Palaeoworld最新文献

{"title":"A new sponge (Ascospongiae) from the early Cambrian Guanshan Biota","authors":"Lin-Jun Zou ,&nbsp;Joseph P. Botting ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Qing-Hao Guo ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Chun-Li Li ,&nbsp;Xi-Guang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ai-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sponge body fossils from the Cambrian Period are abundant and can provide vital insights into their evolutionary history. Here, we describe a new ascosponge, <em>Chimeraspongia lii</em> n. gen. n. sp. from the lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota in Luquan, Yunnan Province, China. The species is characterized by a reticulate skeleton composed of interwoven spicules oriented in four distinct directions: large vertical monaxons, fine horizontal monaxons, and two opposing sets of diagonal monaxons. In addition, the species exhibits distinctive marginalia and prostalia. The combination of skeletal traits also helps us to explore the potential relationships among ascosponges such as leptomitids, halichondritids-piraniids, and <em>Quadrolaminiella</em>. The new species therefore provides significant information on the early evolution and relationships among ascosponges and expands our understanding of sponge diversity in the Guanshan Biota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dinocrocuta gigantea from the Upper Miocene site of Eldari, Azerbaijan","authors":"Daniyar R. Khantemirov ,&nbsp;Dmitriy O. Gimranov ,&nbsp;Qi-Gao Jiangzuo ,&nbsp;Tariel M. Eybatov","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we redescribe the specimens of “Eldari hyena” from the Upper Miocene site of Eldari, Azerbaijan. The material, which was previously described as <em>Hyaena eldarica</em> includes one maxilla fragment as well as the holotype mandibular fragment with p3-p4 that is unfortunately lost. The upper teeth morphology of Eldari specimen is typical for percrocutids and <em>Dinocrocuta gigantea</em> specifically. The teeth size of Eldari hyena also falls within the range of <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em>. The lost hemimandible exhibits morphology similar to <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em> and is close to it in size, based on published data. At the same time, it differs from other specimens of <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em> in having shorter p4 and more pronounced p3 mesial accessory cusps. These are the first <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em> specimens described from Caucasus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A second cuckoo wasp species from the mid-Miocene Zhangpu biota (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)","authors":"Manuel Brazidec ,&nbsp;Paolo Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Miocene history of the aculeate family Chrysididae is poorly known, with only two species described for that time interval. Here, a third species is introduced, the second from the rich middle Miocene Zhangpu amber, southeastern China. †<em>Trichrysis perrichoti</em> n. sp. is described and illustrated based on a nearly complete female specimen. The new species displays characters of the <em>cyanea</em> species group, which is today the most common for <em>Trichrysis</em> <span><span>Lichtenstein, 1876</span></span> in China. This discovery further strengthens the affinities between the Zhangpu entomofauna and the modern Southeast Asia entomofauna.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New record of some marine Jurassic gastropods from Kutch, India","authors":"Sandip Saha ,&nbsp;Shiladri S. Das ,&nbsp;Subhronil Mondal ,&nbsp;Subhendu Bardhan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous systematic studies on the Middle to Late Jurassic marine gastropods from the Kutch Basin, western India, revealed 138 species of 62 genera. The present paper describes 12 more species, of which eight are new. The new species are <em>Discohelix ravii</em> n. sp., <em>Metriomphalus</em> (<em>Metriomphalus</em>) <em>bhanu</em> n. sp., <em>Eucyclus jadsaensis</em> n. sp., <em>Buckmanina bhakriensis</em> n. sp., <em>Proconulus jhikadiensis</em> n. sp., <em>Ataphrus</em> (<em>Endianaulax</em>) <em>dhosaensis</em> n. sp., <em>Purpurina mahalanobisi</em> n. sp., and <em>Aptyxiella bajocensis</em> n. sp. Three taxa are retained in open nomenclature, i.e., <em>Hayamia</em> sp., <em>Procerithium</em> sp. 1, and <em>Procerithium</em> sp. 2. This is also the first report of the genera <em>Buckmanina</em> and <em>Aptyxiella</em> in the Jurassic of the basin. The newly recognized fauna increases our understanding of Indian Jurassic gastropods, expands the diversity of the gastropod faunas, and contributes to the palaeobiogeographical distribution of the assemblage in the Jurassic of the Southern Hemisphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palynological succession in Gzhelian No. 8 Thick Coal of the Taiyuan Formation, Ordos Basin, North China","authors":"Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun-He Shi ,&nbsp;Peng-Shuai Jiao ,&nbsp;Bo Pan ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Ming-Li Wan ,&nbsp;Jing-Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui-Ping Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The No. 8 Thick Coal in the Taiyuan Formation, correlated with the Gzhelian (Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) stage, extends throughout the Ordos Basin and reaches up to 30 m in thickness according to basin-wide seismic profiles analysis. This thick coal bed