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Annual Review of Virology最新文献

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Advances in Viroid-Host Interactions. 类病毒-宿主相互作用研究进展。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092331
Beatriz Navarro, Ricardo Flores, Francesco Di Serio
{"title":"Advances in Viroid-Host Interactions.","authors":"Beatriz Navarro,&nbsp;Ricardo Flores,&nbsp;Francesco Di Serio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viroids are small, single-stranded, circular RNAs infecting plants. Composed of only a few hundred nucleotides and being unable to code for proteins, viroids represent the lowest level of complexity for an infectious agent, even below that of the smallest known viruses. Despite the relatively small size, viroids contain RNA structural elements embracing all the information needed to interact with host factors involved in their infectious cycle, thus providing models for studying structure-function relationships of RNA. Viroids are specifically targeted to nuclei (family <i>Pospiviroidae</i>) or chloroplasts (family <i>Avsunviroidae</i>), where replication based on rolling-circle mechanisms takes place. They move locally and systemically through plasmodesmata and phloem, respectively, and may elicit symptoms in the infected host, with pathogenic pathways linked to RNA silencing and other plant defense responses. In this review, recent advances in the dissection of the complex interplay between viroids and plants are presented, highlighting knowledge gaps and perspectives for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"305-325"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Reflections on a Career in Plant Virology: A Chip Floating on a Stream. 对植物病毒学事业的思考:漂浮在溪流上的芯片。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-105056
Andrew O Jackson
{"title":"Reflections on a Career in Plant Virology: A Chip Floating on a Stream.","authors":"Andrew O Jackson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-105056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-105056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the time I entered college and for a few years afterward, I had very few concrete goals. Hence, my progress was more a matter of luck than planning and was somewhat analogous to a small wood chip floating down a slow stream, bumping into various objects tossed and turned hither and thither, all the while being surrounded by larger and more appealing chips. I have been extremely lucky to have been associated with numerous helpful and knowledgeable mentors, colleagues, postdocs, students, and coworkers whose advice had major impacts on my life. Therefore, throughout this article, I have attempted to acknowledge central individuals who contributed to my progress in academia and to highlight the positive bumps to my chip on the steam that affected the directions of my career.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"23-50"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction. 介绍。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vi-08-072621-100001
Lynn W Enquist, Terence S Dermody, Daniel DiMaio
{"title":"Introduction.","authors":"Lynn W Enquist,&nbsp;Terence S Dermody,&nbsp;Daniel DiMaio","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vi-08-072621-100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vi-08-072621-100001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39471072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recurring Revolutions in Virology. 病毒学的反复革命。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vi-08-032921-100002
Lynn W Enquist, Daniel DiMaio, Terence S Dermody
{"title":"Recurring Revolutions in Virology.","authors":"Lynn W Enquist,&nbsp;Daniel DiMaio,&nbsp;Terence S Dermody","doi":"10.1146/annurev-vi-08-032921-100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vi-08-032921-100002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"v-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25567271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Conquering the Host: Determinants of Pathogenesis Learned from Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68. 征服宿主:小鼠γ疱疹病毒68发病机制的决定因素
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-082615
Yiping Wang, Scott A Tibbetts, Laurie T Krug
{"title":"Conquering the Host: Determinants of Pathogenesis Learned from Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68.","authors":"Yiping Wang,&nbsp;Scott A Tibbetts,&nbsp;Laurie T Krug","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-082615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-011921-082615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gammaherpesviruses are an important class of oncogenic pathogens that are exquisitely evolved to their respective hosts. As such, the human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) do not naturally infect nonhuman primates or rodents. There is a clear need to fully explore mechanisms of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis, host control, and immune evasion in the host. A gammaherpesvirus pathogen isolated from murid rodents was first reported in 1980; 40 years later, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68, MuHV-4, γHV68) infection of laboratory mice is a well-established pathogenesis system recognized for its utility in applying state-of-the-art approaches to investigate virus-host interactions ranging from the whole host to the individual cell. Here, we highlight recent advancements in our understanding of the processes by which MHV68 colonizes the host and drives disease. Lessons that inform KSHV and EBV pathogenesis and provide future avenues for novel interventions against infection and virus-associated cancers are emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"349-371"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9153731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39471074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Integrating Viral Metagenomics into an Ecological Framework. 将病毒宏基因组整合到生态框架中。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010421-053015
Pacifica Sommers, Anushila Chatterjee, Arvind Varsani, Gareth Trubl
{"title":"Integrating Viral Metagenomics into an Ecological Framework.","authors":"Pacifica Sommers,&nbsp;Anushila Chatterjee,&nbsp;Arvind Varsani,&nbsp;Gareth Trubl","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-010421-053015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-010421-053015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral metagenomics has expanded our knowledge of the ecology of uncultured viruses, within both environmental (e.g., terrestrial and aquatic) and host-associated (e.g., plants and animals, including humans) contexts. Here, we emphasize the implementation of an ecological framework in viral metagenomic studies to address questions in virology rarely considered ecological, which can change our perception of viruses and how they interact with their surroundings. An ecological framework explicitly considers diverse variants of viruses in populations that make up communities of interacting viruses, with ecosystem-level effects. It provides a structure for the study of the diversity, distributions, dynamics, and interactions of viruses with one another, hosts, and the ecosystem, including interactions with abiotic factors. An ecological framework in viral metagenomics stands poised to broadly expand our knowledge in basic and applied virology. We highlight specific fundamental research needs to capitalize on its potential and advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"133-158"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39014986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
