Journal of Global Health最新文献

{"title":"Delivering remote pulmonary rehabilitation in Bangladesh: a mixed-method feasibility study.","authors":"G M Monsur Habib, Nazim Uzzaman, Roberto Rabinovich, Sumaiya Akhter, Mustari Sultana, Mohsin Ali, Hilary Pinnock","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04002","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective and essential component of care for the increasing number of individuals with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). Despite the benefits, it remains underutilised and poorly accessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to determine the feasibility of delivering PR in Bangladesh at home because of pandemic travel restrictions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aligned with the Medical Research Council framework of development and evaluation of complex interventions, we recruited individuals with CRDs from the Community Respiratory Centre, Khulna, to a mixed-methods feasibility study. We assessed their functional exercise capacity and quality of life before and after an eight-week course of home PR, and conducted semi-structured interviews with PR providers and professional stakeholders by using a topic guide aligned with the normalisation process theory (NPT) and interpreting the findings within its constructs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 51 out of 61 referred patients with a range of CRDs, of whom 44 (86%) completed ≥70% of their home PR course. Functional exercise capacity, measured by the endurance shuttle walk test, improved in 78% of patients, with 48% exceeding the minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Health-related quality of life, measured by the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test, improved by more than the MCID in 83% of patients. Through the interviews, we found that PR providers encountered challenges in remote video supervision due to unstable internet connections, forcing them to resort to telephone calls. The strength of support for NPT constructs varied; many participants understood and appreciated the role of PR and could make sense of the innovation (NPT-1), and most were assessing the potential of a PR service in Bangladesh to decide if it was worthwhile (NPT-4). Participants were not yet ready to endorse or actively support (NPT-2) or operationalise (NPT-3) the roll-out of PR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A home PR programme, supported by remote supervision and monitoring, is feasible in Bangladesh, but local evidence will be needed to promote implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04002"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of integrating medical oxygen indicators into DHIS-2 on the reporting of hypoxaemia diagnosis and management: the case of Cameroon.","authors":"Yauba Saidu, Clarence Mbanga, Ngassa Andinwoh, Andreas Frambo, Ousmane Diaby, Rogers Ajeh, Audrey Battu, Zakary Katz","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04088","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Between 2021 and 2023, the Cameroon Ministry of Public Health, with support from the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), made considerable investments in establishing a reliable medical oxygen system in Cameroon. To monitor the impact of said investments, medical oxygen indicators were identified and integrated into the country's health information management system. This integration aimed to enhance the collection, reporting, and analysis of medical oxygen data, ultimately improving decision-making regarding oxygen needs, procurement volumes, and patient referrals based on real-time data on the availability of oxygen supplies. Here we outline the integration approach and assess its impact on medical oxygen reporting one year post-investment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adopted an iterative, consultative approach involving multiple meetings and workshops with all key stakeholders to define medical oxygen indicators and their technical specifications, develop the necessary data collection forms and guides, pre-test the defined indicators, review and validate them, and finally integrate them into the District Health Information System 2 (DHIS-2). Following integration, we rolled out the indicators within DHIS-2 nationwide using a two-step process, beginning with cascaded training of regional- and district-level data managers on the reporting of medical oxygen indicators into DHIS-2, and followed by supervision and mentoring. We assessed the impact of this rollout by comparing reporting rates on medical oxygen use before and after the integration and training process.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We validated 15 indicators and integrated them into the DHIS-2, and we trained 218 regional- and district-level data managers from eight of the country's ten regions on leveraging the defined indicators to capture data on medical oxygen use and hypoxaemia management at the facility and input it into the system. We observed a 23% absolute increase in the completeness of medical oxygen reports, with rates rising from 3% in December 2022 (pre-intervention) to 26.2% in December 2023 (one year post-intervention). We also noted a considerable increase in the reporting of case management, with, for instance, the number of newborns diagnosed with hypoxaemia rising from zero pre-integration and training to 213 by March 2024.