was formed as long-residence histosols, primarily in ombrotrophic mires with minor development in rheotrophic mires. Analysis of miospore taxa percentages across the thick coal seams identified three consistent bulk characterizing species (bcs): <em>Torispora</em> spp., <em>Laevigatosporites</em> spp., and <em>Florinites</em> spp. These species occur in predictable sequences throughout all No. 8 Thick Coals at both the Palougou outcrop and the Huo10 Borehole. Detailed examination revealed three distinct palynomorph associations in the No. 8 Thick Coal from the Huo10 Borehole: <em>Latosporites globosus</em> Association at the base, <em>Laevigatosporites</em> spp. Association in the middle, and <em>Florinites</em> spp. Association near the top. These associations share similar taxa with the <em>Striatosporites clatratus</em> Biozone and <em>Pachetisporites kaipingensis</em> Biozone previously identified in Carboniferous–Permian transitional deposits at the Palougou Section. This similarity confirms that the No. 8 Thick Coal was deposited simultaneously across the northern Ordos Basin and maintains a consistent, widespread distribution. The widespread presence of trilete and monolete miospores throughout the No. 8 Thick Coal suggests that peat accumulation kept pace with basin subsidence during the Gzhelian in the Ordos Basin. This balance created stable soil conditions that allowed tree ferns to form thick coal layers with consistent bcs. The bcs model in No. 8 Thick Coal differs from the previous Euramerican models in two key aspects: it exhibits prolonged dominance of trilete and monolete miospores and lacks both <em>Lycospora</em> and <em>Densosporites</em> spp. bcs at the coal base and roof. These differences reflect the distinct climate and vegetation of the Cathaysian Palaeofloristic Province during the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous), where <em>Psaronius</em> dominated the peat-forming swamp with minor <em>Cordaites</em> presence along its margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new Miocene–Pliocene fish association from the lateritic sands of Senegal confirms the marine origin of the so-called ‘Continental Terminal’ Formation in the Thies area","authors":"Bernard Siguendibo Sambou ,&nbsp;Abdoulaye Adama Diaw ,&nbsp;Sylvain Adnet","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery and taxonomic determination of 17 fossil taxa (14 elasmobranchs and 3 bony fishes) preserved in the subsoil laterites of Saloum Formation in Ngadiaga, Thies area confirm the marine origin of these deposits, which are sometimes still referred to as ‘Continental Terminal’ in West Africa. The contemporaneous occurrence of large fossil sharks (e.g., <em>Otodus megalodon</em>) with many other extant taxa (e.g., <em>Carcharhinus brachyurus</em>, <em>C</em>. <em>brevipinna</em>, <em>C</em>. <em>obscurus</em>, <em>Galeocerdo cuvier</em>) constrains the age of the deposit to the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene and indicates a marine environment that was not on the purely coastal fringe. The marine vertebrate fossils are thus slightly older than or contemporaneous with the terrestrial vertebrate fossils at Taiba Ndiaye, 30 km northeast. Our study demonstrates that the reddish sandstones of the laterites, which have been long overlooked by palaeontologists, have a rich fossiliferous potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-proxy climatic reconstruction of the Siwalik (Middle Miocene) Balason River area, Darjeeling, eastern Himalaya","authors":"Sumana Mahato ,&nbsp;Robert A. Spicer ,&nbsp;Sandip More ,&nbsp;Ai Song ,&nbsp;Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No single palaeoclimate proxy is perfect, so a multiproxy approach is always desirable for reconstructing past environments. Here, using the quantitative methods known as the Coexistence Approach, and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), along with qualitative assessments based on the nearest living relative, leaf cuticle analysis, palynology, and herbivory reconstructions, we explore the palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene Darjeeling (Balason) Siwalik, eastern Himalaya. This multiproxy intercomparison provides an important cross-validation of qualitative and quantitative climate proxies in an Indian Cenozoic context. We find that all proxies give similar palaeoclimate outcomes and show that the Balason location experienced a tropical, warm, humid climate during the Middle Miocene Siwalik deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphy of the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation in Mish Anticline, Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), with emphasis on the OAE2 interval","authors":"Reza Omidi ,&nbsp;Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Behnaz Kalanat ,&nbsp;Ali Behdad","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary, marked by the global oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2), coincides with a significant tectonic event and widespread unconformity across much of the Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), except within intrashelf basins. The northern Mish Anticline section, situated in one such intrashelf basin, preserves a continuous sedimentary record of OAE2 within the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. This study examines the stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation, with particular emphasis on δ¹³C and environmental variations during the OAE2, to evaluate the interplay between global events and regional tectonics in this region.