Archivos Espanoles De Urologia最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Pharmaceutical Services on Elderly Prostate Cancer: Drug-Related Problems, Disease Knowledge, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Satisfaction.","authors":"Xiaohua Zhang, Shaofeng Shao, Chongfeng Lin, Lin Hong","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-related problems (DRPs) are prevalent among older cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pharmaceutical services on DRP, disease knowledge, health-related quality of life, and satisfaction among older patients with prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data of 86 elderly patients with PCa admitted during June 2021-June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical application of the pharmacy service carried out in our hospital, including the incidence of DRP, knowledge of disease, health-related quality of life score, and satisfaction. The general content of pharmaceutical services is as follows: Arrange hospital pharmacists to directly participate in patient treatment, conduct drug reviews, identify DRPs, and discuss with prescribing doctors based on problems to optimize medication plans. At the same time, it provides disease knowledge education, medication consultation, and primary care guidance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At admission, 55 patients (63.95%) had DRP, with the most common classification being drug selection, with an incidence rate of 36.36% (20/55). At discharge, the proportion of DRP in patients receiving pharmaceutical services was lower than that in patients refusing pharmaceutical services, and the DRP status was better than that of patients refusing pharmaceutical services (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Patients who received pharmaceutical services had higher level of disease knowledge mastery (<i>p</i> < 0.001), Short-Form-36 (SF-36) score in some dimensions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and satisfaction (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those who refused pharmaceutical services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hospital pharmaceutical services can effectively reduce the occurrence of DRP during hospitalization of elderly patients with PCa, help them to acquire knowledge of the disease and health-related quality of life, and have high patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 3","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Nephrolithiasis: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Xiaoping Sun, Zhiping Wang, Minzhen Wang","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney stones are a prevalent urological issue globally, with risk factors like obesity, hypertension and metabolic disorders driving an increase in incidence rates. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterised by hypertension, obesity, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, has been increasingly linked to nephrolithiasis. This study investigates the association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis risk in a large Chinese cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 36,811 adults who underwent health screenings from 2018 to 2023 was analysed. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the influence of MetS and its components on nephrolithiasis risk. Stratified analyses examined variations by gender, age and renal function (glomerular filtration rate). Incidence density was calculated per 1000 person-years across follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 93,966 person-years of follow-up, 573 participants developed kidney stones, with a higher incidence in males. Individuals with MetS had a 60.5% increased nephrolithiasis risk (hazard ratio = 1.61). Obesity and hypertension were identified as significant risk factors, whereas hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia showed no clear association. Higher glomerular filtration rate, older age and male gender were correlated with increased risk amongst those with MetS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MetS, obesity and hypertension are independent predictors of nephrolithiasis, particularly in males. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to reduce kidney stone incidence in populations with high MetS prevalence, highlighting public health benefits in addressing modifiable metabolic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 3","pages":"334-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the EMT Markers SNAIL-SLUG and TWIST in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Adil Aziz Khan, Charanjeet Ahluwalia, Ridam Khurana, Sana Ahuja","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bladder cancer, primarily urothelial carcinoma, is an important global health issue given its high recurrence and poor prognosis. Tumour invasion into the muscularis propria is a crucial prognostic indicator, distinguishing muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) from non-muscle-invasive carcinoma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes tumour aggressiveness and metastasis and is marked by key transcription factors, such as SNAIL, SLUG and TWIST. This study investigates the association between the expression of EMT markers and histopathological features of bladder carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 36 newly diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma at a tertiary care centre. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess SNAIL-SLUG and TWIST expression. Scoring was performed on the basis of staining intensity and extent. