Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Information and library professionals' roles and responsibilities in an AI-augmented world","authors":"Gary Marchionini","doi":"10.1002/asi.24930","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 8","pages":"865-868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Howard-Harvard effect: Institutional reproduction of intersectional inequalities","authors":"Diego Kozlowski,&nbsp;Thema Monroe-White,&nbsp;Vincent Larivière,&nbsp;Cassidy R. Sugimoto","doi":"10.1002/asi.24931","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24931","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The production of research and faculty in the US higher education system is concentrated within a few institutions. Concentration of research and resources affects minoritized scholars and the topics with which they are disproportionately associated. This paper examines topical alignment between institutions and authors of varying intersectional identities, and the relationship between research topics and identities with institutional prestige and scientific impact. Our results show statistically significant differences between minoritized scholars and White men in citations and journal impact. The aggregate research profile of prestigious US universities is highly correlated with the research profile of White men, and negatively correlated with the research profile of minoritized women. Furthermore, authors affiliated with more prestigious institutions are associated with increasing inequalities in both citations and journal impact. These results suggest a relationship—which we coin as the Howard-Harvard effect—in which the topical profile of minoritized scholars is further marginalized in prestigious institutions as compared to mission-driven institutions. Academic institutions and funders should create policies to mitigate the systemic barriers that prevent the United States from achieving a fully robust scientific ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 8","pages":"869-882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141193395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handbook of digital inequality. By Eszter Hargittai (Ed.), Cheltenham: Elgar. 2021. pp. Xii, 386 (Elgar handbooks on inequality)","authors":"Gunilla Widén","doi":"10.1002/asi.24901","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 7","pages":"859-862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141102806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The myth of artificial intelligence: Why computers can't think the way we do. Erik J. Larson. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021. 320 pp. $29.95 (hardcover). (ISBN 9780674983519)","authors":"Andrew Cox","doi":"10.1002/asi.24903","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 9","pages":"1018-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging gaps in image meme research: A multidisciplinary paradigm for scaling up qualitative analyses","authors":"Mridula Mascarenhas,&nbsp;Daniel Ari Friedman,&nbsp;Richard J Cordes","doi":"10.1002/asi.24900","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24900","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper outlines a multidisciplinary framework (<i>Digital Rhetorical Ecosystem or DRE3</i>) for scaling up qualitative analyses of image memes. First, we make a case for applying rhetorical theory to examine image memes as quasi-arguments that promote claims on a variety of political and social issues. Next, we argue for integrating rhetorical analysis of image memes into an ecological framework to trace interaction and evolution of memetic claims as they coalesce into evidence ecosystems that inform public narratives. Finally, we apply a computational framework to address the particular problem of claim identification in memes at large scales. Our integrated framework answers the recent call in information studies to highlight the social, political, and cultural attributes of information phenomena, and bridges the divide between small-scale qualitative analyses and large-scale computational analyses of image memes. We present this theoretical framework to guide the development of research questions, processes, and computational architecture to study the widespread and powerful influence of image memes in shaping consequential public beliefs and sentiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 10","pages":"1087-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstractions and embodiments: New histories of computing and society. By Janet Abbate, Stephanie Dick (Eds.), Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2022. pp. 472. $39.95 (softcover). ISBN: 9781421444376","authors":"Tim Gorichanaz","doi":"10.1002/asi.24902","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 8","pages":"932-933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A literature review of user privacy concerns in conversational chatbots: A social informatics approach: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper","authors":"Ece Gumusel","doi":"10.1002/asi.24898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24898","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction of OpenAI's ChatGPT‐3 in late 2022, conversational chatbots have gained significant popularity. These chatbots are designed to offer a user‐friendly interface for individuals to engage with technology using natural language in their daily interactions. However, these interactions raise user privacy concerns due to the data shared and the potential for misuse in these conversational information exchanges. Furthermore, there are no overarching laws and regulations governing such conversational interfaces in the United States. Thus, there is a need to investigate the user privacy concerns. To understand these concerns in the existing literature, this paper presents a literature review and analysis of 38 papers out of 894 retrieved papers that focus on user privacy concerns arising from interactions with text‐based conversational chatbots through the lens of social informatics. The review indicates that the primary user privacy concern that has consistently been addressed is self‐disclosure. This review contributes to the broader understanding of privacy concerns regarding chatbots the need for further exploration in this domain. As these chatbots continue to evolve, this paper acts as a foundation for future research endeavors and informs potential regulatory frameworks to safeguard user privacy in an increasingly digitized world.