</div><div>Analysis of a 517 m thick section reveals a succession assigned to the late Albian–Turonian based on the Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biozones for tropical and subtropical regions. The δ¹³C profile shows a positive excursion across the C/T boundary, capturing the global carbon isotope record’s three diagnostic peaks (A, B, and C).</div><div>The late Albian and most of the Cenomanian intervals reflect deposition in a relatively uniform, deep, and quiet environment, characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifera and oligosteginids. In contrast, the C/T interval records significant environmental changes, driven by OAE2 and regional tectonic activity in the Arabian Plate. A planktonic foraminiferal turnover, including the extinction of rotaliporids and <em>Laeviella bentonensis</em>, as well as the “<em>Heterohelix</em>” shift, is observed at the onset of the carbon isotope excursion between peaks A and B. These events are associated with the expansion of organic-rich layers, which point to the development of an oxygen minimum zone in the late Cenomanian. The regional tectonic activity culminated in two uplift phases within the basin, leading to the appearance of shallow-water carbonate facies during the early Turonian and the development of an unconformity at the top of the Sarvak Formation in the middle Turonian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Campanian–Maastrichtian foraminifera from Sudr Formation, Northern Galala Plateau, Egypt: Implications for biostratigraphy, palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity","authors":"Shahin Abd-Elhameed","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study conducts foraminiferal analyses to evaluate the palaeoenvironmental conditions (e.g., palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity) of the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian Sudr Formation at Wadi Askhar El-Bahari, Northern Galala Plateau, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt. Since the Sudr Formation received no attention concerning the foraminiferal content, a planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic framework was constructed, revealing nine (from <em>Globotruncanella havanensis</em> to <em>Plummerita hantkeninoides</em>) biozones. Furthermore, various quantitative and multivariate analyses of the recorded benthic foraminifera were performed to infer the variations in the palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity during the late Campanian–Maastrichtian. Seven benthic foraminiferal clusters were identified through statistical grouping analysis, revealing various distinct assemblages that differ in biotic traits (e.g., life-habit and diversity) and abiotic traits (e.g., oxygen availability and nutrient availability). A multidimensional plotting method (i.e., Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling) of the studied samples revealed eight main biofacies (I–VIII), each with a characteristic faunal composition. The vertical distribution of these biofacies reflects fluctuations in palaeo-water depth, oxygen, and nutrient availability. The lowermost part of the Sudr Formation is characterized by biofacies I, II, and III, indicating well-oxygenated, oligotrophic, outer neritic to upper bathyal environments. This is followed upward by intervals with biofacies II, IV, and V, reflecting oligo- to mesotrophic, upper bathyal environment, with well-oxygenated conditions. The upper half of the Sudr Formation comprises alternating intervals with biofacies IV, V, VII, representing well-oxygenated, mesotrophic, upper bathyal environment, and intervals with biofacies VI and VIII, characterizing poor-oxygenated, eutrophic, outer neritic to upper bathyal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first cranium of Postschizotherium (Pliohyracidae, Hyracoidea) from the Lower Pleistocene of China","authors":"Lu-Da Xing ,&nbsp;Xiao-Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Martin Pickford ,&nbsp;Yan-Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Jiao Ma ,&nbsp;Shu-Qiong Wang ,&nbsp;Yi-Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Shi-Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pliohyracidae, a group of large-bodied hyracoids, successfully colonised Eurasia during the late Cenozoic. However, their cranial morphology has remained poorly understood due to the scarcity of complete specimens in East Asia, particularly for <em>Postschizotherium</em>. This study presents the first nearly complete cranium of <em>Postschizotherium</em> cf. <em>intermedium</em> from the Early Pleistocene Longdan locality in Gansu Province, China. The cranium exhibits several distinctive features, including an exceptionally laterally projecting orbit, a massive maxillary sinus that significantly invades the orbital fossa, and a highly developed pre-orbital fossa system. These morphological traits, especially the first one, suggest that <em>Postschizotherium</em> is closely related to <em>Pliohyrax</em> and <em>Kvabebihyrax</em>, both being large pliohyracids from the upper Cenozoic of East Europe and West Asia. The morphology also suggests that <em>Postschizotherium</em> likely occupied semi-aquatic habitats, similar to those of extant hippos, with a diet primarily consisting of grasses. The discovery of this species at Longdan also provides evidence for a relatively humid palaeoenvironment in the region during the earliest Pleistocene, contributing to our understanding of the palaeoenvironmental conditions and evolutionary history of pliohyracids in Eurasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}