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations amongst EMT markers, tumour grade, muscle invasion and clinical stage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIBC was present in 58.3% of cases, with 80.6% of cases having high-grade tumours. TWIST expression was significantly higher in MIBC (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) and high-grade tumours (<i>p</i> = 0.03), particularly in advanced T-stages, than in other tumours. SNAIL-SLUG expression was significantly associated with muscle invasion (<i>p</i> = 0.005) but not with tumour grade. EMT markers were not correlated with lymphovascular invasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated TWIST expression is correlated with high-grade and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, suggesting its prognostic importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 3","pages":"289-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Bioinformatics and Machine Learning to Identify Glucose Metabolism-Related Biomarkers with Diagnostic and Prognostic Value for Patients with Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Haonan Zhao, Zebin Shang, Yujie Sun","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucose metabolism plays a critical role in the development and progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). This study aimed to identify glucose metabolism-related biomarkers (GRBs) and therapeutic targets for KIRC diagnosis and prognosis using bioinformatics and machine learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, along with glucose metabolism-related genes from multiple sources, were analyzed. Differentially co-expressed glucose metabolism-related genes (DCGLGs) were identified through differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed on the DCGLGs. Machine learning algorithms identified GRBs, evaluated for diagnostic value via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Further analyses included enrichment, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity, clustering, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of GRBs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 884 glucose metabolism-related genes, 39 DCGLGs were identified. Ten GRBs were highlighted, all exhibiting high diagnostic value (area under the ROC curve (AUC) >0.85). GRBs were linked to immune cell infiltration, including endothelial cells and CD4+ T cells. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed significant correlations between Phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP) and multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Clustering based on GRBs stratified patients into two clusters, with cluster 2 showing poorer prognosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis validated the prognostic significance of GRBs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GRBs, including PFKP, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), and solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1), demonstrated strong diagnostic and prognostic potential. PFKP emerged as a key therapeutic target, offering novel insights into predictive and treatment strategies for KIRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 3","pages":"358-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Risk Factors for Postpartum Urinary Retention in Primipara: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Lu Lu, Yongxiu Zhang, Xuejia Lai, Shuangshuang Li","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257803.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postpartum urinary retention (PUR) poses a risk of uterine contraction issues and postpartum vaginal bleeding. This research sought to examine the factors associated with PUR in primiparous women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was case-control one involving all first-time mothers in our hospital between June 2022 and June 2024. The study cohort comprised 338 mothers with PUR, whereas the control cohort included 338 mothers without PUR. By conducting univariate analysis and logistic regression analyses, we identified the independent factors contributing to PUR in primiparous women. The discriminative ability of each risk factor, individually and in combination, in predicting the occurrence of PUR amongst first-time mothers was assessed through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate analysis results displayed notable variances between the observation and control groups concerning the percentage of patients receiving labour analgesia, the duration of the second stage of labour, the incidence of episiotomy, the utilization of forceps delivery, the occurrence of manual rotation of the foetal head, average self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, and numeric rating scale (NRS) score (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis unveiled that labour analgesia (OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.528 (1.070-2.317)), prolonged second stage of labour (OR (95% CI) = 1.022 (1.009-1.034)), undergoing episiotomy (OR (95% CI) = 1.609 (1.313-1.803)), using forceps delivery (OR (95% CI) = 1.499 (1.182-2.718)), and higher NRS scores (OR (95% CI) = 1.387 (1.181-2.201)) all emerged as significant independent risk factors for PUR in primiparas. ROC analysis demonstrated that the AUC for the individual and combined predictive capacities of factors for predicting PUR in primiparas were 0.583, 0.607, 0.574, 0.558, 0.571, and 0.896. The combined prediction method had notably superior efficacy compared with the individual prediction using each factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk of PUR in primiparas is closely associated with the receipt of labour analgesia, a prolonged second stage of labour, episiotomy, the use of forceps delivery, and higher NRS scores. For primiparas with the above high-risk factors, early intervention during pregnancy and the perinatal period should be considered to reduce the incidence of PUR.