Mycosphere最新文献

{"title":"Taxonomy, phylogeny and divergence times of Polyporus (Basidiomycota) and related genera","authors":"X. Ji, J. Zhou, C. Song, T. Xu, DM Wu, B. Cui","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/1","url":null,"abstract":"Polyporus is a taxonomically controversial genus which includes species belonging to six infrageneric groups. Recently, many species of Polyporus have been transferred into other related genera viz. Cerioporus, Favolus, Lentinus, Neofavolus and Picipes based on the phylogenetic and morphological analyses. To ascertain the relationships of Polyporus and its allied genera, eight DNA fragments viz. the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with the 5.8S rDNA (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU), partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), the mitochondrial small-subunit (mtSSU), the β-tubulin gene (TUB), the gene for RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), the gene for RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and the nuclear ribosomal small subunit (nSSU), are used in the molecular systematic studies. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on two combined datasets (ITS+nLSU) and (ITS+nLSU+EF1α+mtSSU+RPB1+RPB2+nSSU+TUB), and the results indicated that species of Polyporus and its related genera fell into six well supported clades: the picipes clade, the favolus calde, the neofavolus clade, the lentinus clade, the core polyporus clade and the squamosus clade. Moreover, the conserved regions of six DNA fragments (5.8S, nLSU, EF1-α, RPB1, RPB2 and nSSU) were used to analyze the divergence times and evolutionary relationships of Polyporus and its related genera by using BEAST v1.8. Bayesian evolutionary analysis revealed that the ancestor of Polyporales split at about 141.81 Mya, while the mean stem ages of the six major clades of Polyporus and its allied genera were 49–63 Mya. Based on the combined analyses of morphology, phylogenies and divergence times, species in the picipes clade formed the genus Picipes by the coriaceous (fresh) to hard (dry) basidiomata and strongly branched skeleto-binding hyphae; species nested in the favolus clade and the neofavolus clade were separately treated as two distinct genera Favolus and Neofavolus; the polyporoid species in the lentinus clade with central and light-colored stipe and inflated hyphae were transferred into Lentinus, and the core polyporus clade was treated as Polyporus s. str. The squamosus clade contained species belonging to several different genera viz. Datronia, Datroniella, Echinochaete, Mycobonia, Neodatronia, Polyporus s. lat. and Pseudofavolus, but there are no enough efficient morphological evidence to combine all species in the squamosus Mycosphere 13(1): 1–52 (2022) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71234821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnaporthiopsis species associated with patch diseases of turfgrasses in Australia","authors":"P. Wong, YP Tan, T. Weese, R. Shivas","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/5","url":null,"abstract":"Isolates of Magnaporthiopsis (Magnaporthaceae, Magnaporthales) were obtained from turfgrass species with patch disease symptoms in sports fields and golf courses in eastern Australia. Patch disease was characterised by plants with root rot, vascular discolouration and dark, ectotrophic mycelium on the root surfaces. Four new species, Magnaporthiopsis dharug , M. gadigal , M. gumbaynggirr and M. yugambeh , are described based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated partial DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, RNA polymerase II largest subunit ( RPB1 ) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( TEF1α ). The descriptions of the fungi include morphological characteristics and host associations. Magnaporthiopsis dharug was isolated from diseased roots of Cynodon dactylon (couch grass, Bermudagrass), Festuca rubra ssp. commutata (Chewing’s fescue) and Poa annua (winter grass); M. gadigal from diseased roots of Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu grass); M. gumbaynggirr from diseased roots of C. dactylon ; and M. yugambeh from diseased roots of P. annua . µm wide, forming mycelial strands and curling back at the Conidiophores hyaline, single or branched. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, phialidic, straight or curved, 5–20 x 2–4 µm, narrowed at the base and tapering at the apex. Conidia hyaline, ovoid or cylindrical, mostly straight or slightly curved, 6–10 (–12) x 3–4 µm, apex rounded, base acute, aseptate, hyaline, smooth. Ascomata not observed in culture or on infected material.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten important forest fungal pathogens: a review on their emergence and biology","authors":"D. Gomdola, CS Bhunjun, K. Hyde, R. Jeewon, D. Pem, R. Jayawardena","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/6","url":null,"abstract":"Plant pathogenic fungi and fungus-like taxa (oomycetes) form part of the ecological makeup of healthy natural forest ecosystems. Some help to eliminate unhealthy trees, while others are essential for the conservation of plant species diversity, particularly soil-borne pathogens. However, many fungal pathogens also have devastating effects on forest ecosystems. Disease impacts are more profound when pathogens newly emerge and these can even wipe out an entire tree population. These organisms have developed a plethora of strategies to colonize and infect plants and there are several factors causing pathogens to emerge. Therefore, to prevent emerging diseases, a thorough understanding of the factors causing them is necessary. It is also important to have a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of disease development and propagation to design effective control measures. In this review, we describe the phenomenon of emerging and reemerging pathogens by exemplifying ten important recently emerged forest