{"title":"Will sentiment analysis need subculture? A new data augmentation approach","authors":"Zhenhua Wang, Simin He, Guang Xu, Ming Ren","doi":"10.1002/asi.24872","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24872","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nowadays, the omnipresence of the Internet has fostered a subculture that congregates around the contemporary milieu. The subculture artfully articulates the intricacies of human feelings by ardently pursuing the allure of novelty, a fact that cannot be disregarded in the sentiment analysis. This paper aims to enrich data through the lens of subculture, to address the insufficient training data faced by sentiment analysis. To this end, a new approach of subculture-based data augmentation (SCDA) is proposed, which engenders enhanced texts for each training text by leveraging the creation of specific subcultural expression generators. The extensive experiments attest to the effectiveness and potential of SCDA. The results also shed light on the phenomenon that disparate subcultural expressions elicit varying degrees of sentiment stimulation. Moreover, an intriguing conjecture arises, suggesting the linear reversibility of certain subcultural expressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 6","pages":"655-670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139562319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information shaping","authors":"Ian Ruthven","doi":"10.1002/asi.24871","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24871","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, I explore the relationships between how humans have evolved to interact with the material world and how we interact with our information worlds. I argue that shaping processes, exemplified by how early humans created stone tools, are core ways to interact with the world that are appropriated to interact with information to create information solutions. To test these claims, I examine existing studies of information use from a shaping perspective. I finish by discussing how this evolutionary perspective to information use can benefit discussions of information behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 4","pages":"469-482"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24871","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information sculpting","authors":"Ian Ruthven","doi":"10.1002/asi.24864","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24864","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, I propose sculpting as an analogy for information use. I provide a background to the use of metaphors and analogies in Information Science, propose five analogical mappings between sculpting and information use, and then discuss the benefits to this analogy for thinking about how we use information.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 4","pages":"483-495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139498925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deen Freelon, Meredith L. Pruden, Daniel Malmer, Qunfang Wu, Yiping Xia, Daniel Johnson, Emily Chen, Andrew Crist
{"title":"What's in your PIE? Understanding the contents of personalized information environments with PIEGraph","authors":"Deen Freelon, Meredith L. Pruden, Daniel Malmer, Qunfang Wu, Yiping Xia, Daniel Johnson, Emily Chen, Andrew Crist","doi":"10.1002/asi.24869","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24869","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social media have long been studied from <i>platform-centric</i> perspectives, which entail sampling messages based on criteria such as keywords and specific accounts. In contrast, <i>user-centric</i> approaches attempt to reconstruct the personalized information environments users create for themselves. Most user-centric studies analyze what users have accessed directly through browsers (e.g., through clicks) rather than what they may have seen in their social media feeds. This study introduces a data collection system of our own design called PIEGraph that links survey data with posts collected from participants' personalized X (formerly known as Twitter) timelines. Thus, in contrast with previous research, our data include much more than what users decide to click on. We measure the total amount of data in our participants' respective feeds and conduct descriptive and inferential analyses of three other quantities of interest: political content, ideological skew, and fact quality ratings. Our results are relevant to ongoing debates about digital echo chambers, misinformation, and conspiracy theories; and our general methodological approach could be applied to social media beyond X/Twitter contingent on data availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 10","pages":"1119-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phenomenon-based classification: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper","authors":"Claudio Gnoli, Richard P. Smiraglia, Rick Szostak","doi":"10.1002/asi.24865","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24865","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While bibliographic classifications are traditionally based on disciplines, the logical alternative is phenomenon-based classification. Although not prevalent, this approach has been explored in the 20th century by J.D. Brown, the Classification Research Group, and others. Its principles have been stated in the León Manifesto (2007) and are currently represented by such general schemes as the Basic Concepts Classification and the Integrative Levels Classification. A phenomenon-based classification lists classes of phenomena, including things and processes irrespective of the discipline studying them (which can optionally be specified as an additional facet). Facets can work in a phenomenon-based system much as in a disciplinary one. This kind of system will promote the identification of potential relationships between research in different disciplines, and will especially benefit interdisciplinary work. The paper reviews the theory, history, structure, advantages, applications, and evaluation of phenomenon-based classification systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 3","pages":"324-343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Socio-technical issues in the platform-mediated gig economy: A systematic literature review: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper","authors":"Meredith Dedema, Howard Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1002/asi.24868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The gig economy and gig work have grown quickly in recent years and have drawn much attention from researchers in different fields. Because the platform mediated gig economy is a relatively new phenomenon, studies have produced a range of interesting findings; of interest here are the socio-technical issues that this work has surfaced. This systematic literature review (SLR) provides a snapshot of a range of socio-technical issues raised in the last 12 years of literature focused on the platform mediated gig economy. Based on a sample of 515 papers gathered from nine databases in multiple disciplines, 132 were coded that specifically studied the gig economy, gig work, and gig workers. Three main socio-technical themes were identified: (1) the digital workplace, which includes information infrastructure and digital labor that are related to the nature of gig work and the user agency; (2) algorithmic management, which includes platform governance, performance management, information asymmetry, power asymmetry, and system manipulation, relying on a diverse set of