Physical Communication最新文献

{"title":"A heterogeneous RIS-assisted all-optical ocean-air integrated network: Channel modelling and performance analysis","authors":"Chao Chen,&nbsp;Kun Li,&nbsp;Jianhua Ji,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a unified framework for an integrated underwater-to-air multihop optical network that combines reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) with differential technology (DT) and modulating retroreflector (MRR)-based free space optical (FSO) systems. The system utilizes unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as mobile aerial base stations, transmitting signals from automatic underwater vehicles (AUVs) to destination UAVs through an offshore micro-buoy relay. The paper models pointing errors with RIS and modifies the corresponding probability density function. It adopts the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocols to derive expressions for outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (ABER), and average channel capacity (ACC). The analysis considers factors like bubble levels, temperature and salinity gradients, detection technology, pointing errors, and RIS deployment strategy. Monte Carlo simulation validates the analytical results. The deployment of RIS is demonstrated to mitigate underwater fading impairments, and DT is shown to improve the performance of both FSO and UWOC subsystems. In addition, we provide interesting deployment and engineering insights based on results. This work contributes to the design and research of high-bandwidth integrated space-air-ground-ocean Internet of Things (IoT) networks for 6 G applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum aerial BS deployment for moving users based on quicksort and ZF-SIC techniques: Uplink and downlink scenarios","authors":"Mohammad Rezvan Marani,&nbsp;Seyed Masoud Mirrezaei","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a single UAV acting as a base station (BS) for downlink users (DUs). The UAV follows the Gauss–Markov (GM) mobility model and accounts for interference from device-to-device (D2D) communications. In the uplink, users transmit their coordinates to the UAV via NOMA, where interference is mitigated using the ZF-SIC technique. Candidate UAV locations are randomly generated within the coverage area. For each location, Algorithm 1 evaluates the average user distance, coverage probability (ACP), and achievable rate (AAR). The following step includes sorting the calculated values in increasing order using QuickSort algorithm (Algorithm 2). In the end, Algorithm 3 obtains the optimal drone positions at each time interval. The MATLAB simulation outcomes show that when the drone’s best position is found, the ACP, representing the total number of service users, reaches 95 out of 100, with the AAR of DUs recorded at 0.15 Gbps. MATLAB simulations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an ACP of 95% (95 out of 100 users served) and an AAR of 0.15 Gbps, outperforming existing approaches. Its value is the greatest when comparing with other methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIS/IRS-assisted physical layer security enhancement scheme and its application to SCMA systems","authors":"Gang Liu ,&nbsp;Guosheng Xu ,&nbsp;Chenyu Wang ,&nbsp;Guoai Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102850","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study explores the performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication system combined with Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) under different channel conditions, attack models, and user distribution patterns. SCMA, as an advanced multiple access scheme for 5G/6G, provides high spectrum efficiency and supports large-scale connectivity, but its shared-resource nature exposes it to potential security threats. By integrating RIS with SCMA, our study evaluates how physical layer security can be significantly enhanced in complex environments&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This study aims to explore the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted communication system under different channel conditions, attack models and user distribution patterns. With the continuous advancement of wireless communication technology, RIS, as a new communication optimization technology, has shown great potential in improving system throughput and enhancing network security. This study evaluates the application effect of RIS in complex environments through experimental design, focusing on its performance in improving communication throughput, anti-interference ability and anti-eavesdropping ability. The study constructs an experimental model including RIS-assisted and traditional communication schemes, and uses the Rayleigh and Rician channel model for simulation. The experimental results show that under the condition of SNR of 20 dB, the average throughput of legitimate users of the RIS-assisted scheme is 500 bps, while that of the traditional scheme is only 300 bps, an increase of 67 %. When the SNR is reduced to 10 dB, the throughput of the RIS-assisted scheme remains at 450 bps, while that of the traditional scheme drops to 250 bps, an increase of 80 %. Under poor channel conditions (SNR of 5 dB), the throughput of RIS remains stable at 480 bps, while the traditional solution is only 280 bps, showing the significant advantages of RIS under low channel quality. In terms of security assessment, the study conducted a detailed analysis of two attack modes: direct eavesdropping and relay eavesdropping. Taking the eavesdropper distance of 50-100 meters as an example, without the assistance of RIS, the eavesdropper's received signal rate is 100 bps, while with the assistance of RIS it is only 50 bps, a reduction of 50 %. As the eavesdropper distance increases to 100-200 meters and more than 200 meters, the anti-eavesdropping effect of RIS is still significant, reducing the eavesdropping signal rate from 200 bps to 100 bps, and from 300 bps to 150 bps, respectively, with a reduction of 50 %. Finally, this study evaluated the impact of different RIS configurations on system performance in a multi-user scenario. The experimental results show that as the number of reflection units increases from 64 to 128, the total throughput of the system increases from 1000 bps to 1200 bps, an increase