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integration of medical oxygen indicators into DHIS-2, along with staff training, improved reporting rates for medical oxygen use and hypoxaemia management. Continuous support and infrastructure upgrades are needed to sustain investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building capacity to treat childhood cancer in Papua New Guinea: 'It's a multidisciplinary village'.","authors":"Trisha A Soosay Raj, Jayne Harrison, Claire E Wakefield, Benjamin Daur, Ben Felmingham, Michele Casey, Jordana K McLoone, Michael Sullivan, Sandra E Staffieri, Gwenda Anga","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.03008","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.03008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood cancer outcomes in low- and middle-income countries are impacted by the presentation of advanced disease and limited diagnostic and treatment resources. Papua New Guinea is highly populated with significant health coverage and workforce difficulties, in addition to unique geographical and political challenges affecting childhood cancer care. With improvements in communicable disease management, childhood cancer care has become an emerging need, managed by a dedicated service in Port Moresby General Hospital (PMGH). A longstanding partnership between PMGH and the International Society of Paediatric Oncology Oceania has facilitated the development of a cancer registry, education/training, research, and technical support. We describe an in-country visit comprising a tailored childhood cancer workshop for health care workers, with advocacy and collaboration efforts. Goals included education, childhood cancer registry implementation, clinical support, stakeholder engagement and supply of practical resources. Outcomes include enhanced nursing capacity with the establishment of a national oncology nurses association for peer support and ongoing educational opportunities. Key learnings include identifying palliative care as an unmet need, unique cultural aspects allowing for future targeted education, further collaboration on adapted treatment regimens, and formalised multidisciplinary meetings for enhanced practice. This partnership demonstrates the positive effect of strong local champions partnering with supportive peer relationships in global oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"03008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of COVID-19 death for different cancer types: a large population-based study.","authors":"You Mo, Duncan Wei, Xiaozheng Chen, Zengfu Zhang, Wen Huo, Meng Wu, Dawei Chen, Jinming Yu","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04046","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral mutations and immune dysfunction still lead to recurrent infections of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Our aim in this study was to explore the differences in cumulative risk of COVID-19 death from different cancer types and characterise clinical and demographic factors associated with COVID-19 death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based study using the National Cancer Database, which included all cancer types. We calculated age-standardised mortality, cancer mortality, and COVID-19 mortality. Further, we employed a multivariate competing risk analysis to calculate the cumulative risk of COVID-19 death in different cancer types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>5.3% of cancer patients suffered from COVID-19 death. The highest COVID-19 mortality was in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, while lung and bronchus cancer exhibited lower risk. Notably, years from cancer diagnosis independently predict COVID-19 death. The hazard ratios (HR) in different types of cancers were as follows: lung and bronchus cancer HR = 1.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-1.40, P < 0.001), colon and rectum cancer HR = 1.22 (95% CI = 1.16-1.29, P < 0.001), urinary bladder cancer HR = 1.22 (95% CI = 1.15-1.30, P < 0.001), non-Hodgkin lymphoma HR = 1.17 (95% CI = 1.11-1.23, P < 0.001), kidney cancer HR = 1.15 (95% CI = 1.06-1.24, P < 0.001), and breast cancer HR = 1.11 (95% CI = 1.06-1.16, P < 0.001). Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection did not significantly correlate with COVID-19 death.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We revealed the burden of COVID-19 death across different cancer types. COVID-19 mortality was highest in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and prostate cancer, while patients with lung and bronchus cancer had a lower risk. Years from diagnosis independently predict COVID-19 death. Based on the results, we support more prompt risk assessment and treatment for various types of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of needlestick injuries in dental assistants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiang Zeng, Enhong Li, Yuxin Xu, Yuwei Lin, Yang Xiao, Xuefen Yu","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04030","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are recognised as a major occupational health concern for health care workers, particularly dental assistants who frequently handle sharp instruments. However, little attention has been paid to this vulnerable group. