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Annual Review of Virology最新文献

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Viruses and Metabolism: The Effects of Viral Infections and Viral Insulins on Host Metabolism. 病毒与代谢:病毒感染和病毒胰岛素对宿主代谢的影响。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102416
Khyati Girdhar, Amaya Powis, Amol Raisingani, Martina Chrudinová, Ruixu Huang, Tu Tran, Kaan Sevgi, Yusuf Dogus Dogru, Emrah Altindis
{"title":"Viruses and Metabolism: The Effects of Viral Infections and Viral Insulins on Host Metabolism.","authors":"Khyati Girdhar,&nbsp;Amaya Powis,&nbsp;Amol Raisingani,&nbsp;Martina Chrudinová,&nbsp;Ruixu Huang,&nbsp;Tu Tran,&nbsp;Kaan Sevgi,&nbsp;Yusuf Dogus Dogru,&nbsp;Emrah Altindis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the cross-talk between viruses and host metabolism. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which viral infections manipulate metabolic pathways including glucose, fatty acid, protein, and nucleotide metabolism. These pathways are evolutionarily conserved across the tree of life and extremely important for the host's nutrient utilization and energy production. In this review, we focus on host glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid metabolism and highlight the pathways manipulated by the different classes of viruses to increase their replication. We also explore a new system of viral hormones in which viruses mimic host hormones to manipulate the host endocrine system. We discuss viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides and their potential effects on host metabolism. Together, these pathogenesis mechanisms targeting cellular signaling pathways create a multidimensional network of interactions between host and viral proteins. Defining and better understanding these mechanisms will help us to develop new therapeutic tools to prevent and treat viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9175272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39471517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Virus Structures and Dynamics by Magic-Angle Spinning NMR. 魔角旋转核磁共振病毒结构和动力学。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-064653
Gal Porat-Dahlerbruch, Amir Goldbourt, Tatyana Polenova
{"title":"Virus Structures and Dynamics by Magic-Angle Spinning NMR.","authors":"Gal Porat-Dahlerbruch,&nbsp;Amir Goldbourt,&nbsp;Tatyana Polenova","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-064653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-064653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Techniques for atomic-resolution structural biology have evolved during the past several decades. Breakthroughs in instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis that occurred in the past decade have enabled characterization of viruses with an unprecedented level of detail. Here we review the recent advances in magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for structural analysis of viruses and viral assemblies. MAS NMR is a powerful method that yields information on 3D structures and dynamics in a broad range of experimental conditions. After a brief introduction, we discuss recent structural and functional studies of several viruses investigated with atomic resolution at various levels of structural organization, from individual domains of a membrane protein reconstituted into lipid bilayers to virus-like particles and intact viruses. We present examples of the unique information revealed by MAS NMR about drug binding, conduction mechanisms, interactions with cellular host factors, and DNA packaging in biologically relevant environments that are inaccessible by other methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8973440/pdf/nihms-1790240.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39471071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Small-Molecule Inhibition of Viral Fusion Glycoproteins. 小分子抑制病毒融合糖蛋白
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-022221-063725
Han-Yuan Liu, Priscilla L Yang
{"title":"Small-Molecule Inhibition of Viral Fusion Glycoproteins.","authors":"Han-Yuan Liu, Priscilla L Yang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-022221-063725","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-virology-022221-063725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral fusion glycoproteins catalyze membrane fusion during viral entry. Unlike most enzymes, however, they lack a conventional active site in which formation or scission of a specific covalent bond is catalyzed. Instead, they drive the membrane fusion reaction by cojoining highly regulated changes in conformation to membrane deformation. Despite the challenges in applying inhibitor design approaches to these proteins, recent advances in knowledge of the structures and mechanisms of viral fusogens have enabled the development of small-molecule inhibitors of both class I and class II viral fusion proteins. Here, we review well-validated inhibitors, including their discovery, targets, and mechanism(s) of action, while highlighting mechanistic similarities and differences. Together, these examples make a compelling case for small-molecule inhibitors as tools for probing the mechanisms of viral glycoprotein-mediated fusion and for viral glycoproteins as druggable targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8543812/pdf/nihms-1743987.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39125932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances in Viroid-Host Interactions. 类病毒-宿主相互作用研究进展。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092331
Beatriz Navarro, Ricardo Flores, Francesco Di Serio
{"title":"Advances in Viroid-Host Interactions.","authors":"Beatriz Navarro,&nbsp;Ricardo Flores,&nbsp;Francesco Di Serio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viroids are small, single-stranded, circular RNAs infecting plants. Composed of only a few hundred nucleotides and being unable to code for proteins, viroids represent the lowest level of complexity for an infectious agent, even below that of the smallest known viruses. Despite the relatively small size, viroids contain RNA structural elements embracing all the information needed to interact with host factors involved in their infectious cycle, thus providing models for studying structure-function relationships of RNA. Viroids are specifically targeted to nuclei (family <i>Pospiviroidae</i>) or chloroplasts (family <i>Avsunviroidae</i>), where replication based on rolling-circle mechanisms takes place. They move locally and systemically through plasmodesmata and phloem, respectively, and may elicit symptoms in the infected host, with pathogenic pathways linked to RNA silencing and other plant defense responses. In this review, recent advances in the dissection of the complex interplay between viroids and plants are presented, highlighting knowledge gaps and perspectives for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Reflections on a Career in Plant Virology: A Chip Floating on a Stream. 对植物病毒学事业的思考:漂浮在溪流上的芯片。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-105056
Andrew O Jackson