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 3","pages":"344-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the Severity of Sleep Apnea and of LUTS and Erectile Dysfunction.","authors":"Nihat Türkmen, Cemil Kutsal, Dilek Aslan Kutsal, Abdullah Hızır Yavuzsan, Eminegül Yavuzsan, Figen Banu Kireççi, Sinan Levent Kireççi","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.22","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to investigate the effect of the difference in apnoea severity on the degree of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Between March 2019 and June 2024, 81 patients diagnosed with OSA were included in the study. Polysomnography (PSG) reports were analysed, and patients were divided into three groups according to the apnoea-hypopnea index. PSG parameters were recorded. Patients were evaluated by urologic examination, ultrasonography, uroflowmetry and blood tests. Scales such as the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) related to urinary symptoms and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) were used for scoring. Intergroup comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, smoking, prostate-specific antigen and number of periodic leg movements per hour were not correlated with apnoea severity. Body mass index (BMI), prostate volume, minimum and maximum partial oxygen pressure, uroflowmetry parameters, IPSS, QoL, bladder wall thickness and IIEF score were correlated with OSA severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Determining the factors associated with the severity of sleep apnoea could provide insights into mitigating the adverse effects associated with OSA. Increased severity of OSA leads to increased severity of LUTS and ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal Biomarkers in Predicting Prostate and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Anil Eker, Mahmut Cinar, Muhammet Halil Dagasan, Onur Erdemoglu, Taha Cetin, Kagan Turker Akbaba, Serkan Yarimoglu, İbrahim Halil Bozkurt, Bulent Gunlusoy, Tansu Degirmenci, Serdar Celik","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.19","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in PCa suspicion but lacks specificity. Additional markers, such as PSA density, free:total PSA ratio and multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are employed. This study evaluated the role of hypothalamo-pituitary axis hormones and adrenal-derived androgens in predicting PCa and clinically significant PCa (csPCa).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 464 male patients scheduled for transrectal prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA or abnormal digital rectal examination findings. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of biopsy results: Group 1 (benign) and Group 2 (PCa). Prebiopsy levels of PSA, total testosterone (TTE), luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol (EST), prolactin (PRL), testosterone density (TTEd), PSA density (PSAd) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were examined. Patients were also categorised into three groups to assess csPCa: Group A (no malignancy or clinically insignificant PCa), Group B (csPCa) and Group C (clinically insignificant PCa).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 2 had significantly lower DHEAS levels (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and higher TTEd (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and PSAd (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels than Group 1. No significant differences were found in FSH, LH, EST, TTE and PRL levels between groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The comparison of patients with csPCa (Group B) with patients in other groups revealed that DHEAS (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels were significantly lower and PSAd (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was significantly higher in Group B than in other groups. DHEAS levels showed a negative correlation with age (r = -0.387, <i>p</i> < 0.05). In patients over 65 years of age, low DHEAS levels were significantly associated with csPCa (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum PSA alone is insufficient for PCa diagnosis. DHEAS and TTEd are useful in predicting PCa and csPCa. The decrease in DHEAS levels is associated with an increased risk of PCa and csPCa, suggesting its potential role as a marker in patient management. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"136-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Voiding in a Standing Position Cause Benign Prostate Hyperplasia?","authors":"Emre Aykanli, Abdullah Hizir Yavuzsan, Omer Buyuktepe, Vedat Altunok, Aysenur Balikci, Fatih Kocoglu, Mustafa Serkan Koncuk, Numan Atalay, Nihat Turkmen","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.16","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a common health problem amongst men worldwide. It has a multifactorial ethiology, and in some societies, urinating in a standing position is believed to cause BPH. Although the effect of urination position on voiding parameters has been extensively investigated, whether they have a role in the aetiology of BPH is not known.