The Ends Dictate the Means: Promoter Switching in Herpesvirus Gene Expression. 目的决定手段:疱疹病毒基因表达中的启动子转换。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-072841
Andrew E Hale, Nathaniel J Moorman
{"title":"The Ends Dictate the Means: Promoter Switching in Herpesvirus Gene Expression.","authors":"Andrew E Hale,&nbsp;Nathaniel J Moorman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-072841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-072841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpesvirus gene expression is dynamic and complex, with distinct complements of viral genes expressed at specific times in different infection contexts. These complex patterns of viral gene expression arise in part from the integration of multiple cellular and viral signals that affect the transcription of viral genes. The use of alternative promoters provides an increased level of control, allowing different promoters to direct the transcription of the same gene in response to distinct temporal and contextual cues. While once considered rare, herpesvirus alternative promoter usage was recently found to be far more pervasive and impactful than previously thought. Here we review several examples of promoter switching in herpesviruses and discuss the functional consequences on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of viral gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"201-218"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39233233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Bacteriophage-Bacteria Interactions in the Gut: From Invertebrates to Mammals. 肠道中噬菌体-细菌的相互作用:从无脊椎动物到哺乳动物。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-101238
Joshua M Kirsch, Robert S Brzozowski, Dominick Faith, June L Round, Patrick R Secor, Breck A Duerkop
{"title":"Bacteriophage-Bacteria Interactions in the Gut: From Invertebrates to Mammals.","authors":"Joshua M Kirsch,&nbsp;Robert S Brzozowski,&nbsp;Dominick Faith,&nbsp;June L Round,&nbsp;Patrick R Secor,&nbsp;Breck A Duerkop","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-101238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-101238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages or phages) interact antagonistically and beneficially in polymicrobial communities such as the guts of animals. These interactions are multifaceted and are influenced by environmental conditions. In this review, we discuss phage-bacteria interactions as they relate to the complex environment of the gut. Within the mammalian and invertebrate guts, phages and bacteria engage in diverse interactions including genetic coexistence through lysogeny, and phages directly modulate microbiota composition and the immune system with consequences that are becoming recognized as potential drivers of health and disease. With greater depth of understanding of phage-bacteria interactions in the gut and the outcomes, future phage therapies become possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"95-113"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8484061/pdf/nihms-1727966.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Sex Differences in Respiratory Viral Pathogenesis and Treatments. 呼吸道病毒发病机制及治疗的性别差异。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092720
Rebecca L Ursin, Sabra L Klein
{"title":"Sex Differences in Respiratory Viral Pathogenesis and Treatments.","authors":"Rebecca L Ursin,&nbsp;Sabra L Klein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological sex affects the outcome of diverse respiratory viral infections. The pathogenesis of respiratory infections caused by viruses ranging from respiratory syncytial virus to influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 differs between the sexes across the life course. Generally, males are more susceptible to severe outcomes from respiratory viral infections at younger and older ages. During reproductive years (i.e., after puberty and prior to menopause), females are often at greater risk than males for severe outcomes. Pregnancy and biological sex affect the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections. In addition to sex differences in the pathogenesis of disease, there are consistent sex differences in responses to treatments, with females often developing greater immune responses but experiencing more adverse reactions than males. Animal models provide mechanistic insights into the causes of sex differences in respiratory virus pathogenesis and treatment outcomes, where available.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"393-414"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39072969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Virology in the Classroom: Current Approaches and Challenges to Undergraduate- and Graduate-Level Virology Education. 课堂上的病毒学:当前本科和研究生水平病毒学教育的方法和挑战。
IF 11.3 1区 医学
Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2021-09-29 Epub Date: 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-080047
David B Kushner, Andrew Pekosz
{"title":"Virology in the Classroom: Current Approaches and Challenges to Undergraduate- and Graduate-Level Virology Education.","authors":"David B Kushner,&nbsp;Andrew Pekosz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-080047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-080047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pervasive effects of the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic are but one reason for educators to refocus their efforts on virology teaching. Additionally, it is critical to understand how viruses function and to elucidate the relationship between virus and host. An understanding of current virology education may improve pedagogical approaches for educating our students and trainees. Faculty who teach undergraduate microbiology indicate that approximately 10% of the course content features viruses; stand-alone virology courses are infrequently offered to undergraduates. Fortunately, virology taught to undergraduates includes foundational material; several approaches for delivery of lecture- and lab-based content exist. At the graduate education level, there is growing appreciation that an emphasis on logic, reasoning, inference, and statistics must be reintroduced into the curriculum to create a generation of scientists who have a greater capacity for creativity and innovation. Educators also need to remove barriers to student success, at all levels of education.</p>","PeriodicalId":48761,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Virology","volume":"8 1","pages":"537-558"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39168526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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