Journal of Synchrotron Radiation最新文献

{"title":"Counting multiple X-rays per pulse with an avalanche photodiode detector.","authors":"Liam T Powers, Aidan M Jacobsen, Stephen M Durbin","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525002462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avalanche photodiode detectors (APDs) at X-ray synchrotrons are typically limited to recording at most one photon per synchrotron pulse. Digitizing the APD amplifier outputs enables signal processing to accurately measure a mean count rate of at least four photons per pulse based on initial synchrotron measurements. Higher rates are readily achievable. This method allows APDs to be utilized for time-resolved measurements at much higher intensities than before.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"629-633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a multi-functional chamber for resonant X-ray scattering experiments in the tender X-ray regime at the PAL-XFEL.","authors":"Soon Hee Park, Seonghan Kim, Jaeku Park, Seokhwan Yun, Jaehong Jeong, Je Geun Park, Kyung Sook Kim, Tae Kyu Choi, Intae Eom, Dogeun Jang, Minseok Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Sang Youn Park, Hyunjung Kim, Sae Hwan Chun","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525002899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hard X-ray undulator line at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) provides a wide range of photon energies encompassing both the tender (2-5 keV) and hard (5-15 keV) X-ray regimes. Its Femtosecond X-ray Scattering (FXS) endstation is dedicated to research in condensed matter physics and materials science, and supports various time-resolved X-ray experiments, such as diffraction, spectroscopy and resonant X-ray scattering. We report the development of a multi-functional chamber at the FXS endstation to support the experiments in the tender X-ray regime where significant air scattering and absorption pose challenges. This chamber enables optical-pump/X-ray-probe experiments in a vacuum environment, with its functionality demonstrated through time-resolved resonant elastic X-ray scattering experiments on a ruthenate Li₂RuO₃ near the Ru L₃ (∼2.84 keV) absorption edge. Designed to readily accommodate modular instruments, the chamber offers flexibility to provide diverse experiment conditions requested by users at the FXS endstation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"539-547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status and perspective of protein crystallography at the first multi-bend achromat based synchrotron MAX IV.","authors":"Ana Gonzalez, Tobias Krojer, Jie Nan, Monika Bjelčić, Swati Aggarwal, Ishkan Gorgisyan, Mirko Milas, Mikel Eguiraun, Cecilia Casadei, Manoop Chenchiliyan, Andrius Jurgilaitis, David Kroon, Byungnam Ahn, John Carl Ekström, Oskar Aurelius, Dean Lang, Thomas Ursby, Marjolein M G M Thunnissen","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002255","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525002255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first multi-bend achromat based synchrotron MAX IV operates two protein crystallography beamlines, BioMAX and MicroMAX. BioMAX is designed as a versatile, stable, high-throughput beamline catering for most protein crystallography experiments. MicroMAX is a more ambitious beamline dedicated to serial crystallography including time-resolved experiments. Both beamlines exploit the special characteristics of fourth-generation beamlines provided by the 3 GeV ring of MAX IV. In addition, the fragment-based drug discovery platform, FragMAX, is hosted and, at the FemtoMAX beamline, protein diffraction experiments exploring ultrafast time resolution can be performed. A technical and operational overview of the different beamlines and the platform is given as well as an outlook for protein crystallography embedded in the wider possibilities that MAX IV offers to users in the life sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"779-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The High Energy diffraction beamline at the Canadian Light Source.","authors":"Aly Rahemtulla, Graham King, Ariel Gomez, Narayan Appathurai, Adam F G Leontowich, Rielly Castle, Nicholas Burns, Chang Yong Kim, Beatriz Moreno, Stefan Kycia","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001262","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The design, performance, and capabilities of the High Energy beamline at the Brockhouse Sector of the Canadian Light Source are described. The beamline uses a single bent silicon wafer as a side-bounce Laue monochromator, using the (111), (422), or (533) hkl reflections to access energies ranging from 25 to 90 keV. The cryogenically cooled crystal serves as the only optical element in the beamline providing a simple, convenient, and reliable configuration. The bending provides a vertical focus as small as 20 µm. The flux ranges from 1 × 10¹⁰ to 1 × 10¹³ photons s^-1, depending on the energy, with typical pre-monochromator slit settings. A large translation table in the hutch moves to follow the beam as the energy is changed. Data are collected using