Journal of Sensors最新文献

Energy-Efficient and Resilient Secure Routing in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks with Transceiver Noises: EcoSecNet Design and Analysis 具有收发器噪声的能量收集无线传感器网络中的高能效和弹性安全路由：EcoSecNet 设计与分析

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3570302

Mushtaq Muhammad Umer, Jiang Hong, Owais Muhammad, Fuad A. Awwad, Emad A. A. Ismail

{"title":"Energy-Efficient and Resilient Secure Routing in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks with Transceiver Noises: EcoSecNet Design and Analysis","authors":"Mushtaq Muhammad Umer, Jiang Hong, Owais Muhammad, Fuad A. Awwad, Emad A. A. Ismail","doi":"10.1155/2024/3570302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3570302","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) using energy-harvesting-based physical layer security (PLS) appears to be a promising way to meet information security and energy efficiency goals at the same time. PLS uses energy harvesting (EH) features to protect data while transmitting. This eliminates the need for traditional upper-layer data encryption. However, this method introduces new challenges, particularly in scenarios where potential adversaries can intercept sensitive information through network relays. When it comes to multihop, multipath cooperative EH-WSNs, it becomes even more complicated to optimize transmit power for EH while reducing eavesdropping risk. In this study, three routing protocols, direct route designation (DRD), casual route designation (CRD), and superlative route designation (SRD) are presented. The protocols will improve multihop, multipath cooperative EH-WSNs’ security in the presence of eavesdroppers as well as noises at the transceiver. In this framework, both source nodes and relay nodes use power-beaming techniques to make their data transmission operations easier. This study goes beyond the protocol recommendations by presenting comprehensive closed-form formulas and asymptotic outage probability analysis for each protocol under various eavesdropping attack scenarios, i.e., coordination and noncoordination of eavesdroppers. According to simulation data, the suggested SRD protocol outperforms the CRD and DRD protocols by 19% and 25%, respectively, when eavesdroppers are not coordinating. The suggested SRD protocol outperforms the CRD and DRD protocols by 28% and 32%, respectively, in terms of eavesdropper coordination.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Passive Wireless Smart Washer for Locking Force Monitoring on the Orthopedic Pedicle Screw 用于监测骨科椎弓根螺钉锁定力的无源无线智能垫圈

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6690983

Che-Fu Liu, Tze-Hong Wong, Hsin-Chuan Wang, Asher Sun, Wensyang Hsu

{"title":"A Passive Wireless Smart Washer for Locking Force Monitoring on the Orthopedic Pedicle Screw","authors":"Che-Fu Liu, Tze-Hong Wong, Hsin-Chuan Wang, Asher Sun, Wensyang Hsu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6690983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6690983","url":null,"abstract":"A pedicle screw is a component for fixation in spine fusion surgery, often for patients with osteoporosis. Spine fusion condition highly depends on whether the pedicle screw is tightly fixed on spine, if not, spine fusion will not work properly. After the surgery, the first 3 months is the most crucial period, and bone healing situation cannot be shown through X-ray before the first radiologic images taken around the sixth week. Therefore, it is helpful to have a nonradiative method to monitor the locking force of the pedicle screw after surgery, especially during the early stage. Here a passive wireless force sensor is developed for monitoring the locking force of the pedicle screw, as we call it a smart washer. By integrating a capacitive ring-shape force sensor with an inductor, a passive LC sensor can be built by measuring the resonant frequency wirelessly. The smart washer is designed and calibrated to establish the relation between the locking force and resonant frequency, and then it is fixed with a screw in a porcine femur, with and without medium between the reader and inductor. When the locking force decreases from 8.3 to 0.9 N, the error is less than 0.5 N, and the maximum wireless sensing distance is 72 mm. However, the medium between the reader and the sensor inductor will affect the resonant frequency, but not the sensitivity. Therefore, the locking force variation can still be calculated by the resonant frequency shift accurately. Furthermore, by designing another five LC sensors with different operating resonant frequency ranges, it is possible to identify locking forces at different locations for more pedicle screws. To our knowledge, no LC force sensor was proposed to monitor the locking force of pedicle screws after surgery in the past.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141063260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Forest Above-Ground Biomass of Teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) Using Field Measurement and Sentinel-2 Imagery 利用实地测量和哨兵-2 图像模拟柚木（Tectona grandis L. F.）的森林地上生物量

