospective for biogas","authors":"Alifia Issabella Mulyawati, Benjaphon Suraraksa, Pawinee Chaiprasert","doi":"10.1007/s13399-025-06809-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13399-025-06809-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The leach-bed reactor (LBR) is known for its leachate-separation, avoiding the inhibition of anaerobic digestion (AD) caused by volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. Cassava pulp (CP) contains starch, leading to VFAs accumulation in high-solid AD. This study evaluates the performance of reactor-inoculated with original inoculum (Ro) and reactor-inoculated with improved enriched hydrolytic and acidogenic (EHA) (Ri) containing 19.37% and 45.50% <i>Clostridium butyricum</i>, in the AD of CP using LBRs and its leachate for biogas production. The Ri performed better than the Ro, degraded up to 78.61% VS of CP, and produced acetic, propionic, and butyric acids up to 5.14, 1.85, and 5.17 g. The key genus responsible for anaerobic acidification, <i>Clostridium butyricum</i>, can be maintained during fermentation. The VFAs-rich leachate from Ri was used as the feed to start-up the methanogenic reactor seeded with a syntrophic-methanogenic microbial consortium. The organic loading rate (OLR) was set from 0.5 to 3.0 gCOD/L/d. A high methane yield of 339 NmL/gCOD<sub>removed</sub> was obtained during the steady state. The microbial community in the methanogenic reactor revealed <i>Methanosarcina</i> dominancy over <i>Methanosaeta</i> as the acetoclastic methanogens at the highest OLR. As for hydrogenotrophic methanogen, <i>Methanobacterium</i> was dominating, suggesting symbiosis with syntrophic <i>Syntrophomonadaceae</i>, <i>Synergistaceae</i>, and <i>Anaerolineaceae</i>. This is a promising strategy for future biogas development.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":488,"journal":{"name":"Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery","volume":"15 18","pages":"24965 - 24980"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}