Palaeoworld最新文献

{"title":"Pastillus aethiopicus n. sp. (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae), a new fossil beetle from Miocene Ethiopian amber and a taxonomic key to the species of Pastillus Endrödy-Younga","authors":"Trevor Randall Smith ,&nbsp;Karol Szawaryn","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We describe a new species of Cybocephalidae (Coleoptera) from Ethiopian Miocene amber, </span><em>Pastillus aethiopicus</em> n. sp. This is the second beetle species discovered in that fossiliferous amber deposit. It is the fourth species described in the extant genus <em>Pastillus</em><span> Endrödy-Younga and the first fossil species discovered. </span><em>Pastillus</em> is reviewed, the species diagnosed, listed, keyed, and distribution data recorded. Additionally, checklists of fossil Cybocephalidae, and African Cybocephalidae fauna are provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 448-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48374299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergent evolution of encrusting calcareous tubeworms","authors":"Olev Vinn ,&nbsp;Manfred Jäger ,&nbsp;Jakub Słowiński ,&nbsp;Michał Zatoń","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>In the present paper we trace the patterns of convergent evolution of encrusting calcareous polychaetes and tentaculitoids with respect to the morphology and function of their tubes. Both clades have morphologically similar tubes. Six of the eight basic </span>morphotypes<span> of encrusting tubeworms occur both in calcareous polychaetes and in tentaculitoids. All six encrusting tentaculitoid tubeworm morphotypes distinguished have analogues among serpulid and sabellid polychaetes. Both tentaculitoids and polychaetes with calcareous tubes have a similar plesiomorphic morphotype, which is characterized by substrate parallel, irregular growth away from the initial point of encrustation. Dominance of similarities in the order of evolution of morphotypes in the calcareous tubeworms indicates that despite genetic differences, ecological similarities (suspension feeding) and similarities in the tube material (calcareous), as well as body plan (worm-like) had a strong control over the evolution of calcareous tubeworms. The calcareous tubeworm life modes likely appeared in the order of increasing dependence on the type of substrate. In general, possible antipredatory strategies (spines, keels, cryptic and endobiotic mode of life) of calcareous tubeworms are evolutionarily old. The plesiomorphic general </span></span>hard substrate encrusters are evolutionarily the most successful and have the longest stratigraphic range both in tube-dwelling polychaetes and tentaculitoids. Innovations, such as attachment of the tube by basal projections were developed in some microconchid tentaculitoids but not in calcareous polychaetes; budding tubes occur in both taxa, however, in microconchid tentaculitoids it was a brief evolutionary event, whereas in polychaetes such pseudocolonies have a long stratigraphic range. The ability to live in brackish and fresh waters by some tentaculitoids and tube-dwelling polychaetes seems not to be associated with any particular tube morphotype.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 267-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41687396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Keichousaurus-bearing regurgitalite from the Middle Triassic Xingyi Fauna, Dingxiao of Xingyi City, Guizhou, South China","authors":"Xiao-Jun Ye,&nbsp;Zuo-Yu Sun,&nbsp;Ming-Tao Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2023.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Bromalites (coprolites, regurgitalites and consumulites) are trace fossils<span> that preserve valuable information on their producers’ diet and feeding behaviors. Here, we report a compact skeletal mass from the Middle Triassic Xingyi Fauna of Dingxiao, Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, South China through multiple analytical methods. Using micro-CT scans, we provide 3D reconstruction of two vertebral arches, four coracoids, three ribs of three kinds, four humeri including one male and three female ones, five scapulae including two right one and three left ones of different sizes, which are inferred to be from at least three individuals of </span></span><em>Keichousaurus hui</em>. Bone aggregates of multiple individuals, associated with less gastric etching on bone surfaces and the absence of a phosphatic and organic matrix surrounding the bones as revealed by microstructural and chemical analysis respectively, suggest that this bone mass is a regurgitalite rather than a coprolite. The vertebrate fossils reported from the regurgitalite-bearing strata suggest that the best candidate for the potential producer of the regurgitalite are the near-shore sauropterygians <em>Nothosaurus</em> or <em>Lariosaurus</em>. The discovery of a <em>Keichousaurus</em><span>-bearing regurgitalite shed new insights on the feeding behaviors of Middle Triassic marine reptiles and the paleoecology of the Xingyi Fauna.