large area detectors. Common uses include rapid collection of powder diffraction data, penetration of thick samples and devices, high pressure diffraction, and pair distribution function measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"750-756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using an acoustic levitator at the European XFEL.","authors":"Wonhyuk Jo, Johannes Möller, Jörg Hallmann, James Wrigley, Jan Etienne Pudell, Ulrike Boesenberg, Felix Brausse, Angel Rodriguez-Fernandez, Alexey Zozulya, Roman Shayduk, Anders Madsen","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525002875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The structural and dynamical properties of soft-matter systems play an important role in crystallization and nucleation theory. Despite their significance, the dynamical properties are still poorly understood because of experimental constraints and the requirement of performing measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we demonstrate MHz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) using a contactless sample holder at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser. A millimetre-sized liquid sample droplet was levitated in air via acoustic waves with the solvent slowly evaporating. A colloidal suspension of silica nanospheres was used to track the structural evolutions using small-angle X-ray scattering, and the dynamical information was captured by time-resolved MHz XPCS as a function of evaporation time. This study outlines a new path towards the investigation of metastable structure and dynamics using X-ray speckle techniques, for instance, XPCS, X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy and X-ray cross-correlation analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"669-677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144055165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The macromolecular crystallography beamlines of the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin at the BESSY II storage ring: history, current status and future directions.","authors":"Uwe Mueller, Tatjana Barthel, Laila S Benz, Volodymyr Bon, Thomas Crosskey, Camilla Genter Dieguez, Ronald Förster, Christine Gless, Thomas Hauß, Udo Heinemann, Michael Hellmig, David James, Frank Lennartz, Melanie Oelker, Ruslan Ovsyannikov, Parinita Singh, Markus C Wahl, Gert Weber, Manfred S Weiss","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001110","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2003, the Macromolecular Crystallography (MX) group at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) has been operating three MX beamlines at the BESSY II storage ring in Berlin. These beamlines were established to support the emerging structural genomics initiatives founded in Germany, Europe, and overseas around the turn of the century. Over the past two decades, these beamlines have been continuously developed to enable state-of-the-art diffraction experiments and to provide supporting facilities such as a sample preparation laboratory, a spectroscopy laboratory, a Biosafety Level 1 laboratory and all necessary computing resources for the MX and chemical crystallography user community. Currently, more than 100 independent research groups from the greater Berlin area, Germany, and Europe utilize these beamlines. Over time, more than 4500 Protein Data Bank depositions have been accrued based on data collected at the beamlines. This paper presents historical aspects of the beamlines, their current status including their research output, and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"766-778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution in situ characterization of laser powder bed fusion via transmission X-ray microscopy at X-ray free-electron lasers.","authors":"Zane Taylor, Tharun Reddy, Lichao Fang, Patrick Oppermann, Patrick L Kramer, Franz Josef Decker, Matthew Seaberg, Matthieu Chollet, Tim van Driel, Alex Halavanau, Philip Hart, Matthew Dayton, Frank Seiboth, Wenxin Wang, Carolyn Gee, Abigail Wilson, Rachel Margraf-O'Neal, Gourab Chatterjee, Ying Chen, Ilana J P Molesky, Yifan Wang, Sara Irvine, Jade Stanton, Cynthia Melendrez, Kelsey Banta, Silke Nelson, Vivek Thampy, Kento Katagiri, Morten Haubro, Sen Liu, Dayeeta Pal, Lauren Moghimi, Christopher Tassone, Leora Dresselhaus-Marais","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001675","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we describe the instrumentation used to perform the first operando transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and simultaneous X-ray diffraction of laser melting simulating laser powder bed fusion on the XCS instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). Our TXM with 40× magnification in the X-ray regime at 11 keV gave spatial resolutions down to 940 nm per line pair, with effective pixel sizes down to 206 nm, image integration times of <100 fs, and frame rates tunable between 2.1 and 119 ns for two probe frames (0.48 GHz to 8.4 MHz). Images were recorded on Zyla and Icarus (UXI) detectors to trade off between spatial resolution and time dynamics. A 1 kW CW IR laser was coupled into