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9910094

Santosh Ghimire, Rajeev Joshi, Jeetendra Gautam, Binod Bhatta

{"title":"Modeling Forest Above-Ground Biomass of Teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) Using Field Measurement and Sentinel-2 Imagery","authors":"Santosh Ghimire, Rajeev Joshi, Jeetendra Gautam, Binod Bhatta","doi":"10.1155/2024/9910094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9910094","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few decades, remote sensing has emerged as a dependable and cost-effective method for collecting precise data on forest biophysical parameters, aiding in sustainable forest management and global initiatives to combat climate change. This research aimed to develop a model for estimating the above-ground biomass (AGB) of Teak (Tectona grandis L. F.) by combining field measurements with Sentinel-2 earth observation data. The study took place in 36-year-old teak plantation areas within the Sagarnath Forest Development Project in Nepal’s Sarlahi district. Field measurements were conducted using a destructive systematic sampling method, employing 10 × 10 m2 sample plots, and the volume of logs was determined using Newton’s formula. A total of 30 sample plots were used for calibration, while 10 were utilized for validation purposes. The findings revealed that the average AGB per plot was 814 kg (equivalent to 81.4 t ha−1), with a minimum value of 716 kg (71.6 t ha−1) and a maximum value of 1,060 kg (106 t ha−1). The study utilized five independent variables, namely, the Red band, Green band, Blue band, near-infrared (NIR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values from Sentinel-2 imagery data, to develop estimation models. Among the 12 models examined, model M10 proved to be the best fit for accurate AGB estimation (adjusted R2 = 0.9809, RMSE = 0.01269, AIC = −170, and p-value = < 8.39e−21). The equation of the best-fitted model was ln (AGB) = A + B × Red + C × Green + D × Blue2 + E × ln (NIR) + F × ln (NDVI), providing an accurate estimate of AGB. Model validation involved a t-test comparing the observed and calculated AGB values for ten sample plots, demonstrating no significant difference (p-value = 0.3662 > 0.05). This model has the potential to facilitate AGB biomass calculations and carbon stock estimates for teak plantations of similar age groups.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Electrode Shape on the Performance of ZnO-Based Ethanol Sensor 电极形状对氧化锌乙醇传感器性能的影响

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6696108

Shokoufeh Sirjani, Ali Fattah, Hamid Haratizadeh

{"title":"Effect of Electrode Shape on the Performance of ZnO-Based Ethanol Sensor","authors":"Shokoufeh Sirjani, Ali Fattah, Hamid Haratizadeh","doi":"10.1155/2024/6696108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6696108","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the deposition of Zn on glass substrates using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, followed by an annealing process to grow ZnO for gas-sensing applications. Surface morphologies were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, which revealed nanowire shape. The diameter of the wire was about 35 nm. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the ZnO nanowire possessed a wurtzite structure with an orientation of (002). Three types of resistive gas sensors with a spiral-square and two-comb electrode geometries were designed, fabricated, and tested for their ethanol vapor-sensing properties. The experimental results show that the sensor with square-spiral electrode has the sensitivity of 43% for 2,000 ppm of ethanol vapor at 200°C, while the sensor with a comb electrode shows the sensitivity of 32% at the same conditions. Also, two sensors with different dimensions of comb-shaped electrodes showed the same sensitivity, as both the width and the distance between the fingers change simultaneously in the larger comb-shaped electrode. The response time for the comb electrode is shorter than the square-spiral type, and the recovery time is almost independent of the electrode geometry. Therefore, the optimal structure should be selected based on the application.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementation and Comparison of Wearable Exoskeleton Arm Design with Fuzzy Logic and Machine Learning Control 利用模糊逻辑和机器学习控制实现和比较可穿戴外骨骼手臂设计

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6808322

Çağatay Ersin, Mustafa Yaz

{"title":"Implementation and Comparison of Wearable Exoskeleton Arm Design with Fuzzy Logic and Machine Learning Control","authors":"Çağatay Ersin, Mustafa Yaz","doi":"10.1155/2024/6808322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6808322","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a wearable exoskeleton arm was designed and controlled with different control methods to help people with muscle disorders in their arms and support treatment. The developed robot arm was transferred to Simulink software with the Simmechanics application. Two electromyography (EMG) muscle sensors and the ADXL335 position and acceleration sensors attach to the human arm’s biceps and triceps muscle areas. As the human moved the arm, data were obtained from the EMG muscle sensors and the ADXL335 position and acceleration sensor. The received data were first trained with the fuzzy logic algorithm. The same data were then trained with machine learning algorithms in Simulink software. It has been determined that the best result is the quadratic support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The fuzzy logic algorithm trained with the PID controller block and the received sensor data have been added to the degrees of freedom regions that will enable rotation in the block diagram of the previously exported system. Later, the fuzzy logic block was removed and the machine learning algorithm, the quadratic SVM algorithm, was added. The designed system was operated with two different control systems, and the control algorithm closest to the human arm movement was determined. In addition, each part of the system, whose design was prepared, was removed and assembled separately with a 3D printer. ESP32 microcontroller development board was used to control the system, and it was run in real-time with EMG muscle sensors and position sensors.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Platform Design of Passive Target Perception and Localization Based on Sensor Networks 基于传感器网络的被动目标感知和定位平台设计

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1315785

Qin Cheng, Lin Zhang, Yang Yu, Lingjiao Pan

引用次数: 0

Advancements in Mobile-Based Air Pollution Detection: From Literature Review to Practical Implementation 移动式空气污染检测的进展：从文献综述到实际应用

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4895068

Srdjan Sladojevic, Marko Arsenovic, Danilo Nikolic, Andras Anderla, Darko Stefanovic

