Journal of Ship Production and Design最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) in Ship Design: Bridging Tradition and Technology Through ACQUAINT","authors":"Tufail Shahzad, Peng Wang, Peter Van lith, Jacques Hoffmans","doi":"10.5957/jspd.01240002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.01240002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Despite the limited use of artificial intelligence/knowledge-based engineering (AI/KBE) in industries with small series or one-off designs, our study demonstrates the technical feasibility and potential benefits of implementing AI/KBE in ship design processes. This research presents the development of “ACQUAINT,” uniquely designed to address the complexities inherent in bespoke shipbuilding. Central to this module is a robust AI-driven inference engine, integrated seamlessly with AutoCAD through a Python-based interface, facilitating a novel approach in shipbuilding’s detail and production design phases. The module’s capability to generate optimal designs autonomously—grounded in a deep understanding of design rules, constraints, and requirements—substantially reduces the reliance on human interaction. Our initial proof of concept with “ACQUAINT” showcases measurable advancements in ship design accuracy and efficiency, highlighting AI KBE’s transformative impact in shipbuilding and setting a foundation for future research and practical applications.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ship design; artificial intelligence; knowledge-based engineering; self-learning system; software development; ACQUAINT; CAD/CAM software; computers in construction; computers in design; modernization; ship structure\u0000","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Coupled With A* Search for Ship Multicabin Equipment Layout Considering Pipe Route","authors":"Qiaoyu Zhang, Yan Lin","doi":"10.5957/jspd.01240001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.01240001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The paper presents a novel approach of cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning (CMARL) combined with A* search to address ship multicabin equipment layout considering pipe route, aiming to minimize pipe cost while considering practical requirements. The formulation is established through equipment simplification and grid marking, and A* search is utilized to value the pipe route. By designing equipment states, the equipment layout in each cabin is solved using a CMARL approach that involves three actions. Subsequently, comparative experiments were conducted on an engine room case by CMARL against genetic algorithm and single multiagent reinforcement learning methods under the condition of coupling with A* search. The parameter values for these methods were sampled using Latin Hypercube. The findings demonstrate that CMARL has superior combination properties.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ship equipment layout; multicabin layout; cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning; A* search; pipe route\u0000","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Broadly Applicable Coarse Alignment Framework for the Point Cloud of Hull Blocks","authors":"Shilin Huo, Yujun Liu, Ji Wang, Rui Li, Xiao Liu","doi":"10.5957/jspd.06230012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.06230012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology, which has been widely used in recent years, provides a new approach to control the construction quality of hull blocks in shipyards. As the cloud-model registration problem plays the most significant role in the data processing stage of utilizing the TLS devices, this paper concentrates on developing a broadly applicable coarse alignment framework for the point cloud of hull blocks. This framework involves two steps: the recognition of the connection regions of the point clouds and the coarse registration method according to the classification results. To detect the connection regions automatically, a hand-crafted simple model of the connection regions of hull blocks is built and its supporting detection method is proposed, besides, considering the recent overwhelming success of deep learning methods, a deep learning network suitable for large hull block datasets is constructed according to the Point-Net, and convolutional neural networks paradigms. Then, the coarse alignment method based on the detected connection regions is proposed. Experimental results illustrate the good performance of the proposed framework.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 computers in construction; shipbuilding; automation\u0000","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Dead Ship Condition by the IMO Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria for 5000HP Tug Boat","authors":"Dongmin Shin, Sangmok Lee, Yonmo Sung, Hyomin Jeong, B. Moon","doi":"10.5957/jspd.10230029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.10230029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been discussing technical issues by dividing the second-generation intact stability criteria for ships into five types. In this paper, we paid attention to the dead ship condition and introduced the process for the assessment of Levels 1 and 2 in detail. Dead ship condition refers to a case where a large angle of rolling motion occurs due to waves incident on the side of the ship’s hull after the ship’s engine has failed. Basically, in the dead ship condition, if the Level 1 criterion for analysis related to the GZ curve is not satisfied, an evaluation is performed against the Level 2 criterion considering the hydrodynamics of waves. The method for the effective wave slope function required to obtain the spectrum of the effective relative roll angle, which is the most important factor in the calculation of Level 2, was implemented. In particular, unlike existing ship types in terms of various experiences, this study performed stability evaluation using special ship data of a 5000HP tug boat and obtained results that satisfied both Level 1 and 2 standards. Through this example of dead ship condition evaluation for a tug boat, we aim to ensure the expansion of IMO second-generation intact stability evaluation targets for various types of ships.