Palaeoworld最新文献

{"title":"A new extinct member of the resin producer group of the Mexican amber: Hymenaeaphyllum mirandae n. gen. n. sp. (Detarioideae-Leguminosae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most important amber deposits with bioinclusion outcrops in Chiapas, southern Mexico, dated ca. 23–15 Ma (early–middle Miocene). Angiosperms (flowering plants) are the most frequently recorded group, with ca. 16 families based principally on fossil flowers and occasional leaves, including members of Leguminosae. This study reports new bifoliolate-compound leaves preserved in Mexican amber, represented by a pair of leaflets marginally attached to a short petiole. Each leaflet is ovate to oblong with an entire margin and has an acuminate apex with a pinnate primary vein. Their characteristics are comparable with bifoliate compound leaves of extant members of Cercidoideae, Caesalpinioideae, and Detarioideae subfamilies. Their asymmetrical base, brochidodromous secondary veins, and abundant translucid glands allow establishment of a new extinct resin-producing member of the Hymenaea clade (Detarieae, Detarioideae), <em>Hymenaeaphyllum mirandae</em> n. gen. n. sp. Hymenaea clade includes <em>Guibourtia</em>, <em>Hymenaea</em>, and <em>Peltogyne</em>, all with similar foliar architecture and other plant characteristics, including reproductive structures. The connection of <em>Hymenaeaphyllum mirandae</em> with extinct members of resin-producing plants recognized previously is uncertain. The discovery of <em>Hymenaeaphyllum mirandae</em> in the Mexican amber suggests that the Boreotropical Flora extended to low latitudes of North America during the Miocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1710-1726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New data on the Cambrian–Ordovician (Tremadocian) conodont biostratigraphy of Guizhou Province, Southwest China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>This report documents conodont<span> biostratigraphic successions from the Sandu and Honghuayuan sections located in the southeastern and northern parts of the Guizhou Province. The Sandu section, palaeogeographically located close to the inner margin of the Jiangnan Slope, contains two proto-and paraconodont assemblages of the Miaolingian to early Furongian<span> age recovered from the Sandu Formation and latest Furongian to early Tremadocian </span></span></span><em>Cordylodus lindstromi</em> and <em>Cordylodus angulatus</em><span> zones recovered from the overlying Guotang Formation. The Honghuayuan section, located within the Sichuan Basin in the central part of the Yangtze Platform, contains middle Tremadocian conodonts of the </span><em>Rossodus manitouensis</em> and <em>Paltodus deltifer</em> zones. This conodont zonation permits biostratigraphic correlation with the Miaolingian to Tremadocian successions in other parts of South China and biozonal successions across the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1489-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taphonomy of the middle Miocene regular echinoid spines from Cairo-Suez District, Egypt: Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental interpretations","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>The palaeoecology<span> and palaeoenvironment<span> of a dense cluster of regular echinoid spines that occur in an oyster-rich limestone layer are interpreted based on detailed taphonomic study. The paucispecific macrobenthic assemblage associated with these echinoid spines have been studied in the middle Miocene Geniefa Formation, Gebel Gharra, Cairo-Suez District of Egypt. Both echinoid spines and macrobenthic assemblages are dominated by moderately to well-preserved, moderately packed, highly disarticulated, moderately to poorly sorted, re-oriented, and moderately to highly fragmented specimens, confirming parautochthonous nature of this assemblage. The spines are commonly encrusted and bored. At least four taxonomic groups of encrusters are identified, including juvenile oysters, sheet-like cheilostome </span></span></span>bryozoans, serpulids, and balanoid barnacles. The diversity of bioerosional ichnotaxa is moderate and includes </span><em>Gastrochaenolites</em>, <em>Entobia</em>, <em>Maeandropolydora</em>, <em>Trypanites</em>, and <em>Spirolites</em><span><span><span>. Moreover, some echinoid spines display distinct biting traces of fish, representing the first recorded of fish tooth bite marks on remains of regular echinoid spines from the Miocene deposits of Egypt. The faunal composition and trophic structure of the studied </span>faunal assemblage indicate fully oxygenated and euhaline shallow-marine environment with meso- to eutrophic productivity level. The controlling environmental parameters include substrate consistency, </span>bathymetry<span><span>, water energy, surface-water productivity, and rate of sedimentation. Furthermore, two scenarios for sclerobionts colonisation and development of fish bite marks have been proposed. In the first syn vivo scenario, predatory fish either focused on the </span>encrusting organisms<span> attached to the spines or attacked the echinoid as a food source, resulting in the separation of spines from their original test during the echinoid’s life. In the second post-mortem scenario, disarticulated spines serve as a hard substrate for the colonisation of sclerobionts. Once again, the spines became subject to attacks by fish that fed on the encrusters, resulting in additional bite marks.