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 363-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44300545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ordovician (Whiterockian) marine community from Sonora, Mexico: Paleoecology and paleobiogeographic affinity with North America and Argentina","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>A Lower and Middle Ordovician<span> sequence, containing an abundant biota of cyanobacteria, bryozoans<span><span>, brachiopods, gastropods, cephalopods, trilobites, and echinoderms, is exposed at Rancho Las Norias in the central part of the state of Sonora, Mexico. This sequence that consists of wackestone, packstone, and </span>grainstone is deposited in a shallow water marine environment within the </span></span></span>photic zone, as indicated by the presence of cyanobacteria such as </span><em>Nuia sibirica</em>. A paleoecological study was performed on one fossiliferous level S1 at the middle part of the sequence in this study, where 113 individuals of 11 taxa were analyzed, which allows to reconstruct the paleocommunity structure of this calcareous layer. The paleocommunity consists mainly of brachiopods, gastropods, and trilobites. The applied paleoecological indices (Dominance and Evenness of Simpson, Diversity of Shannon-Weaver, Diversity of Menhinick, and Total Richness of Chao) indicate a benthic marine community constituted mainly by sessile-suspension feeders, and brachiopods (<em>Orthidiella</em> cf. <em>O</em>. <em>longwelli</em><span><span>) are the dominant forms. A Jaccard Similarity Index was also applied, where a similarity of ∼100% was obtained between Canada and Mexico, ∼80% between the USA<span> and Mexico, and ∼50% between Argentina and Mexico, thus confirming the Ordovician paleogeographic affinity of these localities with Laurentia. The Ordovician of northwestern Mexico corresponds to the southernmost deposits of the North American </span></span>craton and is an essential link in understanding the relationship between North and South America.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1529-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brachiopods from the Serpukhovian Tonka Formation of Carlin Canyon, Elko, Nevada (USA): Systematics and biostratigraphy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematic study of a brachiopod assemblage from the Upper Mississippian Tonka Formation in Carlin Canyon, Elko, Nevada, USA, led to the recognition of 13 species, representing 12 genera and seven orders: ?<em>Antiquatonia</em> sp., <em>Flexaria</em> sp., ?<em>Marginatia</em> sp., <em>Echinoconchus</em> sp. of the Productida, ?<em>Orthotetes</em> sp. of the Orthotetida, <em>Rhipidomella</em> sp., <em>Schizophoria</em> sp. of the Orthida, <em>Cleiothyridina</em> cf. <em>sublamellosa</em> <span><span>Hall, 1858</span></span>, <em>Composita sulcata</em> <span><span>Weller, 1914</span></span> of the Athyridida, <em>Anthracospirifer shawi shawi</em> <span><span>Gordon, 1975</span></span>, <em>Anthracospirifer</em> aff. <em>A. shawi</em> of the Spiriferida, <em>Punctospirifer</em> sp. of the Spiriferinida, and <em>Girtyella indianensis</em> <span><span>Girty, 1909</span></span> of the Terebratulida, with the addition of one undetermined linoproductid and one genus and possibly two undetermined species of the Delthyridina. The assemblage shares affinities with upper Chesterian (middle Serpukhovian) <em>Carlinia phillipsi</em> and <em>C. amsdeniana</em> associations from western North American units, though the presence of <em>Composita sulcata</em> makes it also close to uppermost Chesterian faunas (<em>Rhipidomella nevadensis</em> and <em>Composita popsiensis</em> zones, upper Serpukhovian). The recorded faunal association, in terms of composition at the genus-level, is characteristic of brachiopod Unit 16 of <span><span>Carter (1990a)</span></span>. Unit 16 spans the middle Chesterian (<em>Gnathodus bilineatus</em> conodont Zone) to upper Chesterian (<em>Rachistognathus muricatus</em> conodont Zone), corresponding to the upper Visean–Serpukhovian interval. A monospecific <em>Vogegnathus postcampbelli</em> conodont assemblage from the same locality confirms a late Chesterian (Serpukhovian) age of the fauna.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1594-1619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and discrimination of large ornithopods revealed through their tracks (Lower Cretaceous, Spain): A phenetic correlation approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Large ornithopods were frequent in the alluvial-to-coastal sedimentary systems developed during the Barremian in the Iberian Peninsula. Here, several pes track casts of large ornithopods from the Barremian Camarillas Formation of the southwestern sector of the Maestrazgo Basin (Iberian Basin, Spain) are analyzed. Two morphotypes of tracks from three different size classes are differentiated based on some morphological features, such as length of digits, the width of the “heel” pad impression, and width of the proximal part of digit III. These casts are assigned to </span><em>Caririchnium</em><span> isp. Morphotype 1 is represented by small to large-sized tracks, whereas Morphotype 2 by medium-sized tracks. Morphological variation seen among tracks of Morphotype 1 is interpreted to be possibly an ontogenetic variation. On the contrary, the differences seen between Morphotype 1 and 2 cannot be explained only by extramorphological causes, so might represent different trackmakers, especially when taking into account the considerable Barremian ornithopod diversity. A modified phenetic correlation is carried out between several well-preserved casts and the identified feet of Barremian ornithopods from Iberia, in order to infer the putative trackmakers. Morphotype 1 fits with the foot skeletal structure of the large styracosternan </span><em>Iguanodon</em>, including small-sized tracks that are perfectly accommodated to that of perinates of <em>I</em>. <em>galvensis</em>. Morphotype 2 matches better to the pes skeletal structure of the medium-sized <em>Mantellisaurus</em><span><span>. Similar two morphotypes can be also identified in other areas of the Lower Cretaceous<span> of Europe, so, they could be tentatively produced by the two sized groups of styracosternans typical in the Early Cretaceous of Europe. Therefore, the ichnological analysis may allow differentiation of the diversity known through the direct record. In addition, the paleoecological analysis indicates a spatial </span></span>niche partitioning between two size groups of styracosternans, because large-sized tracks and bones of these dinosaurs are the most common in such sediments.