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140929381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screenshotting partial perspectives: The case of Danish mink in Google search results","authors":"Renée Ridgway","doi":"10.1002/asi.24892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24892","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Google has become an “increasing invisible information infrastructure” that “organizes the world's information,” simultaneously shaping and organizing users through “ubiquitous googling” with keywords as a daily habit of new media. However, there is limited knowledge about how Google ranks information, intervenes, and the veracity of its search results. How can they be captured, analyzed, and understood in regard to search ecosystems? This article addresses these questions through a digital ethnography with a group of students as an “experiment in living” that investigates whether individuals receive so-called “personalized” search results with the keyword “mink.” The method of screenshotting makes permanent the top results, which can then be compared, offering a “partial perspective” as “situated knowledge.” Building on previous empirical search studies using screenshotting, an analysis demonstrates that similar search results are obtained due to Google's recent tendency for “social relevance” and not individual “user relevance.” Students were sorted and grouped into categories of others “like them,” in this case dependent on a static university Internet Protocol address. This educational intervention contributes to screenshotting literature and feminist STS by introducing a method that empowers citizen agency, thereby contributing to developing strategies for generating more democratic, inclusive, and healthier information ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 10","pages":"1104-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sneaked references: Fabricated reference metadata distort citation counts","authors":"Lonni Besançon,&nbsp;Guillaume Cabanac,&nbsp;Cyril Labbé,&nbsp;Alexander Magazinov","doi":"10.1002/asi.24896","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24896","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report evidence of an undocumented method to manipulate citation counts involving “sneaked” references. Sneaked references are registered as metadata for published scientific articles in which they do not appear. This manipulation exploits trusted relationships between various actors: publishers, the Crossref metadata registration agency, digital libraries, and bibliometric platforms. By collecting metadata from various sources, we show that extra undue references are actually sneaked in at Digital Object Identifier (DOI) registration time, resulting in artificially inflated citation counts. As a case study, focusing on three journals from a given publisher, we identified at least 9% sneaked references (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>5978</mn>\u0000 <mo>⁄</mo>\u0000 <mn>65</mn>\u0000 <mo>,</mo>\u0000 <mn>836</mn>\u0000 </mrow></math>) mainly benefiting two authors. Despite not being present in the published articles, these sneaked references exist in metadata registries and inappropriately propagate to bibliometric dashboards. Furthermore, we discovered “lost” references: the studied bibliometric platform failed to index at least 56% (<span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>36,939</mn>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mn>65,836</mn>\u0000 </mrow></math>) of the references present in the HTML version of the publications. This research led to an investigation by Crossref (confirming our findings) and to subsequent corrective actions. The extent of the distortion—due to sneaked and lost references—in the global literature remains unknown and requires further investigations. Bibliometric platforms producing citation counts should identify, quantify, and correct these flaws to provide accurate data to their patrons and prevent further citation gaming.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 12","pages":"1368-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusive global scholarly communication: Toward a just and healthier information ecosystem","authors":"Angel Y. Ford,&nbsp;Daniel G. Alemneh","doi":"10.1002/asi.24899","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholarly communication has long been a central topic in the field of information science. However, philosophical, and even perhaps some legal reflections, including the moral and ethical considerations of the health of information ecosystems, are fairly recent developments. In fact, recent topics are propelled by various contextual factors including economic, disciplinary, societal norms, and cultures. This article explores literature discussing the plight of scholars in low- and middle-income countries that struggle to engage in scholarly communications in their fields. This topic has been explored for years, however, has often been addressed in disciplines outside of information science and knowledge management. This study posits that critical investigations lift this issue to one of justice and suggest a new critical lens that would rely on several existing lenses, including those developed to expand epistemic injustice, as well as exploring areas and perspectives that have not yet found their way into the mainstream literature. The analysis provides alternative approaches and discourse around the democratization of scholarly communications, all toward achieving a just and healthier global information ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 10","pages":"1058-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}