</span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1697-1709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustose red algae in deep time environments: Palaeoecological insights from northeastern India and Türkiye (Turkey)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Crustose red </span>calcareous algae<span><span> are key organisms in benthic ecosystems worldwide with critical functions like reef-building and substrate stabilization. </span>Coralline algae thrived as major carbonate producers, with corals and/or larger </span></span>benthic foraminifera<span><span> (LBF) in numerous shallow-marine Tethyan carbonate platforms<span><span> from the early Palaeogene to the Neogene. The Palaeocene–Eocene limestone successions in the Jaintia and Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, northeastern India, encompass two principal community types — algal-foraminiferal and coralline algal, with no associated colonial corals, while the Oligocene–Miocene carbonates from the Sivas basin and Siirt province in Türkiye are characterized by an algal-foraminifera assemblage with </span>bryozoans, corals, and molluscs as other noteworthy components pertinent to the carbonate platform environment. We found that the diversity and ecology of these </span></span>algal communities were influenced by systematic structure of the algal assemblage, sediment input, substrate stability, water depth, and hydrodynamic energy. The algal assemblages from different epochs and varying localities diverge based on the sedimentary regime, environmental settings, and the predominant taxa. The climatic transition from the Palaeocene–Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene–Miocene icehouse corresponded to a shift from crustose algal assemblages dominated by Sporolithales to assemblages dominated by Hapalidiales.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1681-1696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140796795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary results on reproductive organs and in situ spores of an early land plant Tichavekia grandis Pšenička et al. from Přídolí (upper Silurian) of the Prague Basin, Czech Republic","authors":"Jiří Bek ,&nbsp;Monika Uhlířová ,&nbsp;Josef Pšenička ,&nbsp;Jakub Sakala","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reproductive organs and <em>in situ</em> spores isolated from early land plant <em>Tichavekia grandis</em><span> from the Kosov, Přídolí, upper Silurian of the Prague Basin are described in detail. Subspherical to reniform sporangia are 2.2–3.0 mm wide and 1.6–2.0 mm long, and are formed by a thick layer of coaly matter showing a marginal rim. Trilete crassitate </span><em>in situ</em> spores 17–32 µm in diameter have microgranulate, microspinate to rugulate sculpture of proximal surface and are not comparable with any dispersed and <em>in situ</em> Silurian spore taxa and, therefore, it may represent a new spore taxon. Palynological comparison with other cooksonioid taxa is made.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 299-306"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46203269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel gymnosperm reproductive organ from the Jurassic of China","authors":"Wen-Zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Hao-Xuan Shen ,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A feature that distinguishes angiosperms from their gymnosperm peers is that the ovules of angiosperms are enclosed before pollination. Theoretically, the angiosperms were derived from fossil seed plants that have their ovules not enclosed before pollination (gymnosperms). The origin of angiosperms is essentially a process in which the former exposed ovules got enclosed. Although various fossil taxa with different extent of ovule-protection have been documented in the Mesozoic, the morphological gap between angiosperms and gymnosperms is still far from bridged. To narrow down such a gap, here we report a novel fossil gymnosperm, <em>Paradoxa</em> n. gen., demonstrating a mosaic feature comparable to angiosperms in certain aspects from the Jiulongshan Formation (Middle-Late Jurassic) of Inner Mongolia, China: pollen grains trapped inside the female unit imply that <em>Paradoxa</em> is a gymnosperm, while several characters (especially long apical process and partially covered ovule) make it more comparable to angiosperms. It is noteworthy that, different from <em>Caytonia</em>, <em>Umkomasia</em> and <em>Petriellaea</em> (all in the so-called seed ferns), <em>Paradoxa</em>’s Bau-plan is more comparable to that of the basalmost angiosperm <em>Amborella</em>, suggesting a possible provenance of angiosperm carpels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 