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 IMO second generation intact stability criteria; dead ship condition; GZ curve; effective wave slope function; tug boat\u0000","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Cutting Methodology with 3D Measurement of Block Excesses in Shipbuilding","authors":"Berk Aydin, Eda Turan","doi":"10.5957/jspd.08230019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.08230019","url":null,"abstract":"The ship construction process is characterized by a sequential workflow, with pivotal workstations playing a crucial role. Initially, steel plates are introduced to these stations in sheet form, undergoing a transformation process that culminates in the creation of segments known as blocks. These blocks are individually constructed and subsequently assembled at the final workstation, denoted as the block joining station. Upon completing block fabrication, a deliberate tolerance allowance is retained on the plates to accommodate deformations induced by heat treatment during the transformation from plates to blocks. The alignment process involves aligning the reference points (master reference line) of the blocks on a common axis, facilitating the identification of excess material and deformations. This alignment process encompasses aligning the blocks with each other, employing either a three-dimensional measurement device or manual methods to obtain necessary measurements for determining excess material. In an effort to optimize time spent on block alignment and machine usage, a comprehensive methodology has been developed. This methodology involves determining excess material cuts on the blocks, performing virtual alignment operations using laser scanning techniques in a virtual environment, and conducting the cutting process on the slipway prior to placing the block excesses on it.","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation of Propeller Boss Cap Fins Effects for Different Pitches and Positions in Open Water Conditions","authors":"Burak Göksu, Murat Bayraktar, O. Yüksel","doi":"10.5957/jspd.08230017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.08230017","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of marine vessels with high efficiency provides a great contribution within the scope of the International Maritime Organization and the sustainable development goals. In terms of the propulsion system, selecting the appropriate propeller is critical to effectively use the engine power installed in marine vessels because the biggest energy losses during transmission occur on the propeller and ship hull. Increasing propeller efficiencies above a certain level is quite a challenge by simply changing the number of blades, pitch, or propeller type. Therefore, various energy-saving device applications, such as propeller boss cap fins (PBCFs), are performed on the ship propeller. The effects of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 4415 profile PBCFs which have a different position and pitch angle integrated into the E698 model propeller have been investigated to describe efficiency, vortex, and pressure distributions based on the KRISO very large crude carrier 2 designed hull in this study. The E698 model propeller has been created by the 3D software and the validation has been performed by the computational fluid dynamic solver software based on the reference values of the propeller. The effect of four PBCF applications which have different pitches and positions on the model propeller has been revealed in terms of the efficiency, pressure distributions, and vortexes. Although P45-R45 and P45-R90 PBCF applications are quite close to the E698 propeller in terms of efficiency, no significant efficiency increase has been observed. In addition, the efficiency has decreased considerably in P90-R45 and P90-R90 applications. PBCFs application with P45-R90 has provided superiority to the base model in terms of pressure distributions and vortex formation. However, any improvement has not been achieved in the remaining three designs. Therefore, PBCF applications should be applied quite elaborately based on propeller types.","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derivation of Optimum Outfit Density for Surface Warships based on the Analysis of Variations in Work Content and Workforce Density and Productivity with Ship Size","authors":"M. Spicknall","doi":"10.5957/jspd.09230024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.09230024","url":null,"abstract":"The potential impact of a ship’s outfit density on the labor hours required for production, sustainment, and upgrade has been discussed within the domain of warship design for decades. For fixed ship mission, systems capabilities, crew size, specification complexity and maturity, other producibility characteristics, and work schedule, as a ship’s size varies, required production labor hours are impacted in two ways—first by a change in work content and second by a change in worker productivity with available space. Because these impacts are inversely related, there exists an optimum ship size and outfit density that minimizes required labor hours. This paper describes an analysis of optimum outfit density to minimize production labor hours for complex modern surface combatants. The key relationship between available space and worker productivity is defined based on data from multiple industries. This relationship is then used along with knowledge of surface combatant design and shipbuilding processes and production labor requirements to identify an optimum range of overall outfit density to target during ship design. This derived optimum range is validated with other related research and reference to the outfit densities of existing modern surface combatants and what is known about their ease of build. Also discussed are 1) alternative ship design and production paradigms that might allow for ships with higher outfit densities while maintaining efficient production, maintenance, and upgrade and 2) implications of the relationship between available worker space and worker productivity for shipyard planning and work execution.","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Shipboard Power Systems for Endurance and Annual Fuel Calculations","authors":"Norbert Doerry, Mark A. Parsons","doi":"10.5957/jspd.07230016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.07230016","url":null,"abstract":"Endurance