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the prevalence of NSIs among dental assistants and identify associated risk factors to promote the safety level of dental assistants and the development of prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed PRISMA guidelines and registered the protocol with PROSPERO (CRD 42023404766), searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Ovid databases for studies published between January 2000 and January 2023. We selected relevant studies by screening titles and abstracts, and then evaluated the full texts. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for prevalence studies proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies involving 2663 dental assistants were included. The pooled NSIs prevalence was 44% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.59), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 98.5%). High-risk procedures were cleaning instrument and handling syringes. Subgroup analysis indicated a declining NSI prevalence trend (53 to 34%). In terms of the degree of national development, NSI prevalence was higher in developed countries (47%) than in developing countries (36%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 44% prevalence of NSIs among dental assistants implies a non-negligible risk. Instrument cleaning and the handling of local anaesthetic syringes are the principal procedures and associated factors contributing to their NSI exposure.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42023404766).</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04030"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of post-discharge hospitalisation on the growth of young Bangladeshi children hospitalised with diarrhoea: a secondary case-control analysis of Antibiotics for Children with Diarrhea (ABCD) trial.","authors":"Md Farhad Kabir, Irin Parvin, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Rina Das, Mst Mahmuda Ackhter, Tahmina Alam, Sharmin Khanam, Jannat Sultana, Shajeda Nasrin, Rumana Sharmin, Mohammad Tashfiq Ahmed, Mehnaz Kamal, Md Tanveer Faruk, Sharika Nuzhat, Farzana Afroze, Tahmeed Ahmed, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04039","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the scarcity of published data on growth among children with severe diarrhoea requiring readmission during post-discharge follow-up, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of post-discharge readmission at day-90 follow-up on growth in diarrheal children aged 2-23 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a secondary analysis using Bangladesh site data from the Antibiotic for Children with Diarrhea (ABCD) trial, a multi-country, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted from July 2017 to July 2019. Children aged 2-23 months who had severe diarrhoea defined as having acute diarrhoea with some/severe dehydration, or severe stunting, or moderate wasting, were admitted to the facility. In this analysis, we classified children who were re-hospitalised within a 90-day post-discharge follow-up period as cases and randomly selected controls who did not require re-hospitalisation, matching them by similar ages and sexes in a 1:3 ratio. We gathered anthropometric data on enrolment and day 90 follow-up. The outcome variables were changes in nutritional indicators height-for-age (ΔHAZ), weight-for-age (ΔWAZ), weight-for-height (ΔWHZ), and mid-upper arm circumference (ΔMUAC). We assessed for growth changes at day 90 post-discharge follow-up using multivariate linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1431 diarrhoeal children enrolled, we identified 145 cases and 435 controls. In terms of the baseline admission characteristics, the cases were less likely to be immunised (81% vs. 72%; P = 0.031), vomit (11% vs. 22%; P = 0.001), and have dehydrating diarrhoea (26% vs. 36%; P = 0.026) than the controls. After adjusting for potential covariates, the cases had a significant reduction in growth than the controls at 90 days of post-discharge follow-up, according to anthropometric indices: ΔHAZ (β = -0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.21, -0.01; P = 0.029), ΔWAZ (β = -0.24; 95% CI = -0.35, -0.14; P < 0.001), ΔWHZ (β = -0.25; 95% CI = -0.39, -0.12; P < 0.001), and ΔMUAC (for children 6-23 months, β = -0.17; 95% CI = -0.29, -0.04; P = 0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diarrhoeal children aged 2-23 months requiring readmission during the 90-day post-discharge follow-up period had a significant deterioration of ponderal and linear growth, compared with those who did not require readmission. This finding underscores the importance of early identification of children with risks of post-discharge readmission and designing a package of post-discharge trials, including social and nutritional interventions that may help to reduce post-discharge readmissions as well as subsequent growth faltering.