411-419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871174X23000240/pdfft?md5=1cf626b0e7f142cf51817d92cbd19f49&pid=1-s2.0-S1871174X23000240-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48724337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oryctocephalus indicus from the Hwangju area, North Hwanghae Province, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: Implication for the boundary between Series 2 and Miaolingian","authors":"Kwang-Sik So, Yong-Su Ju, Jong-Su Ma, Phyong-Hen Kim, Yong-Sun Kim, Pong-Un Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"124 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140780382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteomyelitis in the manus of Smilodon populator (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Pleistocene of South America","authors":"Carlos A. Luna ,&nbsp;Roy R. Pool ,&nbsp;Marcos D. Ercoli ,&nbsp;Nicolás R. Chimento ,&nbsp;Fernando H. de S. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Alfredo E. Zurita ,&nbsp;Pedro Cuaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The knowledge of the paleopathologies that affected large mammals during the Pleistocene of South America has increased in the last years, but most of the reported cases belong to the endemic clade Xenarthra. On the contrary, almost no case of diseases is known among representatives of other clades, such as Carnivora. Here we present and describe an inflammatory lesion in a left metacarpal IV assigned to the saber tooth </span><em>Smilodon populator</em><span><span> (Felidae) from the Late Pleistocene (ca. 100 ka; </span>MIS 5) of Northeastern Argentina. The macroscopic and radiologic analyses reveal features consistent with chronic osteomyelitis, which in turn represents the first accurate record of an infectious process in a limb of this predator. This injury presumably caused lameness and loss of toe flexion, and considerably reduced the hunting abilities of this top predator, which used its robust forelimbs, particularly wide forepaws, and powerful back muscles to catch and bring down large prey.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 517-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49288616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two anachoropterid fern rachises from the in situ volcanic ash of the Whetstone Horizon (Kladno Formation, Pennsylvanian), Radnice Basin, Czech Republic","authors":"Wei-Ming Zhou ,&nbsp;Josef Pšenička ,&nbsp;Jana Votočková Frojdová ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Ming-Li Wan ,&nbsp;Zhuo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two partly anatomically preserved axes parallelly situated on a slab collected from an <em>in situ</em> volcanic ash bed called “Bělka” of the Whetstone Horizon, Kladno Formation (Pennsylvanian), Czech Republic, were studied in detail. Anatomically, both axes possess a C-shaped xylem strand with protoxylem tracheids situated on the convex side, demonstrating an inversicatenalean-type anachoropterid affiliation. They are further suggested to belong to one biological species, as they share a number of similar characteristics and common structures. Systematically, one of the two studied axes retains a primitive form of foliar anatomy with the oldest known anachoropterid plant (<em>Anachoropteris</em> sp.) in having two rather short lateral arms compared to the long median region. Although lacking foliage information, both axes likely belong to the rachis part of <em>Discosoropteris zlatkokvacekii</em> Pšenička, Zhou, Boyce, Votočková Frojdová, Bek and Wang, a fern species that was recently established based on the same slab where the two studied axes were preserved. Such a combination may further indicate the presence of a new family in the late Paleozoic anachoropterid plants. In addition, selected anatomically preserved ferns from the Whetstone Horizon were reviewed, which promotes a better understanding of the anatomical variability of fern species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 341-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42498948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) radiolarians from Rybaki Section, Moscow Region, Central Russia","authors":"Nikita Bragin,&nbsp;Liubov Bragina,&nbsp;Aleksandr Mironenko","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A well-preserved radiolarian assemblage was recovered from the Upper Jurassic section near the Rybaki village, Moscow Region, Central Russia. The radiolarians were found within the </span><em>Amoeboceras serratum</em><span> ammonite zone (upper Oxfordian), in phosphatized body chambers of ammonite shells. The radiolarian assemblage is represented by 23 species of 11 genera and displays Boreal affinity. It is characterized by abundance of </span><em>Praeparvicingula</em>: <em>P</em>. <em>blackhorsensis</em> (Pessagno and Whalen), <em>P</em>. <em>donnae</em> Bragin, <em>P</em>. <em>elementaria</em> (Carter), <em>P</em>. <em>enormis</em> (Yang) and by presence of the characteristic boreal family Echinocampidae (genera <em>Echinocampe</em> and <em>Nordvikella</em>). Five new species are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 389-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44502800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}