fuel calculations are used to determine the required volume of fuel tanks; annual fuel calculations are used to estimate the fuel consumed during a year of ship operations, primarily to estimate the projected cost of fuel as part of the life cycle cost estimate. These calculations depend on the fuel rates (kg/h) for different electrical and propulsion system configurations. The fuel rates in turn depend on factors, such as equipment efficiency, prime mover-specific fuel consumption curves, electrical loads, ambient temperature, propulsion loads, and the manner in which the power and propulsion systems, are operated. This paper details how to perform endurance fuel and annual fuel calculations, provides guidance for modeling system components based on data typically provided in data sheets, and provides guidance on the manner in which the power and propulsion systems are operated. Four examples are provided to illustrate the methods using the Smart Ship System Design modeling and simulation tool along with supporting spreadsheets.","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge-Based Engineering Techniques in Shipbuilding: Practical Insights and Viability","authors":"Tufail Shahzad, Peng Wang, Peter van Lith, Jacques Hoffmans","doi":"10.5957/jspd.03230002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.03230002","url":null,"abstract":"_ This paper delves into the technical aspects and viability of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and knowledge-based engineering (KBE) tools in practical design. The goal is to digitally embed the hands-on expertise and technical boundaries set by seasoned professionals during intricate engineering and preparatory phases. We showcase how AI/KBE tools might emulate human cognitive processes to make well-informed choices. The article also probes the prospective economic and modernization repercussions of this innovation. Our findings suggest that such an integration is feasible and can amplify the decision-making efficacy and advance the sophistication of CAD/CAM systems in the shipbuilding realm. Furthermore, this investigation underscores the promising future of AI/KBE tools in ship design and advocates for continued exploration and innovation in this sector to fully harness its advantages. Introduction Shipbuilding has long been intertwined with CAD/CAM technologies. As technology evolves, so does the landscape of ship design and manufacturing (Ross, 1950). Traditionally, ship design leaned heavily on seasoned engineers and designers, whose insights were cultivated over years of experience. However, with the rising demand for ships and an aging workforce, there’s a pressing need for enhanced design methodologies. Enter the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and knowledge-based engineering (KBE), which promise to revolutionize ship design by integrating practical knowledge and technical constraints. In today’s shipbuilding scenario, younger engineers often handle detailed engineering stages, a shift from when experienced professionals dominated the shop floor (Moyst and Das, 2005). Our research aims to assess the feasibility of AI KBE systems in enhancing the ship design process during these stages, by virtualizing the knowledge of experienced workers.","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice Design of Ship Thin Section Considering Prevention of Welding-Induced Buckling","authors":"Hong Zhou, Bin Yi, Jiangchao Wang, Chaonan Shen","doi":"10.5957/jspd.04220015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/jspd.04220015","url":null,"abstract":"_ The lightweight fabrication of thin-walled cabin sections is popular for advanced ships, and the dimensional tolerance generated by welding buckling significantly influences the fabrication accuracy and schedule with poststraightening. A typical thin section employed in the superstructure of a high-tech passenger ship is considered the research object. Conventional fabrication procedures and welding conditions were examined beforehand with combined thermal elastic-plastic and elastic FE computations based on the theory of welding inherent deformation, while welding buckling was represented with identical behavior compared with fabrication observation. Actually, there are usually two methods to prevent welding buckling with advanced fabrication. Stiffeners with optimized geometrical features and excellent elasticity moduli were assembled to enhance the rigidity of the ship thin section, and less welding inherent deformation with advanced welding methods can be employed to reduce mechanical loading. Computational results show that either less in-plane welding inherent strain or higher structural rigidity can reduce the magnitude of welding-induced buckling, and avoid the generation of welding-induced buckling during the lightweight fabrication. Introduction Recently, lightweight construction with thin-plate designs has become the highlight of advanced vehicles, such as ships, trains, and airplanes, particularly high-tech passenger vessels. Thin plate sections, as well as thin-walled structures with sufficient strength, exhibit excellent performance in enhancing the carrying capacity and protecting the environment with less fuel consumption. However, with the reduction in plate thickness for achieving lightweight design, welding-induced buckling can be generated owing to the lower stiffness as the most complex type of out-of-plane welding distortion (Wang et al. 2015, 2018). Buckling deformation will not only decrease fabrication accuracy and integrity but also increase cost and schedule; moreover, it influences mechanical performance, such as hydrodynamics. Unfortunately, it is hard to remove welding buckling after cooling to room temperature with flame heating or mechanical correction owing to its unstable features. Thus, it is preferable to reduce buckling distortion during the welding process by considering the practical design beforehand. Procedural parameters such as welding condition, heat efficiency, plate thickness, distribution of heat source, and stiffener spacing should be discussed because they influence the welding driving force and structural rigidity.","PeriodicalId":48791,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ship Production and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}