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 'Double Reduction' policy on the trend of myopia in school-aged children in Eastern China.","authors":"Xiaojun Hu, Weiming Yang, Haodong Ling, Tao Li, Chang Liu, Ruoyan Wei, Zhi Chen, Jiaqi Zhou, Xiaoying Wang, Xiaodong Zhou, Xiaolei Lin, Meiyan Li, Xingtao Zhou","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04038","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high prevalence of myopia among school-aged children has become a significant global challenge. Implementing effective measures, including public policies, is essential to reducing its progression. In this study, we aimed to estimate the impact of the 'Double Reduction' policy, introduced in July 2021, on myopia progression among school-aged children in Eastern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal observational study from September 2019 to August 2022 in two cities in Eastern China. The study participants were schoolchildren receiving compulsory education from grades one to nine. We performed a regression discontinuity analysis to calculate the differences in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) pre- and post-policy using both community-based and hospital-based cohort data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the included 136 616 participants, 65 903 (48.24%) were girls. The mean age was 10.24 years (standard deviation (SD) = 2.94). Baseline SE averaged -1.47 D (standard error of the mean (SEM) = 0.01), and AL averaged 24.27 mm (SEM = 0.01). After one year of policy implementation, myopic progression was estimated to slow by 0.058 D (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.043, 0.059) and -0.009 mm (95% CI = -0.05, 0.033) in the right eye within the hospital-based cohort. The community-based cohort showed a similar trend, with a change in SE of 0.115 D (95% CI = 0.017, 0.208) and AL of -0.163mm (95% CI = -0.375, 0.052). The policy had a greater effect on the participants with mild to moderate myopia compared to those with high myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 'Double Reduction' policy slowed the myopia shift at the population level after one year of implementation. A public policy on education reduction might play a role in controlling myopia among schoolchildren, particularly in countries with high myopia prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions to reduce the effects of air pollution and of extreme heat on maternal, newborn, and child health outcomes: a mapping of the literature.","authors":"Joe Strong, Rachael Barrett, Ziyaad Surtee, Maggie O'Hare, Francesca Conway, Anayda Portela","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04035","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an increasing awareness of the ongoing and projected impacts of air pollution and of extreme heat on maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) outcomes, showing significant short and long-term health problems. There is a dearth of information available for policy makers on interventions that have been implemented to reduce the impact on MNCH, impeding the integration of action into health planning. This paper presents an inventory of interventions aimed at reducing the effects of these two climate hazards on MNCH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review of articles published in three databases and grey literature to identify and map interventions implemented to address the impact of air pollution and/or extreme heat on MNCH. Items were included if published between January 2016 and November 2022, regardless of language, and as this is an inventory, regardless of if the intervention was evaluated. Over 32 700 journal items were reviewed for inclusion and a sample of grey literature from web-based searches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A final inventory of 76 items were included. Interventions identified were primarily based in the Global North (n = 51), with the largest proportion in the USA (n = 17), while 32 items were based in the Global South. Fifty-seven items focused on air pollution, 18 on extreme heat, and one on both. Interventions were categorised in four adapted socioecological components: (i) individual and household interventions (n = 30), (ii) community and service interventions (n = 18), (iii) structural interventions and urban landscape interventions (n = 15), (iv) policy interventions (n = 16). Most items were focused on child health outcomes (n = 65); 61 items were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This scoping review maps interventions implemented and proposes a categorisation of these to initiate reflections and dialogue on what has been done and how to start building an evidence base. The review also highlights gaps in interventions and the knowledge base, with most interventions implemented to address air pollution, in the Global North and most addressing child health need. As country programmes seek to address the impact of climate change on MNCH, additional efforts are needed to better understand what has been done, document lessons learned, agree on common outcome measurements and feasible study designs for evaluation to start building the evidence base.