Palaeoworld最新文献

{"title":"Early Paleogene plant biomes of the Pacific side of Eurasia","authors":"Olesia V. Bondarenko ,&nbsp;Torsten Utescher","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Major plant biome changes in East Asia during the early Paleogene are studied using the Integrated Plant Record vegetation analysis for the first time based on paleobotanical records. The paleobotanical record employed for the reconstruction comprises 110 paleofloras covering the early Paleocene to early Eocene, a time-span of ca. 17 Myr. Our data indicate the presence of more forested conditions over East Asia during the early Paleogene than at present. The early Paleogene vegetation cover in the study area fundamentally differed from modern and was much more homogeneous compared to the modern one. Mixed mesophytic zonal vegetation dominated on the Pacific side of Eurasia during the early Paleogene. Thermophilous mixed mesophytic forests were distributed even at very high latitudes, but at the same time, ecotone between the mixed mesophytic / broadleaved evergreen forests and broadleaved evergreen forest were confined to regions south of 50°N. The proportions of sclerophyllous plants are low in general, even in the mid-latitudes. The localities with open woodlands are all located south of ca. 45°N. The observed vegetation patterns and their changes throughout the early Paleogene in many cases can be correlated with climate patterns and the overall continental paleoclimate evolution as reconstructed from the paleobotanical record. The higher-than-present spatial homogeneity of early Paleogene vegetation coincides with shallow temperature gradients and a significantly more humid regional rainfall pattern over East Asia during the early Paleogene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100865"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palaeoenvironmental implications of a turritelline-dominated assemblage from Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks of Narmada Basin, India","authors":"Prantik Mondal ,&nbsp;Arunaditya Das ,&nbsp;Biplab Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Kalyan Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turritelline-dominated assemblages (TDAs) occur in modern siliciclastic seas within shallow depths, under normal to below normal salinity, high nutrient flux, high ocean upwelling current and/or runoff and cool water conditions. Similar assemblages in carbonate sediments are rare in modern oceans. However, TDA in carbonate rocks are common during the Cretaceous. In this study, we report the presence of a TDA in the late Turonian Nodular Limestone Formation of the Bagh Group, Narmada Basin, central India. An unusually small species of <em>Turritella</em>, <em>T</em>. <em>bardhani</em> Halder, n. sp., is described from the TDA. The TDA, in terms of host rock microfacies and taphonomy, indicates shallow water to intertidal, low to moderate energy, eutrophic to mesotrophic conditions, that prevailed in restricted lagoonal to marginal lagoonal, back-reef environments. The turritellines, based on trace elements and Rare Earth Elements concentration, thrived under dysoxic conditions and experienced above-normal marine salinities. The preferences of modern TDAs do not fully represent such past ecological and lithological conditions, indicating an example of a non-uniformitarian shift in habitat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100855"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and evolutionary implications of a new fossil stonefly family (Insecta, Plecoptera) from Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar","authors":"Zhi-Teng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plecoptera, commonly known as stoneflies, represent an ancient order of aquatic insects with significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems. This study describes a new genus and species of stonefly, <em>Crossoperla teslenkoae</em> n. gen. n. sp., based on a female adult preserved in Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber. Morphological examination reveals the taxonomic placement of <em>C</em>. <em>teslenkoae</em> within the infraorder Systellognatha of the suborder Arctoperlaria. Distinctive wing venation patterns and genitalic structures differentiate <em>C</em>. <em>teslenkoae</em> from extant and extinct stonefly families. A new extinct fossil family, Crossoperlidae n. fam. is established for the new stonefly. The findings contribute to the understanding of stonefly evolution, palaeodiversity, and ecological adaptations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New fossil woods from the middle Eocene climate optimum of north-central Turkey","authors":"Ünal Akkemik ,&nbsp;Özlem Toprak ,&nbsp;Dimitra Mantzouka","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The middle Eocene climate optimum, a crucial greenhouse event in Earth’s life history, occurred approximately 40 Ma. Fossil wood identifications of middle Eocene age reveal important evidence for the terrestrial tropical/subtropical conditions during this period. The purpose of the present study is to identify new fossil woods from the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey and to evaluate the paleoclimate and paleovegetational history of the north-central Turkey based on new records. Seven fossil woods were collected from the middle Eocene Göynücek Volcanics of the Çekerek Formation (Sarıkaya village, close to Çekerek, Yozgat). Two new species <em>Apocynoxylon umuttuncii</em> Akkemik and Mantzouka, n. sp., and <em>Ficoxylon anatolicum</em> Akkemik and Mantzouka, n. sp., are described, together with two more coniferous species <em>Pinuxylon</em> cf. <em>P. tarnocziense</em> (<span><span>Tuzśon, 1901</span></span>) <span><span>Greguss, 1954</span></span> and <em>Juniperoxylon</em> cf. <em>J. acarcaea</em> <span><span>Akkemik, 2021a</span></span>. Although dealing with a rather low number of fossil wood findings, indistinct boundaries of the tree rings, low xeromorphy ratios and high conductivity values in these two new fossil angiosperm species and less visible and indistinct boundaries in the two fossil coniferous species may reflect the warm, humid tropical conditions of the middle Eocene of north-central Turkey. The results are consistent with our former paleoecological evaluation based on the fossil woods including <em>Actinodaphnoxylon zileensis</em> Akkemik and Mantzouka in <span><span>Akkemik et al., 2021</span></span> from the same geological unit and <em>Palmoxylon sabaloides</em> <span><span>Greguss, 1969</span></span> from the same area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow-water whale-fall communities: Evidence from the middle–late Eocene basilosaurid whale bones, Wadi El-Hitan, Fayum, Egypt","authors":"Esraa S. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Magdy M. El Hedeny ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. El-Sabbagh ,&nbsp;Gebely A. Abu El-Kheir ,&nbsp;Alaa G. Osman ,&nbsp;Aldoushy Mahdy ,&nbsp;Enas A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examines the basilosaurid whale bone specimens collected from the Sandouk El-Borneta section, Wadi El-Hitan (Valley of Whales), Fayum, Egypt. These specimens are embedded in highly fossiliferous calcareous sandstones of the middle Eocene Gehannam and the upper Eocene Birket Qarun formations. These whale bones display some post-mortem alterations, representing good signs of at least three distinct stages in what is called the whale fall. The co-occurrence of shark, ray, and crocodile fossil specimens with the examined whale bones may indicate the first mobile-scavenger stage. Borings of the siboglinid polychaete genus <em>Osedax</em> represent the most common worm type that deeply bioeroded the whale bones, contributing to their rapid degradation, and representing the enrichment-opportunist stage. These fossil traces of the bone-eating worm <em>Osedax</em> represent the first record in the Eocene Epoch regionally and inter-regionally, filling the gap between the Late Cretaceous and the Oligocene occurrences. Subsequently, the studied whale bones served as hard substrates for some calcareous tube-dwelling encrusting polychaetes, balanoid barnacles, sheet‐like cheilostome bryozoans, and scleractinian corals. Furthermore, a bioerosion structure produced by polychaete annelids was also observed. The presence of these sclerobionts assemblage confirms the well-developed final reef stage with prolonged exposure and colonisation of these whale bones prior to final burial. Based on the recorded post-mortem alterations, together with other sedimentological and palaeontological data, the studied whale bones were deposited in a shallow open marine bay to sheltered gulf environments, which were characterised by low depositional energy, low to moderate rate of sedimentation, and high surface water productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100863"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New data and redescription of Kellnerius jamacaruensis Santana et al., 2013, a Palaemonidae shrimp from the Araripe Basin in northeastern Brazil","authors":"Olga Alcântara Barros ,&nbsp;Paulo Victor de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Antônio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preservation of shrimp in the fossil record is difficult due to their rapid decomposition. In this study, we provide new taxonomic insights into <em>Kellnerius jamacaruensis</em> from the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation in the Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil. A comprehensive taxonomic review, including a more meticulous preparation of the holotype and additional fossil material, enabled the disclosure of previously unknown anatomical features, reaffirming its classification within the family Palaemonidae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Early to Late Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) transition in Putumayo, Colombia: A biostratigraphic and carbon isotope stratigraphic correlation for northwestern South America","authors":"Javier Luque ,&nbsp;Jonatan Bustos ,&nbsp;Manuel Páez-Reyes ,&nbsp;Alejandro Beltrán-Triviño ,&nbsp;Angie Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Alexandra Delgado ,&nbsp;Johan M. Sánchez ,&nbsp;Julián Caraballo ,&nbsp;Mikel A. López-Horgue","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the rich geological and paleontological record of Colombia, the Putumayo region near Ecuador remains one of the least explored regions in the equatorial Neotropics, mainly due to its thick vegetation, deep rock weathering, soil formation and ground cover, geographic remoteness, and inaccessibility of well-exposed outcrops. This has resulted in limited comparisons with neighboring basins and thus the generation of more comprehensive biostratigraphic correlations with western and northern South America, as well as other paleobiogeographic regions (e.g., Tethys, Western Interior Seaway). Here, we present 67 occurrences of uppermost Lower Cretaceous to lowermost Upper Cretaceous ammonoids and other macrofossils (e.g., bivalves, decapod crustaceans, osteichthyan fish remains, plant remains), as well as a δ¹³C_org chemostratigraphic curve derived from 105 samples from the middle Albian of the uppermost Caballos Formation and the upper Albian to