the interaction point to conduct pump-probe studies of laser melting and solidification dynamics. Our temporal and spatial resolution with attenuation-based contrast exceeds that currently possible with synchrotron-based high-speed radiography. This system was sensitive to feature velocities of 10-12000 m s^-1 but we did not observe any motion in this range in the laser melting of Al6061 alloy. Shockwaves were not observed and hot cracking proceeded at velocities below the detection limits. Pore accumulation was observed between successive shots, indicating that bubble escape mechanisms were not active. With proper experimental design, the spatial resolution, contrast and field of view could be further improved or modified. The increased brightness and narrower bandwidth of the XFEL allowed for this imaging technique and it lays the groundwork for a wide range of operando techniques to study additive manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"524-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present and future structural biology activities at DESY and the European XFEL. Erratum.","authors":"Dominik Oberthür, Johanna Hakanpää, Spyros Chatziefthymiou, Guilllaume Pompidor, Richard Bean, Henry N Chapman, Edgar Weckert","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525003728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525003728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A correction in the paper by Oberthür et al. [(2025). J. Synchrotron Rad. 32, 474-485] is made.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural dependency of polymer dynamics by means of small-angle X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering on the D2AM beamline.","authors":"Grégory Stoclet, Duncan Schwaller, Romain Garlet, Frédéric Livet, Gilbert A Chahine, Nils Blanc, Maxime Dupraz","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525001626","DOIUrl":"10.1107/S1600577525001626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) has become a pivotal technique for exploring nanoscale dynamic phenomena across various materials, facilitated by advancements in synchrotron radiation sources and beamline upgrades. The recent Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS) upgrade at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, has notably improved brilliance and coherence length, thereby enhancing the capabilities of XPCS and related techniques. Here, we present a dedicated setup on the D2AM beamline at the ESRF, enabling simultaneous XPCS and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The setup developed and its performance are detailed in the first part. Then, the XPCS capabilities are evaluated by studying polymer-based materials, with particular attention to the effects of temperature, crystallinity and macromolecular orientation on polymer dynamics. The study on the influence of temperature revealed that XPCS in the case of entangled polymers is an efficient technique to probe the dynamics of the macromolecular network, complementary to classical spectroscopy techniques. In addition, in situ measurements during the polymer crystallization revealed that increased crystallinity slows down macromolecular dynamics. Conversely, studies on stretched samples indicate that macromolecular orientation accelerates these dynamics. This work represents a novel investigation into the effect of crystallinity on macromolecular dynamics using XPCS, opening new avenues for research in polymer science.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":" ","pages":"649-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of portable nanofocusing optics for X-ray free-electron laser pulses.","authors":"Yuichi Inubushi, Gota Yamaguchi, Jumpei Yamada, Yuya Kubota, Ichiro Inoue, Taito Osaka, Toshinori Yabuuchi, Kensuke Tono, Makina Yabashi","doi":"10.1107/S1600577525002279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577525002279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the development of a portable and compact nanofocusing system utilizing Kirkpatrick-Baez optics for X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). The system has a total length of merely 340 mm from the initial elliptical mirror to the focal point. With this setup, we achieve focusing capabilities reaching dimensions as small as 150 nm horizontally and 220 nm vertically, resulting in an intense beam with an intensity of 2.5 × 10¹⁹ W cm^-2 for a 10 keV XFEL with a pulse energy of 110 µJ. As a demonstration of its applicability in X-ray nonlinear optics, we successfully observed an 8.64 keV Zn Kα laser by irradiating a Zn foil with the focused XFEL beam. The attained photon energy is currently the highest photon energy for amplified spontaneous emission via bound-bound transitions of electrons in the world. We anticipate that this portable and compact nanofocusing system will pave the way for new frontiers in X-ray nonlinear optics and high-energy density science, owing to its adaptability to various experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48729,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","volume":"32 Pt 3","pages":"534-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}