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The patients who had (n = 89) and had not ever used (n = 213) alpha-blockers were included in the study. All patients were divided into four groups in accordance with their past urination habits: Group 1 (I always pee in a standing position), group 2 (I mostly pee in a standing position), group 3 (I mostly pee in a sitting position) and group 4 (I always pee in a sitting position). The current uroflowmetry results, prostate volumes (PVs) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of the groups were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IPSSs of groups 1-4 (total n = 213) who had not used alpha-blockers before were 10 (9-16), 10 (7-14), 10 (7-14) and 10 (8-13) points, respectively; Their median PVs were 40, 35, 40 and 40 mL, respectively; And their average maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) values were 17 (12.7-20.5), 1.46 (11.1-20), 15 (12.4-18.9) and 15.6 (11.7-19.5) mL/s, respectively. No statistical difference was observed between the groups. Alpha-blockers were started in 104 patients who had not used alpha-blockers before in accordance with their clinical results. When these 104 patients who were started on alpha-blockers for the first time and 89 patients who were started on alpha-blockers before were examined together, the average ages of starting alpha-blockers were 59.9 ± 7.1, 60.5 ± 6.7, 59.6 ± 6.5 and 60.8 ± 6.7 years. No statistical difference was observed between the groups. Patients with and without clinical BPH were compared in terms of past urination habits. In both groups, the rates of patients who always or mostly urinated whilst sitting (60%-61%) and those of patients who always or mostly urinated whilst standing (39%-40%) were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This retrospective study showed that positional urination habits do not have a role in the aetiology of BPH. However, multicentre prospective studies with a larger patient population are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jing Cao","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.27","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis evaluates the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on advanced prostate cancer, assessing efficacy and safety profiles compared with non-ICI regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library for pertinent studies, including randomised controlled trials and nonrandomised controlled trials on immunotherapy for prostate cancer. R software was employed for meta-analysis to assess hazard ratios (HRs) for median survival, overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. Egger test, funnel plot analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the results. Heterogeneity sources were explored via meta-regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study included 19 studies with 3661 participants. Findings indicated no significant improvement in OS (HR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-1.18), progression-free survival (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.83-1.09) or response rates (PSA = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.08-0.18; ORR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.08-0.18), with substantial variation in outcomes (I² ≥60%). The rates of adverse events (AEs) varied, with notable incidences of Grade ≥3 reactions. The incidence rates for immune-related AEs were Grade ≥3 AEs, and all-grade AEs 0.37 (95% CI = 0.12-0.72, I² = 96%, <i>p</i> < 0.01), 0.90 (95% CI = 0.83-0.94, I² = 92%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and 0.38 (95% CI = 0.28-0.49, I² = 94%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). In the meta-regression analysis of confounding factors, only therapy was determined to be significant in PSA response rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ICI therapy exhibits potential efficacy in some patients with prostate cancer. However, its widespread application is limited by its uncertain efficacy and potential adverse reactions. Future research should focus on optimising patient selection through biomarkers and improving ICI treatment strategies to enhance efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"194-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Infection Control Management Mode for Preventing Catheter-Related Urinary Tract Infections in Intensive Care Units.","authors":"Yongzhen Mei, Meidi Yuan","doi":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.31","DOIUrl":"10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20257802.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explored an infection control management mode effect that prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in an intensive care unit (ICU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who received indwelling catheters from February 2020 to February 2022 in the ICU ward. Patients were categorised into two groups, including the study (implemented the infection control management model) and reference groups (received the usual clinical management protocols), based on different clinical management protocols. The CAUTI results at different moments of the patients' lives were examined, and the groups were compared in terms of CAUTI incidence, catheter retention time, Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit-24 (FS-ICU-24) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 102 patients were included in this study, with 48 and 54 allotted to the study and reference groups, respectively. No significant difference in the CAUTI control rate was found between the groups at 2 and 5 days (<i>p</i> > 0.05), whereas the CAUTI control rate at 7 days in the study group was significantly lower than that in the reference group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The FS-ICU-24 score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the reference group, whereas the APACHE-II score was significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The study group's catheter retention and ICU treatment times were significantly lower than those of the reference group (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The implementation of infection control management mode can effectively reduce the incidence of CAUTI in ICU patients, improve clinical satisfaction and shorten catheter retention time, and thus, it exhibits a certain clinical application value.</p>","PeriodicalId":48852,"journal":{"name":"Archivos Espanoles De Urologia","volume":"78 2","pages":"230-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}