Hong Kong Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Changes in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis in Hong Kong.","authors":"A C K Chan, S S Huang, K H Wong, C C Leung, M P Lee, T Y Tsang, W S Law, L B Tai","doi":"10.12809/hkmj2310683","DOIUrl":"10.12809/hkmj2310683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB) remains an important health challenge worldwide. Although TB prevalence has decreased in the general population, there is limited information regarding temporal trends in the incidence of HIV-associated TB in Hong Kong. There are also insufficient data regarding changes in clinical manifestation patterns among HIV-associated TB patients over time. This study aimed to describe temporal trends in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of HIV-associated TB in Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed data regarding HIV-associated TB patients that were reported to the TB-HIV Registry of the Department of Health during the period 2007 to 2020. Trends of TB as a primary acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness, as well as changes in demographic features and clinical manifestations of HIV-associated TB during this period were examined using Cochran-Armitage trend test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A decreasing trend was observed in the proportion of all reported cases of AIDS in which TB was a primary AIDS-defining illness during the study period. The proportions of female patients and patients with extrapulmonary involvement significantly increased, whereas the proportions of ever-smokers and patients with sputum smear positivity significantly decreased during the same period. A decreasing trend was observed in the proportion of patients with pulmonary TB in which the lower zone was the predominant site of lung parenchymal lesions. Among patients with a diagnosis of HIV infection before TB, an increasing trend was observed in the proportion of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Important temporal changes were observed in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of HIV-associated TB. These results highlight the need for continued surveillance regarding the patterns of demographic features and clinical manifestations to inform policymakers when planning control strategies for HIV-associated TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-discharge nurse-led interventions for reducing 30-day hospital readmissions: abridged secondary publication.","authors":"V C H Chung, E K Yeoh, S Y S Wong, C T Hung, H K Yip","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":"30 Suppl 5 4","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary use of dried blood spots from newborn screening.","authors":"C W M Leung, N S Cheng, T F Leung","doi":"10.12809/hkmj2411850","DOIUrl":"10.12809/hkmj2411850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and mortality of sepsis in Hong Kong between 2009 and 2018 based on electronic health records: abridged secondary publication.","authors":"L Ling, J Z Zhang, L C Chang, L C S Chiu, S Ho, P Y Ng, M Dharmangadan, C H Lau, S Ling, M Y Man, K M Fong, T Liong, A W T Yeung, G K F Au, J K H Chan, M Tang, Y Z Liu, W K K Wu, W T Wong, P Wu, B J Cowling, A Lee, C Rhee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":"30 Suppl 5 4","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial incentives to promote preventive care: abridged secondary publication.","authors":"J Lian, M K H Yap, S McGhee, J Liang, R Sum, M Ryan, Q Liao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":"30 Suppl 5 4","pages":"33-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home care programme for post-discharge older adults: abridged secondary publication.","authors":"E L Y Wong, M C Lau, C M Wu, F Fong, R Wong, H M Ma, C K Chim, V Tam, B H K Yip","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":"30 Suppl 5 4","pages":"30-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs of paediatric patients with life-limiting disease: abridged secondary publication.","authors":"F K Y Wong, J M C Ho, L P Y Lee, S C W Chan, S W Y Lee, C K Li, A C H Ho, K W Tsui, R C H Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":"30 Suppl 5 4","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision aids for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: abridged secondary publication.","authors":"B N K Choy, M M Zhu, W W T Lam, J W H Shum","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":"30 Suppl 5 4","pages":"14-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of overactive bladder: consensus statements from the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Geriatrics Society.","authors":"W K K Wong, R W M Kan, P S Lam, P M H Cheung, E Y L Cheng, T C T Pun, M W S Tang, C L H Leung, S W S Woo, T K Lo, P S K Chu, T N H Chan, P K F Chiu","doi":"10.12809/hkmj2310921","DOIUrl":"10.12809/hkmj2310921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common urological disease with a high prevalence in older adult populations. Antimuscarinic drugs have been the most common treatment for OAB for more than a decade, but their anticholinergic side-effects and potential impact on cognitive function among older patients are usually underestimated. This consensus aimed to provide practical recommendations concerning OAB management, with a particular emphasis on older patients. A joint consensus panel was formed by representatives of the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Geriatrics Society. Literature searches regarding OAB and its management were performed in PubMed and Ovid. Several working meetings were held to present and discuss available evidence, develop consensus statements, and vote for the statements. A modified Delphi method was used in this consensus process. To address questions regarding various aspects of OAB, 29 consensus statements were proposed covering the following areas: diagnosis, initial assessment, non-pharmacological treatments, considerations before administration of pharmacological treatments, various pharmacological treatments, combination therapy, and surgical treatment. Twenty-five consensus statements were accepted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"310-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycaemic control and microvascular complications among paediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Hong Kong at 2 years after diagnosis.","authors":"W I Yam, S M Y Wong, P T Cheung, E Y W Kwan, Y Y Lam, L M Wong, K L Ng, S W C Wong, C Y Lee, M K Tay, K T Chan, A C C Fu, J Y L Tung, G S W Pang, H C Yau, Q W S See, P W C Lo, S W Y To, H W Yuen, J Y K Chung, E W Y Wong, S W Y Poon, C H Y Lam, S S Y Chan, J H C Tsui, C S Y Chan, B W M But","doi":"10.12809/hkmj2210552","DOIUrl":"10.12809/hkmj2210552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly common among children and adolescents worldwide, including those in Hong Kong. This study analysed the characteristics and prevalence of microvascular complications among paediatric T2DM patients in Hong Kong at diagnosis and 2 years after diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients aged <18 years who had been diagnosed with DM at public hospitals in Hong Kong were recruited into the Hong Kong Childhood Diabetes Registry. Data collected at diagnosis and 2 years after diagnosis were retrospectively retrieved from the Registry for patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were 7.5% (n=203) at diagnosis and 6.5% (n=135) 2 years after diagnosis; 59.3% of patients achieved optimal glycaemic control (HbA1c level <7%) at 2 years. A higher HbA1c level at diagnosis was associated with worse glycaemic control at 2 years (correlation coefficient=0.39; P<0.001). The presence of dyslipidaemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=3.19; P=0.033) and fatty liver (aOR=2.50; P=0.021) at 2 years were associated with suboptimal glycaemic control. Diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy were rare in our cohort, but 18.6% of patients developed microalbuminuria (MA) within 2 years after diagnosis. Patients with MA had a higher HbA1c level at 2 years (median: 7.2% vs 6.4%; P=0.037). Hypertension was a risk factor for MA at 2 years, independent of glycaemic control (aOR=4.61; P=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the importance of early diagnosis and holistic management (including co-morbidity management) for paediatric T2DM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48828,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}