of 20 %. In addition, as the number of ","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARIS aided two-way NOMA communication networks","authors":"Xinlong Song ,&nbsp;Xinwei Yue ,&nbsp;Meiqi Song ,&nbsp;Caihong Gong ,&nbsp;Peng Yang ,&nbsp;Hongxu Jin ,&nbsp;Zhiping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of an active reconfigurable intelligent surface (ARIS)-assisted two-way non-orthogonal multiple access (TW-NOMA) network, taking into account the effects of hardware-induced self-interference (HIS), imperfect successive interference cancellation (ipSIC) and additive noise. Specifically, a generalized system model is established under Nakagami-m fading channels, where both the ARIS hardware impairments and residual interference from ipSIC are jointly considered. We derive new closed-form and asymptotic expressions for the outage probability of near and far users under both perfect successive interference cancellation and ipSIC conditions, and further analyze the diversity order to quantify system reliability. Additionally, the delay-constrained system throughput is investigated to evaluate the practical data transmission capabilities of the proposed network. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the accuracy of the analytical results and to assess the impact of key system parameters, such as the reflection amplification factor, fading severity, and number of ARIS elements. The simulation results demonstrate that the ARIS-TW-NOMA-HIS network achieves substantial performance gains over passive RIS and orthogonal multiple access counterparts, especially in high signal-to-noise ratio regimes and with a larger number of reflecting elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index modulation multiple access in multi-user MIMO systems","authors":"Raed Mesleh ,&nbsp;Saud Althunibat","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive performance evaluation of index modulation multiple access (IMMA) is presented for a multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, in which each user is equipped with multiple transmit antennas and conveys information by activating a subset of antennas per symbol interval. Unlike conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) schemes such as time division multiple access (TDMA), the IMMA approach employs a non-orthogonal strategy that enables multiple users to share the same time-frequency resources by utilizing the principles of index modulation (IM). At the base station, a joint maximum likelihood (ML) detector is employed to identify the active antenna indices of all users simultaneously. The IMMA framework is analyzed in terms of spectral efficiency and average bit error rate (ABER), and its performance is benchmarked against a TDMA system in which users adopt the same IM scheme but transmit in orthogonal time slots. Several IM variants are considered, including space shift keying (SSK), generalized SSK (GSSK), and Steiner-SSK (S-SSK). Simulation results demonstrate that TDMA–SSK achieves better performance in scenarios with low spectral efficiency (i.e., <span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span> bits/s/Hz/user) due to reduced interference. However, for higher spectral efficiency regimes (<span><math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></math></span> bits/s/Hz/user), the IMMA–SSK configuration provides superior performance by leveraging the spatial domain for enhanced data multiplexing. These results validate the potential of IMMA as a scalable multiple access strategy for future high-throughput wireless systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-functional QoS guaranteed resource allocation for ISAC-assisted V2X network","authors":"Song Li,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Yamin Shen,&nbsp;Zihan Li,&nbsp;Haocheng Zhang,&nbsp;Dong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology is promising to enable the functional integration of both communication and sensing (C&amp;S) by sharing bandwidth efficiently in the advanced intelligent application fields of 6G Vehicle to Everything (V2X). However, the dynamic ISAC-assisted V2X system still faces challenges in the low-latency and high-sensing radio resource allocation when dealing with the heterogeneous requirements of dual-functional Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test Based Conditional Mutual Information (GMI) is introduced as the sensing metric to estimate the Conditional Mutual Information (CMI) in the echo channel. Then, by taking the sensing GMI as well as transmission latency as penalties, a dual-functional optimization objective of maximizing the communication rate is established. Furthermore, to solve the above Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem, the Bilinear Spatial Branch and Bound Algorithm (BSBBA) has been developed, resulting in the joint optimization solution on the mixed numerology, subcarrier number, and transmission power, adaptive to the dynamic ISAC-assisted V2X environment. In addition, for the sake of implementation, the Dynamic Programming Integerization Algorithm (DPIA) has been developed to obtain a suboptimal solution with significantly reduced computational complexity and good convergence. Finally, the proposed algorithms are evaluated in a dynamic simulated ISAC-assisted V2X system, with results of the C&amp;S performance, numerology distribution, computational complexity, etc. In the end, the flexibility, effectiveness, and feasibility of the new method can be validated with the advantages of high sensing GMI, low-latency, and high data rate performances, which would bring attractive prospects in the ISAC-assisted V2X applications in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep joint source-channel coding for wireless image transmission with auxiliary semantics","authors":"Jianxin Feng,&nbsp;Ge Cao,&nbsp;Junqi Liu,&nbsp;Zumin Wang,&nbsp;Zhiguo Liu,&nbsp;Yuanming Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semantic communication, as an emerging paradigm, has achieved significant success by combining deep learning (DL) with joint source-channel coding (DeepJSCC). However, Current methods struggle to fully adapt to the dynamic complexity of semantic information, often suffering from loss of key details due to feature homogeneity and insufficient noise robustness during transmission, especially