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04035"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coal: in a burning world, the dark side of energy still rules.","authors":"Helotonio Carvalho","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.03007","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.03007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The world registered record temperatures in the last years, with 2024 being the hottest year ever recorded and the first one to surpass the 1.5ºC limit defined by the Paris Agreement. Coal was key to the Industrial Revolution and along with petroleum, was essential to world development. However, coal is the most pollutant of fossil fuels, generating more CO₂ and particulate material. Coal-derived air pollution is associated with several diseases including respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease and lung cancer. Air pollution caused by coal and other fossil fuels causes millions of deaths a year. Despite its negative impacts on human health and climate change, coal has been extensively used for electricity generation in the last four decades and is still responsible for more than 35% of all the electricity produced in the world, with countries like Australia, Indonesia, Poland, India and China showing a much higher coal dependency from 45% to 75% in 2023. However, countries like UK, Denmark, Portugal and Spain heavily reduced coal use showing that a transition away from coal is possible and could be used by other nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"03007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11825118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals' positive gains from the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study across 30 countries.","authors":"Jiaying Li, Patricia M Davidson, Daniel Yee Tak Fong, Yaqin Li, Kris Yuet Wan Lok, Janet Yuen Ha Wong, Mandy Man Ho, Edmond Pui Hang Choi, Vinciya Pandian, Wenjie Duan, Marie Tarrant, Jung Jae Lee, Chia-Chin Lin, Oluwadamilare Akingbade, Khalid M Alabdulwahhab, Mohammad Shakil Ahmad, Mohamed Alboraie, Meshari A Alzahrani, Anil S Bilimale, Sawitree Boonpatcharanon, Samuel Byiringiro, Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan, Luisa Clausi Schettini, Walter Corzo, Josephine M De Leon, Anjanette S De Leon, Hiba Deek, Fabio Efficace, Mayssah A El Nayal, Fathiya El-Raey, Eduardo Ensaldo-Carrasco, Pilar Escotorin, Oluwadamilola Agnes Fadodun, Israel Opeyemi Fawole, Yong-Shian Shawn Goh, Devi Irawan, Naimah Ebrahim Khan, Binu Koirala, Ashish Krishna, Cannas Kwok, Tung Thanh Le, Daniela Giambruno Leal, Miguel Ángel Lezana-Fernández, Emery Manirambona, Leandro Cruz Mantoani, Fernando Meneses-González, Iman Elmahdi Mohamed, Madeleine Mukeshimana, Chinh Thi Minh Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh Nguyen, Khanh Thi Nguyen, Son Truong Nguyen, Mohd Said Nurumal, Aimable Nzabonimana, Nagla Abdelrahim Mohamed Ahmed Omer, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Angela Chiu Yin Poon, Areli Reséndiz-Rodriguez, Busayasachee Puang-Ngern, Ceryl G Sagun, Riyaz Ahmed Shaik, Nikhil Gauri Shankar, Kathrin Sommer, Edgardo Toro, Hanh Thi Hong Tran, Elvira L Urgel, Emmanuel Uwiringiyimana, Tita Vanichbuncha, Naglaa Youssef","doi":"10.7189/jogh.15.04091","DOIUrl":"10.7189/jogh.15.04091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the limited understanding of individuals' positive gains, this study aimed to identify these gains that could be leveraged by policymakers to enhance future health and societal resilience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a global qualitative approach to survey adults over 18 from 30 countries across six World Health Organization (WHO) regions, who detailed up to three personal positive gains from COVID-19 pandemic via an open-ended question. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to identify main themes, and quantitative methods were used for demographic and regional comparisons based on the percentage of responses for each theme.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 35 911 valid responses provided by 13 853 participants, six main themes (one negative theme), 39 subthemes, and 673 codes were identified. Five positive gain themes emerged, ordered by response frequency: 1) improved health awareness and practices; 2) strengthened social bonds and trust; 3) multi-dimensional personal growth; 4) resilience and preparedness building; 5) accelerated digital transformation. The percentage of responses under these themes consistently appeared in the same order across various demographic groups and economic development levels. However, there were variations in the predominant theme across WHO regions and countries, with either Theme 1, Theme 2, or Theme 3 having the highest percentage of responses. Although our study primarily focused on positive gains, unexpectedly, 12% of responses (4304) revealed 'negative gains', leading to an unforeseen theme: 'Distrust and emerging vulnerabilities.' While this deviates from our main topic, we retained it as it provides valuable insights. Notably, these 'negative gains' had a higher percentage of responses in areas like Burundi (94.1%), Rwanda (31.8%), Canada (26.9%), and in the African Region (37.7%) and low-income (43.9%) countries, as well as among non-binary individuals, those with lower education, and those facing employment challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Globally, the identified diverse positive gains guide the domains in which health policies and practices can transform these transient benefits into enduring improvements for a healthier, more resilient society. However, variations in thematic responses across demographics, countries, and regions highlights need for tailored health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48734,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Health","volume":"15 ","pages":"04091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11827041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}