Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti最新文献

{"title":"Functional analysis of landscape structure for the design of large economic objects of Kazakhstan","authors":"A.V. Khoroshev","doi":"10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to propose a classification of the functions of spatial landscape elements based on the idea of three types of landscape structures. The application of the polystructural approach in the analysis of the territory for the design of large economic facilities is demonstrated. We use the examples of projects of the mountain resort Kok-Zhailau and the BAKAD ring road in the Almaty region and mining production in the Akmola region. Local economic impact is considered as a potential violation of the function of the tract, which ensures the stability of a larger area. In order to correctly select the location of objects, determine the allowable loads and acceptable technologies, it is necessary to evaluate the functions of natural boundaries in three types of landscape structures – geostationary, geocirculation and biocirculation. The functions of each tract in geosystems of different types of higher ranks and sizes should be taken into account when calculating the costs of construction and operation (i.e., to overcome limiting natural factors), including the costs of environmental responsibility. Kok-Zhailau is assessed as a tract with no alternative recreational functions, with high risks of disruption of biotic flows and activation and multidirectional dispersion of unwanted abiotic flows in the case of the construction of a resort. It is preferable to preserve walking and picnic recreation against the background of zonal landscapes. In the construction zone of the BAKAD, the greatest risks are associated with the transformation of water flows and the threat to the buffer functions of phytocenoses. In the Raygorodok area, under conditions of intense agricultural and industrial pressures, the importance of preserving the diversity of key biotopes, ecological corridors and buffer functions of riverine vegetation is increasing.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of meteorological conditions on grain yield in Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"I.E. Dapen","doi":"10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the impact of climate change on grain production, which ensures food security, is one of the most pressing issues today. The most vulnerable sectors in Central Asia are water and agriculture. They are also the main sectors of the economy that ensure stability and food security of the countries of the region. It is worth noting that, according to official data, 70% of the predicted damage from adverse weather and climatic conditions will fall on agriculture. It is known that the yield of agricultural crops is influenced by both internal factors and natural and climatic factors. This article discusses the influence of climatic factors that significantly affect the yield of grain crops. As a result, it was found that the temperature of recent years has a beneficial effect on the growth of spring wheat in the north of the country, and sufficient rainfall also plays an important role for good yields. North Kazakhstan and Akmola regions are well supplied with moisture, while the values of Kostanay region showed the opposite situation. It was found that the yield of spring wheat is negatively affected not only by low, but also by high temperatures. The correlation between yield and air temperature showed a very weak negative correlation (r=-0,3), while a significant positive correlation was found with precipitation (r=0,6).","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botai-tersek cultural community: general characteristics and main features","authors":"К. К. Abilmalikov","doi":"10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.16","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to examine the general characteristics and main features of the Botai-Tersek historical and cultural community based on archaeological materials through the application of historical-comparative analysis. The authors compare the lifting materials from the \"pure\" Tersek sites of Kumkeshu-1, Kozhay-1, and the Botai settlements - Botai, Krasny Yar. Comparative analysis reveals similarities between archaeological findings in terms of raw material production, processing techniques, ceramic ornamentation, and unique artifacts. The materials from the Kumkeshu-1 and Kozhay-1 settlements, summer Tersek settlements, are of particular interest for comparative analysis. In the historiography of archaeology, there has long been a debate about the Botai and Tersek cultures. The scientific discussion between archaeologists V.N. Logvin, S.S. Kalieva, and V.F. Zaibert led to the division of one archaeological culture into two separate cultures that coexisted at the same time. In recent years, the majority of specialists in this field tend to consider them as one culture, even a historical-cultural community. The Botai-Tersek historical-cultural community covered the territory of Northern Kazakhstan in the 4th millennium BCE and is characterized by the earliest evidence of horse domestication. The application of interdisciplinary research and modern methodology will further reveal opportunities to unite them as a whole. The results obtained from past field seasons show similarities between various objects as well as the spiritual and material culture of ancient inhabitants of the northern regions. Currently, the obtained materials based on the correlation of key multilayered sites of the two archaeological cultures allow for the specification of the main periods of regional cultures, clarification of common features, synchronization of general characteristics, exploration of historical parallels and identification of the cultural-economic type of the Botai-Tersek people. Keywords: Botai-тersek culture, Kumkeshu-1, Kozhay-1, summer settlements, Chalcolithic, Botai, Krasnyі Yar, stone industry.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Repository of Academic Institutions in Kazakhstan","authors":"M. E. Kanyika, R. O. Sadykova","doi":"10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.04","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the institutional repository of academic institutions in Kazakhstan in promoting open access with a focus on its history and development. The specific objectives of the study were to analyze the registration year of the institutional repository, the type of contents, and the subjects found in an institutional repository of each academic institution in the Open Directory of Open Access Repository. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed. Webometrics and content analysis were methods used in data collection and analysis. Data was collected directly from the Directory of Open Access Repository. