Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology最新文献_第10页

Description: Its meaning, epistemology, and use with emphasis on information science 内容简介其含义、认识论和使用，重点是信息科学

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24834

Birger Hjørland

{"title":"Description: Its meaning, epistemology, and use with emphasis on information science","authors":"Birger Hjørland","doi":"10.1002/asi.24834","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24834","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the concept of “description” and its theoretical foundations. The literature about it is surprisingly limited, and its usage is vague, sometimes even conflicting. Description should be considered in relation to other processes, such as representation, data capturing, and categorizing, which raises the question about what it means to describe something. Description is often used for any type of predication but may better be limited to predications based on observations. Research aims to establish criteria for making optimal descriptions; however, the problems involved in describing something have seldom been addressed. Specific ideals are often followed without examine their fruitfulness. This study provides evidence that description cannot be a neutral, objective activity; rather, it is a theory-laden and interest-based activity. In information science, description occurs in processes such as document description, descriptive metadata assignment, and information resource description. In this field, description has equally been used in conflicting ways that mostly do not evince a recognition of the value- and theory-laden nature of descriptions. It is argued that descriptive activities in information science should always be based on consciously explicit considerations of the goals that descriptions are meant to serve.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards improving user awareness of search engine biases: A participatory design approach 提高用户对搜索引擎偏见的认识：参与式设计方法

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24826

Monica Lestari Paramita, Maria Kasinidou, Styliani Kleanthous, Paolo Rosso, Tsvi Kuflik, Frank Hopfgartner

{"title":"Towards improving user awareness of search engine biases: A participatory design approach","authors":"Monica Lestari Paramita, Maria Kasinidou, Styliani Kleanthous, Paolo Rosso, Tsvi Kuflik, Frank Hopfgartner","doi":"10.1002/asi.24826","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24826","url":null,"abstract":"Bias in news search engines has been shown to influence users' perceptions of a news topic and contribute to the polarisation of society. As a result, there is a need for news search engines that increase user awareness of biases in the search results. While technical approaches have been developed to mitigate biases in search, very few studies have investigated user preferences in interface designs for potentially raising their awareness of biases in news search engines. In this study, we utilized a participatory design methodology to develop eight prototypes with different features that could potentially be used to raise user awareness of biases in news search engines. We conducted three user studies, involving 132 participants with Computer Science backgrounds, to evaluate these prototypes. Our findings indicate the importance of news search engines that (a) inform users of possible biases in the results (bias visualization approach) and (b) allow users to access alternative search results (results-reranking approach). Our study provides further insights into the strengths and possible risks of each approach, which are important for future research on designing interfaces for raising user awareness of biases in news search engines.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoting data use through understanding user behaviors: A model for human open government data interaction 通过理解用户行为促进数据使用：人类开放政府数据交互的模型

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24831

Fanghui Xiao, Yu Chi, Daqing He

引用次数: 0

Do you see what I see? Measuring the semantic differences in image-recognition services' outputs 你看到我看到的了吗?测量图像识别服务输出的语义差异

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24827

Anton Berg, Matti Nelimarkka

{"title":"Do you see what I see? Measuring the semantic differences in image-recognition services' outputs","authors":"Anton Berg, Matti Nelimarkka","doi":"10.1002/asi.24827","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24827","url":null,"abstract":"As scholars increasingly undertake large-scale analysis of visual materials, advanced computational tools show promise for informing that process. One technique in the toolbox is image recognition, made readily accessible via Google Vision AI, Microsoft Azure Computer Vision, and Amazon's Rekognition service. However, concerns about such issues as bias factors and low reliability have led to warnings against research employing it. A systematic study of cross-service label agreement concretized such issues: using eight datasets, spanning professionally produced and user-generated images, the work showed that image-recognition services disagree on the most suitable labels for images. Beyond supporting caveats expressed in prior literature, the report articulates two mitigation strategies, both involving the use of multiple image-recognition services: Highly explorative research could include all the labels, accepting noisier but less restrictive analysis output. Alternatively, scholars may employ word-embedding-based approaches to identify concepts that are similar enough for their purposes, then focus on those labels filtered in.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asi.24827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45107685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtuous search: A framework for intellectual virtue in online search 美德搜索:网络搜索中智力美德的框架

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24832

Tim Gorichanaz

引用次数: 0

Shaping information and knowledge on climate change technologies: A cross-country qualitative analysis of carbon capture and storage results on Google search 气候变化技术信息和知识的形成:基于谷歌搜索的碳捕集与封存结果的跨国定性分析

