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Scientific understanding and the controversy over adaptationism in evolutionary biology 进化生物学中对适应论的科学认识与争论
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00788-z
Ludo L. J. Schoenmakers
{"title":"Scientific understanding and the controversy over adaptationism in evolutionary biology","authors":"Ludo L. J. Schoenmakers","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00788-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00788-z","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I show how explanatory and objectual scientific understanding can be used to explain the early 1980s controversy over adaptationism. In this controversy, criticasters of adaptationism argued that adaptationists put too much emphasis on organismal traits as adaptations resulting from natural selection. Defenders of adaptationism argued that anti-adaptationist arguments were largely based on misconceptions. Building on work in the epistemology of scientific understanding, I show how criticasters and defenders of adaptationism can be read as accusing each other of inferior scientific understanding and that these accusations were an important source of fuel for the debate. In the process, I will argue that the philosophical accounts of the adaptationist controversy that has been suggested so far have offered at best partial explanations of the controversy and that the understanding-based account presented here can serve a coordinating role with respect to these accounts.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Facts and values in (de)growth economics （非）增长经济学中的事实和价值
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00780-7
Michiru Nagatsu, Miles MacLeod
{"title":"Facts and values in (de)growth economics","authors":"Michiru Nagatsu, Miles MacLeod","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00780-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00780-7","url":null,"abstract":"The role of values in scientific contexts has become a large topic of discussion in philosophy and elsewhere. Climate economics, like many sustainability sciences, experiences stark divergences between different scientific perspectives on what the future will look like and how to best manage that future. Starkest amongst these are tensions between growth and degrowth perspectives. In this paper we suggest that these tensions are entangled with political and other non-epistemic values, such that <italic>value entrenchment</italic> underlies much science in this domain. This creates significant problems for policy-makers and the public trying to rely on scientific information. As a result some have suggested that scientists should accept the role of values, be transparent with them and trust that scientific methods can serve to de-bias approaches. However, evidence from cognitive science and studies of scientific integrity suggests that the formation of isolated value-laden bubbles is an undesirable state of affairs which undermines the integrity of all the scientific approaches involved. Instead we see importance in ensuring that approaches are not isolated but rather compelled to interact through institutional imperatives, adversarial collaboration and the development of common ground. There does need to be active reflection on values and biases. We consider how these might operate in the case of green growth and degrowth theories. In effect we will emphasize the importance of interdisciplinarity as necessary to manage the risks generated by value-entrenchment.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The philosophy of biolinguistics: a perspectival approach 生物语言学哲学：一种透视方法
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00777-2
Sergio Balari
{"title":"The philosophy of biolinguistics: a perspectival approach","authors":"Sergio Balari","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00777-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00777-2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I present a philosophical analysis of Biolinguistics, including a number of proposals that point in the direction of its recognition as a full-fledged discipline or, perhaps, an interfield theory. My approach shall be a perspectival one, both in the spirit of Michela Massimi’s perspectival realism, but also following William Wimsatt’s investigation of complexity, where perspectivism also plays a key role, sometimes overlapping Massimi’s view. In doing so, I will focus on what today may be considered to be the two mainstream frameworks within Biolinguistics, namely Chomsky’s Minimalist Program and Kirby’s culturalist approach, in order to illustrate how an analysis in terms of perspectives seems to better carve the geography of the issues than other proposals. This will allow me to identify a number of additional perspectives that may concern anyone interested in the biolinguistic enterprise, which I put forth here to complement, qualify and, in some cases, replace the traditional questions that have so far driven research in linguistics and biolinguistics.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is trust in science a good thing? 相信科学是件好事吗？
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00781-6
Torsten Wilholt
{"title":"Is trust in science a good thing?","authors":"Torsten Wilholt","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00781-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00781-6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses three different versions of the title question. First, it addresses the question of whether trust, as a special form of shaping interpersonal relationships of reliance, is the right form to aspire to in the case of the relationship of the public to science. Would it be better to strive for plain reliance? Second, when we talk about public trust in democratic politics, distrust is often considered at least as important as trust. Can this be applied to public trust in science? Or are there reasons that make distrust specifically problematic in the epistemic context? Third, while trust has been argued to be indispensable both within science and with regard to the reliance of the public on science, advocates of open science appear to consider this obsolete in light of the replicability debate and the intended changes to improve the odds for replications. Is substituting control for trust a viable path to epistemic improvement?","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conduits of confidence and doubt 信心和怀疑的通道
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00778-1
Tim Lewens
{"title":"Conduits of confidence and doubt","authors":"Tim Lewens","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00778-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00778-1","url":null,"abstract":"Oreskes and Conway’s (<xref ref-type=\"bibr\">2010</xref>) paradigmatic cases for agnotology show how misplaced doubt can be deliberately produced in the minds of one’s audience, even when everything one asserts is strictly true. This phenomenon is well captured by a Gricean framework that places stress on the ability to convey false implicatures via true utterances. This paper uses the Gricean framework to expose the possibility that misleading audience impressions may be predictably generated by false implicatures even when—in contrast to Oreskes and Conway’s central cases—no strategy of deliberate manipulation is in place. This structural aspect of agnotology is illustrated by the controversy over the hormone pregnancy test Primodos, and it brings with it suggestions for how to expose and combat these problems of miscalibrated epistemic attitudes.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond veridicality: examining storyline-based understanding in extreme event attribution 超越真实性：检验极端事件归因中基于故事情节的理解