lower Cenomanian lower Villeta Formation, collected <em>in situ</em> from a stratigraphic section exposed along the Mocoa–San Francisco Road, Putumayo, Colombia, here called the San Francisco section. The chemostratigraphic, carbon-isotope curve for the region shows a great similarity with the shape of the accepted curve for the late Albian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d, which is characterized by a worldwide long positive δ¹³C excursion anomaly. The new biostratigraphic and isotopic data serve as a point of reference to compare the Putumayo Basin with neighboring basins (e.g., Marañon Basin in Perú, Oriente Basin in Ecuador, Upper Magdalena Valley Basin in Colombia), and thus the generation of more comprehensive upper Lower Cretaceous and lower Upper Cretaceous biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic correlations for northwestern South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative insights into osteocyte density developmental patterns in fossilized bone — A new method","authors":"Denis Horvath ,&nbsp;Xu-Ri Wang ,&nbsp;Martin Kundrát","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a new methodology that combines quantitative image analysis, clustering, and statistical techniques to examine the 2D distribution of osteohistological features in an extinct stem-group bird. The driving force of our research was the need to map ontogenetic changes in the spatial density of osteocyte lacunae in the type specimen of <em>Musivavis amabilis</em> from the Lower Cretaceous of China. We particularly focused on developing tools to reveal quantitative aspects of the dynamics in the formation of avascular bone in this active flier. We achieve this goal by proposing an algorithm with the following methodological steps: 1) We obtain relevant coordinate details for pixel locations selected by thresholding the original image with shading as a criterion. 2) We estimate density using the Gaussian kernel estimator and refined it through observations and regression analysis. 3) After slicing the image, we apply k-means clustering to obtain one-dimensional representations of lacunar density. 4) We proceed by implementing weighted averaging employing the k-nearest neighbor approach. Having applied these steps, we are able to quantitatively disclose growth processes previously unnoticed and reveal dynamics in the formation of lacunar bone tissue in the enantiornithine birds capable of power flight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The disappearance of European dirk-toothed cats","authors":"Clàudia Tura-Poch ,&nbsp;Saverio Bartolini-Lucenti ,&nbsp;Qi-Gao Jiangzuo ,&nbsp;Maria Prat-Vericat ,&nbsp;Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Rook ,&nbsp;Joan Madurell-Malapeira","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saber-toothed cats dominated the latest Pliocene to Early Pleistocene ecosystems in the Old World, potentially competing with early hominins for food resources. However, the Pleistocene fossil records of the medium-sized <em>Megantereon</em> are often fragmented and scarce, leading to contentious debates regarding its evolutionary history.</div><div>Previously, it was commonly believed that <em>Megantereon</em> became locally extinct in Europe during the Early Pleistocene, albeit without a precise timeline. In this study, we present findings from an unpublished <em>Megantereon</em> neurocranium discovered in the Iberian Vallparadís Section. This discovery is correlated with the Jaramillo magnetostratigraphic subchron (ca. 1.0 Ma; MIS30). Additionally, we propose a connection between the disappearance of European <em>Megantereon</em> and the climatic shifts associated with the ‘<em>Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition</em>’, particularly the increase in aridity and expansion of open landscapes observed during the protracted glacial stage MIS30.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New record of Brachyoxylon wood from the Lower Cretaceous of Qingyuan, southeastern China and its palaeoclimatic implications","authors":"Jian-Guo Hui ,&nbsp;Su-Xin Yin ,&nbsp;Xiao-Liang Cai ,&nbsp;Chong Dong ,&nbsp;Yuan-Dong Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Tian ,&nbsp;Gong-Le Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early Cretaceous was a key period for the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. In southeastern China, the late Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) floras are relatively well known and characterized by diverse Cheirolepidiaceae, but the early Early Cretaceous floras in southeastern China are poorly known mainly because of the lack of plant fossils. Here we report petrified woods from a new early Early Cretaceous locality in Qingyuan, southern Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The new fossil woods collected from the Xishantou Formation (earliest Berriasian, earliest Early Cretaceous) are assigned to <em>Brachyoxylon zhejiangense</em> Tian, Zhu, and Wang based on the anatomy of the secondary xylem. The new material of <em>Brachyoxylon zhejiangense</em> from Qingyuan lacks distinct growth rings or resin canals and has mixed type pitting on the radial walls of the tracheids, araucarioid cross-field pitting, and uniseriate rays. It is the earliest record of <em>Brachyoxylon</em> in southeastern China. <em>Brachyoxylon zhejiangense</em> has been regarded as the wood of the extinct conifer family Cheirolepidiceae and grew in arid to semi-arid environments. Evidence also suggests Cheirolepidiaceae played an important role in the vegetation of southeastern China throughout the Early Cretaceous.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}