technological tools including algorithms and big data analytics; (3) ethical design, as a relevant value set that gig workers expect from the platform, which includes trust, fairness, equality, privacy, and transparency. A social informatics perspective is used to rethink the relationship between gig workers and platforms, extract the socio-technical issues noted in prior research, and discuss the underexplored aspects of the platform mediated gig economy. The results draw attention to understudied yet critically important socio-technical issues in the gig economy that suggest short- and long-term opportunities for future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 3","pages":"344-374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139414796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alt-health influencers and the threat of social media deplatforming","authors":"Melissa Zimdars","doi":"10.1002/asi.24870","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The threat of deplatforming as a content moderation strategy works to reduce harmful anti-vaccine content and health mis/disinformation on particular social media platforms. However, through an analysis of alt-health influencers, I show how the perpetual threat of being deplatformed allows them to strategically grow their audiences while funneling users to fringe platforms where the alt-health influencers share anti-vaccine and extremist content. Alt-health influencers are thus able to “launder” their reputations and their content through mainstream social media platforms, acting in accordance with each platform's specific content moderation policies, while persuasively deploying “deep stories” and developing parasocial relationships across mainstream and fringe platforms, building an alt-health influence network across platforms, and using threats of “censorship” on one platform to sell and legitimize their statuses as truth-tellers and informational authorities on another. The threat of deplatforming aids in the spreading of health mis/disinformation across social media platforms, demonstrating the necessity of addressing well-known alt-health influencers who are detrimental to the health of the overall information ecosystem through decisive, consistent, and multi-platform-coordinated deplatforming.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 10","pages":"1216-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“He looks very real”: Media, knowledge, and search-based strategies for deepfake identification","authors":"Dion Hoe-Lian Goh","doi":"10.1002/asi.24867","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24867","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deepfakes are a potential source of disinformation and the ability to detect them is imperative. While research focused on algorithmic detection methods, there is little work conducted on how people identify deepfakes. This research attempts to fill this gap. Using semi-structured interviews, participants were asked to identify real and deepfake videos and explain how their decisions were made. Three categories of deepfake identification strategies emerged: the use of surface video and audio cues, processing of the messages conveyed in the video, and the searching of external sources. Participants often used multiple strategies within each category. However, identification challenges occurred due to participants' preconceived notions of deepfake characteristics and the message embodied in the video. This work contributes to research by shifting the focus from the algorithmic detection of deepfakes to human-oriented strategies. Practically, the findings provide guidance on how people can identify deepfakes, which can also form the basis for the development of educational materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 6","pages":"643-654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noora Hirvonen, Ville Jylhä, Yucong Lao, Stefan Larsson
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in the information ecosystem: Affordances for everyday information seeking","authors":"Noora Hirvonen, Ville Jylhä, Yucong Lao, Stefan Larsson","doi":"10.1002/asi.24860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24860","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this conceptual article, we argue that artificial intelligence (AI) systems are contributing to the generation of an environment of affordances for everyday information practices through which they exert influence on people and the planet in ways that often are left unrecognized. We illustrate our insights by focusing on the practices of information seeking in everyday life, suggesting that the affordances of AI systems integrated into search engines, social media platforms, streaming services, and media generation, shape such practices in ways that may, paradoxically, result both in the increase and reduction of diversity of and access to information. We discuss the potential implications of these developments in terms of the sustainability of information ecosystems and suggest solutions for addressing them through regulation and education. Drawing from the fields of library and information science and science and technology studies and research on affordances, everyday information practices, and sustainability, the article seeks to respond to the need for more nuanced theoretical insights on the impact and implications of AI on information practices and to develop conceptual tools with which to examine the co-evolution of humans and information systems from a systemic perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 10","pages":"1152-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesse David Dinneen, Maja Krtalić, Nilou Davoudi, Helene Hellmich, Catharina Ochsner, Paulina Bressel
{"title":"Information science and the inevitable: A literature review at the intersection of death and information management: An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper","authors":"Jesse David Dinneen, Maja Krtalić, Nilou Davoudi, Helene Hellmich, Catharina Ochsner, Paulina Bressel","doi":"10.1002/asi.24861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Death is an inevitable part of life and highly relevant to information management: its approach often requires preparation, and its occurrence often demands a response. Many works in information science have acknowledged so much, and yet death is rarely a focused topic, appearing instead sporadically and disconnected across research. As a result there is no introduction to, overview of, or synthesis across studies on death and information. We therefore conducted an extensive literature search and reviewed nearly 300 scholarly publications at the intersection of death and information (and data) management. Covering seven topics in total, we review two groups of work directly engaging information management in relation to death (digital possessions, inheritance, and legacy; information behavior, needs, and practices around death), three engaging death and technology that require information and its management (death and the Internet, thanatosensitive design and technology-augmented death practices, and the digital afterlife and digital immortality), and two reflecting the ethical and legal dimensions unique to death and information. We then integrate the collective findings to summarize the landscape of death-related information research, outline remaining challenges for individuals, families, institutions, and society, and identify promising directions for future information science research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":"75 3","pages":"268-297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}