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used to analyze quantitative data. The findings of the study reveal the inconsistency of the registrations of the academic institutional repositories to the Open Directory of Open Access Repository in terms of the year. On the other hand, findings reveal the registration of only eight institutional repositories into the Open Directory of Open Access Repository among hundreds of academic institutions in Kazakhstan in which only one institutional repository among the top five rated universities was observed. Furthermore, findings indicate the dominance of journal articles as the main type of content that almost all institutional repositories added to the Open Directory of Open Access Repository. Additionally, findings show the dominance of arts, science, technology, humanities, social science, and health and medicine as the main subjects added by the majority of institutional repositories added to the Open Directory of Open Access Repository. The study concludes that when compared with findings of similar studies from foreign countries, the registration of institutional repositories of academic institutions in Kazakhstan to the Open Directory of Open Access Repository is not encouraging and therefore limits open access. The study therefore, recommends more registration of institutional repositories of academic institutions to the Open Directory of Open Access Repository particularly the top-ranked universities in order to increase the visibility of scholarly works globally and therefore increase the reputations and prestige of the universities of Kazakhstan more importantly to promote open access. Also, priority should be given to theses and dissertations to be added to the institutional repositories as they also contribute to increasing the reputations of the academic institutions.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History research of the settled culture of Saryarka in the XIII-XIV (XV) centuries","authors":"G. Bilyalova","doi":"10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the history of the study of the settled culture of Saryarka in the 13th-15th centuries. The most massive type of archaeological sites of the Golden Horde are the medieval cities. Three periods can be distinguished in the study of the medieval settled culture of Saryarka. The first period covers the second half of the XX century. Since 1946, one of the important areas of work of the Central Kazakhstan archaeological expedition, led by A.Kh. Margulan, is the study of settled culture in the country of nomads Dasht-i Kypchak. The second period of study of the medieval sedentary culture of Saryarka includes studies by the detachment of the new building expedition of the Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan under the leadership of Zh.E. Smailov. The third stage in the study of the medieval urban culture of Saryarka started in the modern period. Large-scale excavations of medieval cities and necropolises have been launched in Kazakhstan. Mausoleums made of baked bricks have been discovered and are being studied at almost every site in Saryarka. Glazed tiles and majolica with floral and geometric ornaments were used in the decoration of facades and tombstones. According to architectural methods, the mausoleums date back to the XIV-XV centuries. Consequently, at this time there was a rise in urban planning and the flowering of medieval culture in Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of snow cover characteristics using the method of radar polarimetry","authors":"B.K. Rakhimzhanov","doi":"10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.07","url":null,"abstract":"The role of snowmelt is of great importance in the spring, when temperature drops pass, and with them the transformation of snow into water. The melting process takes several weeks. With a sharp warming, the rapid melting of snow can lead to abundant floods. In Kazakhstan, in recent decades, floods have caused damage of republican significance and are considered large-scale. Knowing the parameters and characteristics of the snow cover, as well as predicting and modeling the passage of floods, is essential for preventing large-scale disasters. The use of Earth remote sensing data, in particular the study of snow cover over many years, made it possible to assess the accuracy of the passage of floods. In Kazakhstan, in the last decade, the air temperature has increased by an average of 1-4 C. In this regard, the cases of heavy floods in the regions of Central and Northern Kazakhstan was observed. An important factor in modeling the passage of floods is the factor of water absorption (infiltration) by frozen soil. The analysis of data on frozen soil is mainly carried out by ground and field, as well as laboratory studies. This article is devoted to a retrospective analysis of optical and radar images in order to identify areas of snow cover compaction and the appearance of ice over the soil. According to optical images in the spring, areas with a presumable characteristic of icing were selected. Further, various combinations of polarization VH-VV, VV-VH, VV, HH Sentinel 2 Satellite were downloaded from radar images to these areas, for which an analysis of the regression dependence of the signal display in dark and light areas of the image was carried out. The analysis carried out in the work shows different areas of dispersion, where there is a difference in the composition of snow and ice content in the composition. However, this method does not allow to analyze the depth of soil freezing.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the snow cover in the Arys River basin in conditions of climate change","authors":"N.V. Pimankina","doi":"10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the results of assessment of the changes in the air temperature, sums of precipitation, and the snow depth in the Arys River basin, which is the right tributary of the Syrdarya River are presented. In the context of global warming, noticeable changes are taking place in mountains, and the risk of hazards associated with snow, glaciers and permafrost is growing. In the upper reaches of the Arys River basin, strong snowmelt-rain floods occur against the backdrop of a thaw. It is necessary to study the climatic factors influencing the state of the mountain cryosphere. Based on the data of ground observations carried out by the Kazakh Hydrometeorological Service at the meteorological stations and according to the data of total precipitation gauges and field snow surveys in the mountains, the changes in the characteristics of the winter period for 1960-2023 are shown. The results of the analysis made it possible to estimate the increase in the average air temperature for the year and the cold period at 0.1°C/10 years. There is a slight increase in the sums of precipitation for November-March. The average snow depth, according to the field snow surveys, has increased by 5–20 cm. Over the past 30 years, the amount of snow-water equivalent has increased compared to the period of 1960–1990 at almost 80-100% of measurement points. The dates of occurrence of the snow cover have shifted towards somewhat earlier start and finish dates. