European Journal for Philosophy of Science最新文献_第2页

Emerging into the rainforest: Emergence and special science ontology 进入雨林：涌现与特殊科学本体论

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00622-4

Alexander Franklin, Katie Robertson

{"title":"Emerging into the rainforest: Emergence and special science ontology","authors":"Alexander Franklin, Katie Robertson","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00622-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00622-4","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific realists don’t standardly discriminate between, say, biology and fundamental physics when deciding whether the evidence and explanatory power warrant the inclusion of new entities in our ontology. As such, scientific realists are committed to a lush rainforest of special science kinds (Ross, 2000). Viruses certainly inhabit this rainforest – their explanatory power is overwhelming – but viruses’ properties can be explained from the bottom up: reductive explanations involving amino acids are generally available. However, reduction has often been taken to lead to a metaphysical downgrading, so how can viruses keep their place in the rainforest? In this paper, we show how the inhabitants of the rainforest can be inoculated against the eliminative threat of reduction: by demonstrating that they are emergent. According to our account, emergence involves a screening off condition as well as novelty. We go on to demonstrate that this account of emergence, which is compatible with theoretical reducibility, satisfies common intuitions concerning what should and shouldn’t count as real: viruses are emergent, as are trout and turkeys, but philosophically gerrymandered objects like trout-turkeys do not qualify.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The quantum gravity seeds for laws of nature 量子引力为自然定律埋下了种子

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00626-0

Vincent Lam, Daniele Oriti

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Mapping the philosophy and neuroscience nexus through citation analysis 通过引文分析绘制哲学和神经科学的联系

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00621-5

Eugenio Petrovich, Marco Viola

{"title":"Mapping the philosophy and neuroscience nexus through citation analysis","authors":"Eugenio Petrovich, Marco Viola","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00621-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00621-5","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a quantitative analysis of the philosophy-neuroscience nexus using citation analysis. Combining bibliometric indicators of cross-field visibility with journal citation mapping techniques, we investigate four dimensions of the nexus: how the visibility of neuroscience in philosophy and of philosophy in neuroscience has changed over time, which areas of philosophy are more interested in neuroscience, which areas of neuroscience are more interested in philosophy, and how the trading zone between the two fields is configured. We also discuss two hypotheses: the supposed occurrence of a neuro-revolution in philosophy and the role of psychology as the disciplinary link between neuroscience and philosophy. Both the visibility of neuroscience in philosophy and the visibility of philosophy in neuroscience have increased significantly from 1980 to 2020, albeit the latter remains an order of magnitude lower than the former. Neuroscience is particularly visible in philosophy of mind, applied ethics, philosophy of science, but not in ‘core’ areas of analytic philosophy. Philosophy is particularly visible in cognitive and systems neuroscience and neuropsychiatry, but not in biomedical neuroscience. As for the trading zone between philosophy and neuroscience, our data show that it works differently in philosophy and in neuroscience. While some philosophy journals are active loci of bidirectional communication, neuroscience journals are divided between journals ‘importing’ philosophy in neuroscience and journals ‘exporting’ neuroscience to philosophy. Lastly, data do not support the hypothesis that a widespread neuro-revolution has transformed philosophy radically, but support the hypothesis that psychology functions as a mediating disciplinary link between philosophy and neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The epistemological significance of exploratory experimentation: A pragmatist model of how practices matter philosophically 探索性实验的认识论意义：实践如何具有哲学意义的实用主义模式

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00620-6

Pierre-Hugues Beauchemin, Kent W. Staley

引用次数: 0

Vigilant trust in scientific expertise 对科学知识的警惕信任

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00619-z

Hanna Metzen

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Underdetermination in classic and modern tests of general relativity 经典和现代广义相对论检验中的欠确定性

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00617-1

William J. Wolf, Marco Sanchioni, James Read

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What is it like to be unitarily reversed? 单位颠倒是什么感觉？

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00613-5

Peter W. Evans

{"title":"What is it like to be unitarily reversed?","authors":"Peter W. Evans","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00613-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00613-5","url":null,"abstract":"There has been in recent years a huge surge of interest in the so-called extended Wigner’s friend scenario (EWFS). In short, a series of theorems (with some variation in detail) puts pressure on the ability of different agents in the scenario to account for each of the others’ measured outcomes: the outcomes cannot be assigned single well-defined values while also satisfying other reasonable physical assumptions. These theorems have been interpreted as showing that there can be no absolute, third-person, ‘God’s eye’ description of our reality. The focus of this paper is the strongest of these no-go theorems, the ‘local friendliness’ theorem of Bong et al. (2020, Nature Physics, 16, 1199–1205), which gives earnest consideration to the possibility of a measurement that unitarily reverses an entire lab system, including a conscious agent, thereby erasing the agent’s memory. The purpose of this paper is to begin the philosophical conversation regarding key questions concerning this process: Are the events in the lab merely ‘erased’, or do they in some sense not exist at all? What would it be like to be unitarily reversed? Should an agent care about any experiences they have inside the lab before they are reversed? This analysis employs a parallel case of memory erasure, to which this case can be contrasted, arising in the context of drug-induced amnesia as a result of administering anaesthesia during medical procedures (Carbonell, 2014, Bioethics, 28(5), 245–254). I argue that the consequences of unitarily reversing an agent are much more dramatic than simply memory erasure—the set of events themselves, and the personal timeline of the agent, leave no record at all inside or outside the lab. I consider the ramifications of this for the picture of reality that arises from the EWFS.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research labs as distributed cognitive-cultural systems 作为分布式认知文化系统的研究实验室

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00618-0

Nancy J. Nersessian

{"title":"Research labs as distributed cognitive-cultural systems","authors":"Nancy J. Nersessian","doi":"10.1007/s13194-024-00618-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-024-00618-0","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists, either working alone or in groups, require rich cognitive, social, cultural, and material environments to accomplish their epistemic aims. There is research in the cognitive sciences that examines intelligent behavior as a function of the environment (“environmental perspectives”), which can be used to examine how scientists integrate “cognitive-cultural” resources as they create environments for problem-solving. In this paper, I advance the position that an expanded framework of distributed cognition can provide conceptual, analytical, and methodological tools to investigate how scientists enhance natural cognitive capacities by creating specific kinds of environments to address their epistemic goals. In a case study of a pioneering neuroengineering lab seeking to understand learning in living networks of neurons, I examine how the researchers integrated conceptual, methodological, and material resources from engineering, neuroscience, and computational science to create different kinds of distributed problem-solving environments that enhanced their natural cognitive capacities, for instance, for reasoning, visualization, abstraction, imagination, and memory, to attain their epistemic aims.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Separability and fundamentality 可分性和基本性

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00612-6

Claudio Calosi

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Ravens and Strawberries: Remarks on Hempel’s and Ramsey’s Accounts of laws and scientific explanation 乌鸦与草莓关于亨普尔和拉姆齐的定律和科学解释的评论

IF 1.5 1区哲学

European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-024-00605-5

Caterina Sisti

引用次数: 0