in environments with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and high compression scenarios (CR). Therefore, we propose a novel dual-semantic framework for semantic communication, the deep joint source-channel coding for wireless image transmission with auxiliary semantics (SAJSCC), which employs a guidance vector generation network (GVNet) to extract image-specific guidance vectors, and explicitly constructs complementary spaces for the primary feature stream and auxiliary semantics. The decoder integrates a hierarchical feature guidance mechanism, adopting dual decoding strategies to dynamically balance computational efficiency and reconstruction fidelity. Furthermore, we design a concurrent channel-and-spatial attention module (CCSAM) that suppresses noise interference through joint channel–spatial re-weighting. Experimental evaluations show that the proposed SAJSCC framework significantly surpasses existing approaches, delivering a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gain of 5.02 dB and a structural similarity index measure (SSIM) improvement of 0.15 under 0 dB SNR conditions. Our framework significantly enhances the recovery of complex textures, establishing a new paradigm for highly robust semantic communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-divisioned joint bi-static sensing and MU-MIMO communications","authors":"Enhao Wang,&nbsp;Yun Xiao,&nbsp;Yunfei Chen,&nbsp;Aissa Ikhlef,&nbsp;Hongjian Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Joint sensing and communications (JSAC) has been regarded as a key technology in the sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications system. Most existing works on JSAC consider a mono-static setting with a single user. In this work, a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) JSAC system using bi-static sensing with time division is studied. Multi-user interference degrades communications but improves sensing. Both uplink and downlink are investigated. Time division is employed to avoid interference between communications and sensing. A tradeoff measure is optimized with respect to the number of users and time division parameter. Numerical results show that the optimum number of users and time division coefficient exist to maximize both channel capacity for communications and detection probability for sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NICGM: A non-intrusive CSI-guided modulation method for image semantic communication","authors":"Weiming Niu ,&nbsp;Mingru Dong ,&nbsp;Benzhai Hai ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of channel state information (CSI) has been proven effective in enhancing the robustness of transmission in image semantic communication systems. However, existing studies have largely overlooked the modal inconsistency between CSI and semantic features. Specifically, the intrusion of physical features into the semantic space can significantly degrade the reconstruction quality and hinder practical deployment under complex channel conditions. To address this issue, a novel non-intrusive CSI-guided modulation mechanism is proposed in this paper. The mechanism integrates affine modulation and gating control to structurally guide the fusion of CSI into the semantic feature space, effectively mitigating the destructive interference of CSI. Furthermore, a lightweight CSI encoder is introduced to accommodate feedback distortion and compression constraints. A modulation perturbation regularization term is designed to dynamically control the modulation intensity. During system training, perceptual loss and structural reconstruction loss are jointly optimized, while a modulation deviation monitoring indicator is employed to enhance non-intrusive behavior constraints. Experimental results demonstrate that, under low signal-to-noise ratio and distorted CSI scenarios, the proposed NICGM significantly outperforms baseline methods such as JSCC and JPEG in terms of PSNR and perceptual consistency. These findings validate the structural stability and performance advantages of the proposed model in non-ideal wireless environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMTCC-PARAFAC: A convergent tensor framework for DOD–DOA–Doppler estimation in bistatic MIMO radar under impulsive noise","authors":"Li Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Shi ,&nbsp;Tianshuang Qiu ,&nbsp;Mingyan He","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the severe performance degradation of parameter estimation in impulsive noise environments, this paper proposes a novel tensor decomposition framework based on adaptive maximum total complex correntropy (AMTCC) for robust joint parameter estimation in bistatic MIMO radar systems. In the proposed method, for the first time, the AMTCC criterion to reconstruct the parallel factor (PARAFAC) cost function, marking the initial integration of complex correntropy theory with tensor decomposition. To optimize performance, we incorporate an adaptive kernel bandwidth selection mechanism that dynamically adjusts to impulsive noise environments, significantly enhancing parameter estimation accuracy. Then, we develop a novel PARAFAC algorithm based on the AMTCC and apply it to target parameter estimation in bistatic MIMO radar. The proposed algorithm eliminates FLOS methods’ need for prior noise knowledge while concurrently suppressing complex noise components and enabling automatic parameter pairing. Furthermore, we provide theoretical analyses: (1) analyzed complex correntropy’s impulsive noise suppression via nonlinear kernels, (2) proved the boundedness of the AMTCC cost function, (3) analyzed robustness advantages of AMTCC-PARAFAC over existing decompositions and its methodological positioning, (4) derived parameter Cramér–Rao bounds under <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-stable noise, and (5) determined target identifiability limits through factor matrices’ Kruskal rank and dimension constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively suppresses complex-domain impulsive noise while eliminating FLOS methods’ dependence on prior noise statistics, achieving superior parameter estimation accuracy and automatic pairing capability in <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-stable noise environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}