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1643-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review and update on the applications of inertinite macerals in coal geology, paleoclimatology, and paleoecology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inertinite is a coal component group recognized under microscope. The origin, formation, and applications of inertinite continue to be debated. Many important achievements have been reported in the recent years. The most important advance is that the presence of inertinite macerals<span><span> has been used as the most critical evidence of paleowildfires. However, the origin of some micrinite has been recognized as liptinitic/huminitic or as kaolinite, and even as voids. Some secretinite and funginite can be formed by microbial and fungal oxidation. Some researchers questioned the validity of using the maceral (including inertinite) ratios to indicate the </span>depositional environment and appealed to stop using maceral parameters (including inertinite) to explain peat-forming environments and vegetation. Because the proven inertinite macerals formed by organic matter degradation comprised only a small part of all inertinite groups, most inertinite macerals can be used as evidence of paleowildfires, and the inertinite macerals may be used to estimate the wildfire type. The inertinite reflectance values may be used to estimate the wildfire temperature, and the oxygen level can be estimated by the inertinite contents. Furthermore, the relationship between inertinite and other wildfire evidences, e.g., char, charcoal, soot, and fusain, has also been clarified.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1449-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earliest upper Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) record of bivalve Pinna (Pinnidae) from the Kopet-Dagh Basin, northeastern Iran and its possible predators","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bivalves <em>Pinna</em> sp. cf. <em>cretacea</em> (<span><span>Schlotheim, 1813</span></span>) and <em>Pinna cretacea cretacea</em> (<span><span>Schlotheim, 1813</span></span><span><span>) are systematically described for the first time from the ammonite-constrained upper Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) strata of the Kopet-Dagh Basin, northeastern Iran. This is also, the first record of the Family Pinnidae from the Kopet-Dagh Basin. The specimens were collected from the basal part of the Sarcheshmeh Formation, exposed in the Bojnurd city, North Khorasan province. Additionally, this study includes observations on predation scars (such as scalloped, embayed, and cleft scars), and </span>encrustations by orbitolinids on the </span><em>Pinna</em><span> samples. Insights into the contemporary paleoenvironment, characterized by quiet and shallow waters with a soft, muddy substrate, are also discussed.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1626-1642"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Dapingian linguliform microbrachiopods from the Argentine Precordillera (Cuyania terrane): Taxonomy and faunal relationships","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>New records of linguliform brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of Argentina, coming from the base of the Gualcamayo Formation, are described and illustrated. The sampled levels correspond to the first 3 m at the Potrerillos Creek section, Argentine Precordillera of San Juan, assigned to the lower part of the </span><em>Baltoniodus navis</em> Zone (middle Dapingian). The fauna consists of the lingulids <em>Palaeoglossa</em>? sp., <em>Elliptoglossa vulgaris</em> Hansen and Holmer and <em>Paterula</em> sp., together with the acrotretids <em>Conotreta andina</em> Lavié, Serra and Feltes, <em>Scaphelasma zharykensis</em> Popov, <em>Torynelasma</em>? sp., <em>Numericoma simplex</em>?, and <em>Eoconulus</em><span><span> sp. This relatively diverse association is the first of Dapingian age in the Cuyania terrane with a mixed fauna, which shows affinities with the regions of Baltica, Bohemia, </span>Avalonia, South China, and Laurentia.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1515-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palynological assemblages from Hongguleleng Formation of Western Junggar, Northwest China and their correlation with conodont zonation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>The Upper Devonian Hongguleleng Formation is a significant stratigraphic unit near the Frasnian/Famennian and Devonian/Carboniferous boundaries of the Kazakhstan Paleoplate. However, its age is still under debate. A new palynostratigraphic analysis was conducted at the Gennaren section to provide a more accurate biostratigraphic assignment. In this study, we identified 43 species belonging to 26 spore genera, including those in open nomenclature. Despite the poor preservation of the palynofloras, the spore taxa were categorized into two assemblages. Assemblage I is established at the lower part of the lower member of the Hongguleleng Formation, containing </span><em>Cornispora varicornata</em>, cf. <em>Auroraspora pseudocrista</em>, and <em>Cyrtospora cristifera</em>. Assemblage II is from the upper part of the lower member of the Hongguleleng Formation, including <em>Grandispora cornuta</em>, <em>Grandispora famennensis</em> var. <em>famennensis</em>, <em>Grandispora</em> cf. <em>famennensis</em> var. <em>minutus</em>, <em>Grandispora microseta</em>, and <em>Rugospora radiata</em><span>. These assemblages are compared with the Western European DV Oppel Zone (lower-middle Famennian), and the GF to VCo Oppel zones. The assemblages are equivalent to the conodont </span><em>crepida</em>–<em>rhomboidea</em> and <em>marginifera</em> to Lower <em>trachytera</em> zones (middle-upper Famennian).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1580-1593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}