pathogenic fungi and fungus-like taxa, namely, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, Ceratocystis fimbriata, Fusarium circinatum, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Phyllosticta citricarpa, Neonectria faginata, Sphaerulina musiva, Phytophthora pluvialis, P. agathidicida, and Melampsora × columbiana. They have been listed in order of the most cited to the least cited species based on data obtained from the Web of Science. We provide a review for each species to document its emergence and its negative impact on the host(s). We also revise their taxonomic placement, host and country details, and provide updated phylogenetic trees for each genus. The number of accepted species based on molecular data is also","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trechisporales emended with a segregation of Sistotremastrales ord. nov. (Basidiomycota)","authors":"Sl Liu, Shuang-Hui He, Xw Wang, T. May, G. He, Sl Chen, LW Zhou","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diaporthe: formalizing the species-group concept","authors":"C. Norphanphoun, E. Gentekaki, S. Hongsanan, R. Jayawardena, I. Senanayake, I. Manawasinghe, PD Abeywickrama, CS Bhunjun, K. Hyde","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021","authors":"Nn Wijayawardene, K. Hyde, DQ Dai, M. Sánchez-García, BT Goto, Rk Saxena, M. Erdoğdu, F. Selçuk, K. Rajeshkumar, A. Aptroot, J. Błaszkowski, N. Boonyuen, Gálber S. B. da Silva, FA de Souza, W. Dong, D. Ertz, D. Haelewaters, Ebg Jones, S. Karunarathna, P. Kirk, M. Kukwa, J. Kumla, DV Leontyev, H. Lumbsch, S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura, F. Marguno, P. Martínez-Rodríguez, A. Mešić, JS Monteiro, F. Oehl, J. Pawłowska, D. Pem, Wp Pfliegler, A. Phillips, A. Pošta, Mq He, Jx Li, M. Raza, OP Sruthi, S. Suetrong, N. Suwannarach, L. Tedersoo, V. Thiyagaraja, S. Tibpromma, Z. Tkalčec, YS Tokarev, Dn Wanasinghe, D. Wijesundara, Sdmk Wimalaseana, H. Madrid, Gq Zhang, Y. Gao, I. Sánchez-Castro, LZ Tang, M. Stadler, A. Yurkov, M. Thines","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71235268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis demonstrating four new species in Megasporoporia sensu lato (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)","authors":"Y. Wang","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/11","url":null,"abstract":"Megasporoporia sensu lato is a common polypore genus in tropics, the members of which are readily recognized in the field because of their resupinate, light-coloured basidiocarps with big pores. The species of the genus usually grow on fresh fallen trunks and branches. The genus was recognized as polyphyletic by molecular analyses and divided into three genera: Megasporia, Megasporoporia sensu stricto and Megasporoporiella. In the present study, phylogenies based on the combined 2-gene (ITS + nLSU) and 4-gene (ITS + nLSU + mtSSU + TEF) sequences datasets of Megasporoporia sensu lato are analysed, and 21 lineages nested in three clades (the Megasporia clade, the Megasporoporia sensu stricto clade and the Megasporoporiella clade) are formed. Based on morphological examination, four new species, Megasporia bambusae, Megasporia fusiformis, Megasporoporia inflata and Megasporoporiella australiae, are described based on materials from Australia, China and Malaysia, and a new combination, Megasporoporiella hubeiensis comb. nov., is proposed. Megasporoporiella pseudocavernulosa is selected as the type species of Megasporoporiella because the previous type species Megasporoporiella cavernulosa was misidentified. Polyporus megasporoporus is the revised name for Megasporoporiella lacerata. In addition, a comparison of main characteristics and an identification key of Megasporoporia sensu lato are provided.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71233354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life in leaf litter: Fungal community succession during decomposition","authors":"D. Tennakoon","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/5","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf litter decomposition plays a vital role in the nutrient budget of forest ecosystems. Fungal communities colonising leaf litter are “key players” in decomposition and nutrient recycling, because of their ability to produce a wide range of extracellular enzymes that facilitate breakdown of leaf litter. Fungal colonization of decomposing leaf litter is a sequential process during which fungal communities tend to change both quantitatively and qualitatively. Most previous studies on fungal succession have taken synecological approaches, recording fungal species assemblages at different stages of decomposition in various plant species. This paper brings together various studies on leaf litter decomposition, fungal succession of leaf litter including study methods, succession stages, controlling factors, limitations and future perspectives. We discuss high throughput methods as emerging complementary approaches to better understand species diversity and community dynamics. We propose the importance of current approaches combining morphological and molecular data in fungal succession studies. Nevertheless, there are still opportunities for further breakthroughs in this area as few research groups have applied these techniques to fungal succession experiments.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71234365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphomolecular taxonomic studies reveal a high number of endophytic fungi from Magnolia candolli and M. garrettii in China and Thailand","authors":"N. D. DE SILVA","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71234810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic studies of Coronophorales and Niessliaceae (Hypocreomycetidae)","authors":"Sk Huang","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/12/1/9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71234595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}