引用次数: 0

The Ammunition Projectile Test and Evaluation Used Polymer Flexible Film Sensors System Design and Application 使用聚合物柔性薄膜传感器的弹药射弹测试和评估系统设计与应用

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3068590

Xiangdong Cui, Youliang Xu, Yanli Zhang, Xinglin Qi, Aiqiang Guo

{"title":"The Ammunition Projectile Test and Evaluation Used Polymer Flexible Film Sensors System Design and Application","authors":"Xiangdong Cui, Youliang Xu, Yanli Zhang, Xinglin Qi, Aiqiang Guo","doi":"10.1155/2024/3068590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3068590","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The mainly lethal ability of ammunition fragments on creatures is achieved by hitting the effective organs or key parts of the biological body with high-speed projectiles. How to efficiently and accurately obtain the projectile speed and hitting position coordinates when the fragment hits the creature after the ammunition blast is the key to the scientific evaluation of ammunition power. Materials and Methods. For the measurement of fragment velocity and hitting coordinates, a series of flexible film circuit sensors can be generated by printing comb-like circuits on polyethylene terephthalate substrates using silver paste printing technology. These sensors are cheap, flexible, and easy to fold and can be printed into different shapes according to the characteristics of the test target to simulate the biological key organs or lethal parts. At the same time, the software and hardware design of the high-speed data signal reading and processing module can realize the data rapidly recording and processing and quickly give the ammunition fragment parameter test results. Results. The test accuracy of the fragment velocity of the laser light screen target and the flexible circuit sensor is compared through the live-fire test. It is proved that the test accuracy of the flexible sensor based on the polymer substrate can meet the accuracy requirements. The flexible sensor based on the organ simulation can quickly give the accurate hit position of the fragment. Conclusion. The newly polymer substrate printed circuit sensor system is a new type of sensor used to replace the laser screen target, and the copper comb printed circuit in the ammunition power test, which can improve the parameter test accuracy, reduce the test consumption, and improve the test quality.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evasion Attacks on Deep Learning-Based Helicopter Recognition Systems 对基于深度学习的直升机识别系统的规避攻击

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1124598

Jun Lee, Taewan Kim, Seungho Bang, Sehong Oh, Hyun Kwon

{"title":"Evasion Attacks on Deep Learning-Based Helicopter Recognition Systems","authors":"Jun Lee, Taewan Kim, Seungho Bang, Sehong Oh, Hyun Kwon","doi":"10.1155/2024/1124598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1124598","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying objects in surveillance and reconnaissance systems with the human eye can be challenging, underscoring the growing importance of employing deep learning models for the recognition of enemy weapon systems. These systems, leveraging deep neural networks known for their strong performance in image recognition and classification, are currently under extensive research. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that surveillance and reconnaissance systems utilizing deep neural networks are susceptible to vulnerabilities posed by adversarial examples. While prior adversarial example research has mainly utilized publicly available internet data, there has been a significant absence of studies concerning adversarial attacks on data and models specific to real military scenarios. In this paper, we introduce an adversarial example designed for a binary classifier tasked with recognizing helicopters. Our approach generates an adversarial example that is misclassified by the model, despite appearing unproblematic to the human eye. To conduct our experiments, we gathered real attack and transport helicopters and employed TensorFlow as the machine learning library of choice. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the average attack success rate of the proposed method is 81.9%. Additionally, when epsilon is 0.4, the attack success rate is 90.1%. Before epsilon reaches 0.4, the attack success rate increases rapidly, and then we can see that epsilon increases little by little thereafter.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disposable Screen-Printed Microchip Based on Nanoparticles Sensitive Membrane for Potentiometric Determination of Lead 基于纳米颗粒敏感膜的一次性丝网印刷微芯片用于铅的电位测定

IF 1.9 4区工程技术

Journal of Sensors Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7610614

Majed Alrobaian, Munerah Alfadhel, Sayed Zayed, Mohammad AlDosari, Hassan Arida

{"title":"Disposable Screen-Printed Microchip Based on Nanoparticles Sensitive Membrane for Potentiometric Determination of Lead","authors":"Majed Alrobaian, Munerah Alfadhel, Sayed Zayed, Mohammad AlDosari, Hassan Arida","doi":"10.1155/2024/7610614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7610614","url":null,"abstract":"Realization of screen-printed disposable microchip based on organic membrane sensitive layer highly responsive to lead has been demonstrated for the first time. Fabrication, potentiometric characterization and analytical application of the novel microchip have been reported. A sensitive layer comprises TiO2 nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes “MWCNTs” composite incorporated in PVC membrane has uploaded on the plastic screen-printed microelectrode substrate surface using novel protocol. The new chip provided a linear behavior for Pb2+ ions over the lead concentration range of 1 × 10−6–1 × 10−1 mole L−1 with super Nernstian sensitivity (49 mV), relatively long life span (>4 months), and a fast response time (10 s). The advantages showed by the microchip include simple fabrication, small size, mass production, cost effectiveness, and automation and integration feasibility. The realized new microchip has been successfully utilized in the quantification of some lead (II) samples with average recovery of 101.9% and the RDS was <3.","PeriodicalId":48792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sensors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140117574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0