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24828

Jussara Rowland, Sergi López-Asensio, Ataberk Bagci, Ana Delicado, Ana Prades

{"title":"Shaping information and knowledge on climate change technologies: A cross-country qualitative analysis of carbon capture and storage results on Google search","authors":"Jussara Rowland, Sergi López-Asensio, Ataberk Bagci, Ana Delicado, Ana Prades","doi":"10.1002/asi.24828","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24828","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial search engines play a central role in shaping, defining, and promoting the information people have access to in contemporary societies. This is particularly true when it comes to emergent technologies, for which there is often limited available information in legacy media and other sources, thus having a strong bearing on public perceptions. In this article, we focus on how the Google search engine promotes information on carbon capture and storage (CCS). We explore how Google's ranking parameters and interface shape the information people access when searching for CCS through a qualitative analysis comparing the results in three countries (France, Spain, and Portugal). We focus on the content of the first search engine result pages (SERP) and consider both Google's ranking criteria and the content and format of promoted sources. The study reveals Google's influence in highlighting Wikipedia pages, Q&A-formatted sources, and prioritizing online specialized media and private corporations. Additionally, we observe country-specific variations in terms of actors and types of content, reflecting the level of interest and investment in the topic at the national level. These findings underscore the significant role of search engine mediations in shaping public perceptions and knowledge about emergent climate change technologies.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44395450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who tweets scientific publications? A large-scale study of tweeting audiences in all areas of research 谁在推特上发布科学出版物？在所有研究领域对推特受众的大规模研究

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24830

Lin Zhang, Zhenyu Gou, Zhichao Fang, Gunnar Sivertsen, Ying Huang

{"title":"Who tweets scientific publications? A large-scale study of tweeting audiences in all areas of research","authors":"Lin Zhang, Zhenyu Gou, Zhichao Fang, Gunnar Sivertsen, Ying Huang","doi":"10.1002/asi.24830","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24830","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity of tweets about scientific publications as an indicator of societal impact by measuring the degree to which the publications are tweeted beyond academia. We introduce methods that allow for using a much larger and broader data set than in previous validation studies. It covers all areas of research and includes almost 40 million tweets by 2.5 million unique tweeters mentioning almost 4 million scientific publications. We find that, although half of the tweeters are external to academia, most of the tweets are from within academia, and most of the external tweets are responses to original tweets within academia. Only half of the tweeted publications are tweeted outside of academia. We conclude that, in general, the tweeting of scientific publications is not a valid indicator of the societal impact of research. However, publications that continue being tweeted after a few days represent recent scientific achievements that catch attention in society. These publications occur more often in the health sciences and in the social sciences and humanities.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46969828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Towards indicating interdisciplinarity: Characterizing interdisciplinary knowledge flow 走向表明跨学科性：描述跨学科知识流

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24829

Hongyu Zhou, Raf Guns, Tim C. E. Engels

{"title":"Towards indicating interdisciplinarity: Characterizing interdisciplinary knowledge flow","authors":"Hongyu Zhou, Raf Guns, Tim C. E. Engels","doi":"10.1002/asi.24829","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24829","url":null,"abstract":"This study contributes to the recent discussions on indicating interdisciplinarity, that is, going beyond catch-all metrics of interdisciplinarity. We propose a contextual framework to improve the granularity and usability of the existing methodology for interdisciplinary knowledge flow (IKF) in which scientific disciplines import and export knowledge from/to other disciplines. To characterize the knowledge exchange between disciplines, we recognize three aspects of IKF under this framework, namely broadness, intensity, and homogeneity. We show how to utilize them to uncover different forms of interdisciplinarity, especially between disciplines with the largest volume of IKF. We apply this framework in two use cases, one at the level of disciplines and one at the level of journals, to show how it can offer a more holistic and detailed viewpoint on the interdisciplinarity of scientific entities than aggregated and context-unaware indicators. We further compare our proposed framework, an indicating process, with established indicators and discuss how such information tools on interdisciplinarity can assist science policy practices such as performance-based research funding systems and panel-based peer review processes.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41746602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PIM as a caring: Using ethics of care to explore personal information management as a caring process PIM作为一种关怀:使用关怀伦理来探索作为关怀过程的个人信息管理

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24824

Amber L. Cushing

引用次数: 0

Dataset versus reality: Understanding model performance from the perspective of information need 数据集与现实：从信息需求的角度理解模型性能

IF 3.5 2区管理学

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI: 10.1002/asi.24825

Mengying Yu, Aixin Sun

{"title":"Dataset versus reality: Understanding model performance from the perspective of information need","authors":"Mengying Yu, Aixin Sun","doi":"10.1002/asi.24825","DOIUrl":"10.1002/asi.24825","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning technologies have brought us many models that outperform human beings on a few benchmarks. An interesting question is: can these models well solve real-world problems with similar settings (e.g., identical input/output) to the benchmark datasets? We argue that a model is trained to answer the same information need in a similar context (e.g., the information available), for which the training dataset is created. The trained model may be used to solve real-world problems for a similar information need in a similar context. However, information need is independent of the format of dataset input/output. Although some datasets may share high structural similarities, they may represent different research tasks aiming for answering different information needs. Examples are question–answer pairs for the question answering (QA) task, and image-caption pairs for the image captioning (IC) task. In this paper, we use the QA task and IC task as two case studies and compare their widely used benchmark datasets. From the perspective of information need in the context of information retrieval, we show the differences in the dataset creation processes and the differences in morphosyntactic properties between datasets. The differences in these datasets can be attributed to the different information needs and contexts of the specific research tasks. We encourage all researchers to consider the information need perspective of a research task when selecting the appropriate datasets to train a model. Likewise, while creating a dataset, researchers may also incorporate the information need perspective as a factor to determine the degree to which the dataset accurately reflects the real-world problem or the research task they intend to tackle.","PeriodicalId":48810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46862344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2