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify changes in the mean multiyear meteorological characteristics over two 30-year periods.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Asian countries in the Intersection of Geopolitical interests：in the context of world views","authors":"К. K. Sarkytkan","doi":"10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jgem.2023.v70.i3.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to study the geopolitical situation of Central Asian countries at the present stage in economic, geographical, historical and political terms. The analysis was also carried out based on a comparison of scientific and political literature published in the languages of each country (English, Chinese, Russian and Turkish). In the article, by studying the history of the formation, current state, and prospects of developing the region's countries, we tried to establish that the Central Asian region has long been a region where many countries' political and economic interests converge. To this end, we decided to consider the study not only from the point of view of the scientific environment of Kazakhstan or the countries of the region but also on a global scale. The theoretical basis of the article was the research of foreign and domestic scientists and politicians in international relations, political and economic integration, trade, investment, and foreign policy. Historical-geographical, archival, narrative, statistical and comparative analysis, and induction and deductive methods were used to reveal the purpose and task. In short, It is known that the interests of major world-class players in the Central Asian region are intertwined not only today but also the history of their interests dates back to a long time ago. Each major player can conduct research and disseminate information in the framework of their interests in the region. Therefore, it is essential to study the positions and views of different countries. This is a distinctive feature of the article. The article aims to study the geopolitical situation of Central Asian countries at the present stage in economic, geographical, historical and political terms. The analysis was also carried out based on a comparison of scientific and political literature published in the languages of each country (English, Chinese, Russian and Turkish). In the article, by studying the history of the formation, current state, and prospects of developing the region's countries, we tried to establish that the Central Asian region has long been a region where many countries' political and economic interests converge. To this end, we decided to consider the study not only from the point of view of the scientific environment of Kazakhstan or the countries of the region but also on a global scale. It is known that the interests of major world-class players in the Central Asian region are intertwined not only today but also the history of their interests dates back to a long time ago. Each major player can conduct research and disseminate information in the framework of their interests in the region. Therefore, it is essential to study the positions and views of different countries. This is a distinctive feature of the article.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etymological and historical determination of the name and sobriquet of sultan Beybars","authors":"А. Zhamashev","doi":"10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the biographical data of Sultan Beybars from the Kazakh land. Attention is focused on the important role of the Sultan, who lived in the XIII century and ruled in the Egyptian state, in the history of Islam. The article is distinguished by the clarification of information about the life of Baybars, reforms in power, contribution to science in the context of his name and nicknames. The biography of Sultan al-Zahir is shown by referring to historical and biographical works. The article also includes books collected and researched by Kazakh, Russian and Arabic authors in antiquity and modernity. The meanings of Baybars' name, nicknames and kunias are explained, and the pluralism of views is also shown. In addition, information is given about the commanders and educators who contributed to the personal development of Sultan al-Zahir, and the rulers of the country, whose medieval history occupies a significant place in this process. Particular attention is paid to the exploits of Beibarys before he came to power. His leadership qualities in opposition to the crusaders and the Mongol invasion are also described. The article gives an answer why he was called such laudatory nicknames as «Pillar of Religion and World», «Victorious Sultan», «Father of Victories». Key words: Beibarys Sultan, Mamluk, Egypt, religion, campaign, Kypchak.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"About the opening of the Kostanay Pedagogical College\" From the history of pedagogical education in Kazakhstan in the 1920s – early 1930s","authors":"D. М. Legkiy","doi":"10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/jh.2023.v110.i3.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the activities of the first pedagogical college in Kustanai (Kostanay) (known as the \"pedagogical school\" or “teacher’s training school”), opened a hundred years ago after the end of the civil war, like other similar educational institutions in the Kazakh ASSR in the middle of the 1920s. The purpose of the article is to investigate the training, cultural and educational activities, defense mass work in the technical school with the biographical data of its leaders and teachers. Information on the receipt of special pedagogical education by graduates of Kazakh schools, on the financial situation of students is provided. The weak financial support of the pedagogical college from the higher authorities is shown. In fact, the high turnover of the contingent of students periodically led to the disruption of preparation plans for each new academic year, it was the case with teacher courses organized at the pedagogical college for the Kazakh and Russian groups. As a result of the analysis of the work of departments of public education, the inconsistency of the Soviet policy in the training of national personnel is revealed; on the one hand, from the 1920s to the early 1930s a course of “indigenization” was carried out, and on the other hand, graduates of Kazakh schools were deprived of the right to receive pedagogical education. The repressive policy in the field of public education, the exclusion from teaching of persons who opposed the Soviet regime during the civil war, the expulsion of students from the technical school on a class basis are highlighted, and the role of exiled teachers in the educational activities of the school is shown. The article is illustrated with archival photographs taken in the 1920s – early 1930s.","PeriodicalId":487737,"journal":{"name":"Habaršy - A̋l-Farabi atyndag̣y K̦azak̦ memlekettik ụlttyk̦ universiteti","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}