{"title":"Reflections on a Career in Plant Virology: A Chip Floating on a Stream.","authors":"Andrew O Jackson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-105056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-105056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the time I entered college and for a few years afterward, I had very few concrete goals. Hence, my progress was more a matter of luck than planning and was somewhat analogous to a small wood chip floating down a slow stream, bumping into various objects tossed and turned hither and thither, all the while being surrounded by larger and more appealing chips. I have been extremely lucky to have been associated with numerous helpful and knowledgeable mentors, colleagues, postdocs, students, and coworkers whose advice had major impacts on my life. Therefore, throughout this article, I have attempted to acknowledge central individuals who contributed to my progress in academia and to highlight the positive bumps to my chip on the steam that affected the directions of my career.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction. 介绍。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vi-08-072621-100001
Lynn W Enquist, Terence S Dermody, Daniel DiMaio
{"title":"Introduction.","authors":"Lynn W Enquist,&nbsp;Terence S Dermody,&nbsp;Daniel DiMaio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vi-08-072621-100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vi-08-072621-100001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39471072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recurring Revolutions in Virology. 病毒学的反复革命。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vi-08-032921-100002
Lynn W Enquist, Daniel DiMaio, Terence S Dermody
{"title":"Recurring Revolutions in Virology.","authors":"Lynn W Enquist,&nbsp;Daniel DiMaio,&nbsp;Terence S Dermody","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vi-08-032921-100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vi-08-032921-100002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25567271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Ends Dictate the Means: Promoter Switching in Herpesvirus Gene Expression. 目的决定手段:疱疹病毒基因表达中的启动子转换。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-072841
Andrew E Hale, Nathaniel J Moorman
{"title":"The Ends Dictate the Means: Promoter Switching in Herpesvirus Gene Expression.","authors":"Andrew E Hale,&nbsp;Nathaniel J Moorman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-072841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-072841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpesvirus gene expression is dynamic and complex, with distinct complements of viral genes expressed at specific times in different infection contexts. These complex patterns of viral gene expression arise in part from the integration of multiple cellular and viral signals that affect the transcription of viral genes. The use of alternative promoters provides an increased level of control, allowing different promoters to direct the transcription of the same gene in response to distinct temporal and contextual cues. While once considered rare, herpesvirus alternative promoter usage was recently found to be far more pervasive and impactful than previously thought. Here we review several examples of promoter switching in herpesviruses and discuss the functional consequences on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of viral gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39233233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Conquering the Host: Determinants of Pathogenesis Learned from Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68. 征服宿主:小鼠γ疱疹病毒68发病机制的决定因素
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-082615
Yiping Wang, Scott A Tibbetts, Laurie T Krug
{"title":"Conquering the Host: Determinants of Pathogenesis Learned from Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68.","authors":"Yiping Wang,&nbsp;Scott A Tibbetts,&nbsp;Laurie T Krug","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-082615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-082615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gammaherpesviruses are an important class of oncogenic pathogens that are exquisitely evolved to their respective hosts. As such, the human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) do not naturally infect nonhuman primates or rodents. There is a clear need to fully explore mechanisms of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis, host control, and immune evasion in the host. A gammaherpesvirus pathogen isolated from murid rodents was first reported in 1980; 40 years later, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68, MuHV-4, γHV68) infection of laboratory mice is a well-established pathogenesis system recognized for its utility in applying state-of-the-art approaches to investigate virus-host interactions ranging from the whole host to the individual cell. Here, we highlight recent advancements in our understanding of the processes by which MHV68 colonizes the host and drives disease. Lessons that inform KSHV and EBV pathogenesis and provide future avenues for novel interventions against infection and virus-associated cancers are emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9153731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39471074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Integrating Viral Metagenomics into an Ecological Framework. 将病毒宏基因组整合到生态框架中。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010421-053015
Pacifica Sommers, Anushila Chatterjee, Arvind Varsani, Gareth Trubl
{"title":"Integrating Viral Metagenomics into an Ecological Framework.","authors":"Pacifica Sommers,&nbsp;Anushila Chatterjee,&nbsp;Arvind Varsani,&nbsp;Gareth Trubl","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-010421-053015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-010421-053015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral metagenomics has expanded our knowledge of the ecology of uncultured viruses, within both environmental (e.g., terrestrial and aquatic) and host-associated (e.g., plants and animals, including humans) contexts. Here, we emphasize the implementation of an ecological framework in viral metagenomic studies to address questions in virology rarely considered ecological, which can change our perception of viruses and how they interact with their surroundings. An ecological framework explicitly considers diverse variants of viruses in populations that make up communities of interacting viruses, with ecosystem-level effects. It provides a structure for the study of the diversity, distributions, dynamics, and interactions of viruses with one another, hosts, and the ecosystem, including interactions with abiotic factors. An ecological framework in viral metagenomics stands poised to broadly expand our knowledge in basic and applied virology. We highlight specific fundamental research needs to capitalize on its potential and advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39014986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
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