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00768-3
Hernán Bobadilla
{"title":"Beyond veridicality: examining storyline-based understanding in extreme event attribution","authors":"Hernán Bobadilla","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00768-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00768-3","url":null,"abstract":"Climate scientists working in the field of extreme event attribution (EEA) have developed a “storyline” approach to the analysis of extreme weather and climate events. Despite its intended complementary role alongside traditional “risk-based” approaches, the storyline approach was initially met with reluctance and even harsh scepticism. The philosophy of scientific understanding can help elucidate this controversial episode, articulating the unique value of storyline-based understanding as a distinct but genuine form of scientific understanding. Conversely, philosophical debates on scientific understanding, especially concerning its relation to veridicality, can be reconsidered or extended in light of scientific practices dealing with deep uncertainty in EEA. This paper advances both endeavours and draws two main conclusions. First, both risk-based and storyline approaches typically resort to non-veridical representations, drawing on counterfactuals and idealizations, in qualitatively different ways. Moreover, storyline-based understanding is shown to qualify as genuine under both factivist and non-factivist criteria, standing on a par with risk-based understanding, despite their qualitative differences. Second, the EEA case reveals limitations in framing scientific understanding exclusively in terms of factivism and non-factivism, especially under conditions of deep uncertainty. In response, the paper introduces a “transfactive” account of scientific understanding grounded in the acceptance and fruitfulness of scientific representations.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A reappraisal of the function of episodic memory 情景记忆功能的重新评估
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00767-4
José Carlos Camillo
{"title":"A reappraisal of the function of episodic memory","authors":"José Carlos Camillo","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00767-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00767-4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defends the mnemonic hypothesis regarding the evolutionary function of episodic memory. According to this view, episodic memory evolved to accurately store and process information about particular past events in order to support its accurate retrieval. Crucially, this information includes the representation of spatiotemporal relations within and among these events. My analysis is grounded in an evolutionary notion of function, which I clarify at the beginning of the paper. I also discuss the types of evidence I will use to evaluate hypotheses about the evolutionary function of a cognitive system. In particular, I focus on four sources of evidence that are typically used in such evaluations: (1) causal-role functional analysis, (2) dysfunctional states, (3) reverse inference from optimality models, and (4) evidence against alternative hypotheses, which in this case are non-mnemonic hypotheses. I argue that the first three types of evidence converge in support of the mnemonic hypothesis. I then critically examine prominent competing accounts, including the imagining-the-future, the counterfactual-thought, the predictive processing, and the universal learning hypotheses. I argue that these alternatives are either inadequately supported by empirical data or are based on conceptual or methodological misunderstandings.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The curve-fitting problem revisited 曲线拟合问题再次出现
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00772-7
Oliver Buchholz
{"title":"The curve-fitting problem revisited","authors":"Oliver Buchholz","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00772-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00772-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The curve-fitting problem refers to the task of fitting a mathematical function to given observations. According to the standard analysis of the problem, this task involves a trade-off between simplicity and in-sample accuracy. Furthermore, when the goal is to use the fitted function for making predictions, simplicity and in-sample accuracy have to be balanced to avoid under- and overfitting and, thus, impeding the function’s predictive accuracy. This paper revisits the standard analysis of the curve-fitting problem in light of recent advances in statistics and machine learning. I show that applications of deep neural networks involve the curve-fitting problem for they are also concerned with fitting a mathematical function to given observations. Surprisingly, however, deep neural networks apparently undermine the standard analysis of the curve-fitting problem: they commonly exhibit high predictive accuracy without the need to actively balance simplicity and in-sample accuracy. I explore the implications of this phenomenon and argue that, nevertheless, the standard analysis of the curve-fitting problem can be saved under a suitable definition of simplicity. I also highlight how this renews the challenge to justify simplicity as a methodological norm in curve fitting.","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A processual account of scientific definitions 科学定义的过程描述
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00769-2
Sebastian Sander-Oest
{"title":"A processual account of scientific definitions","authors":"Sebastian Sander-Oest","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00769-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00769-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pursuitworthy data collection in the geosciences: from Peirce’s economy of research to targeted observation 在地球科学中追求有价值的数据收集：从皮尔斯的研究经济到有针对性的观察
IF 1.5 1区 哲学
European Journal for Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2026-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s13194-026-00771-8
Alisa Bokulich, Matthew Brewer
{"title":"Pursuitworthy data collection in the geosciences: from Peirce’s economy of research to targeted observation","authors":"Alisa Bokulich, Matthew Brewer","doi":"10.1007/s13194-026-00771-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-026-00771-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48832,"journal":{"name":"European Journal for Philosophy of Science","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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