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An off-grid DOA estimation method for the underwater target via the group sparse way 一种基于群稀疏的水下目标离网DOA估计方法
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102859
Hao Wang , Fan Zou
{"title":"An off-grid DOA estimation method for the underwater target via the group sparse way","authors":"Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is a key research topic in hydroacoustic engineering. In recent years, sparse DOA estimation methods, grounded in compressed sensing theory, have attracted widespread attention. These methods typically discretize the angular domain into a uniform grid, with each grid point representing a potential bearing. By assuming that the source lies on one of the predefined grid points, the DOA estimation problem can be formulated as a sparse recovery problem. However, in practical underwater environments, the probability that a source precisely coincides with a grid point is nearly zero. This off-grid effect introduces a grid mismatch problem, which can lead to non-sparse solutions or large estimation errors. To address this issue, off-grid sparse models have been developed. Most existing approaches introduce a perturbation variable into the sparse model to approximate the displacement between the actual source and its nearest grid point. While effective to some extent, these methods often suffer from significantly increased computational complexity. Moreover, they usually rely on the theoretical assumption that the source displacement is infinitesimally small, which limits their estimation performance in real scenarios. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a novel off-grid DOA estimation method based on a group sparse model (GSODE). An enhanced group sparse coding framework, solved efficiently via the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA), is developed to globally optimize the model. Extensive simulations and experimental validations, including the well-known SwellEx-96 sea trial, demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms conventional DOA estimation approaches as well as the state-of-the-art off-grid root sparse Bayesian learning (OGRSBL).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indoor massive MIMO-VLC precoding under SDN-FSO channel SDN-FSO信道下的室内海量MIMO-VLC预编码
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102847
Ren-hai Feng , Yi-da Wei , Wajid Khan , Sheng Xie , Li-ping Luo , Muhammad Zain Yousaf
{"title":"Indoor massive MIMO-VLC precoding under SDN-FSO channel","authors":"Ren-hai Feng ,&nbsp;Yi-da Wei ,&nbsp;Wajid Khan ,&nbsp;Sheng Xie ,&nbsp;Li-ping Luo ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zain Yousaf","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on developing a precoding algorithm for the signal-dependent noise in free space optical (SDN-FSO) channel. To increase spectral efficiency in visible light communication (VLC), we adopt non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Additionally, to enhance the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), relationship between transmission precoding and dimming precoding is investigated. However, such precoding objective is a fractional addition problem form which cannot be solved by traditional optimization methods. Therefore, we use a quadratic transformation-based method to solve this problem. Simulation results show that the proposed joint optimization method not only converges faster under imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) but also achieves significant SINR improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unconditional information-theoretic security of secret keys in binary channels 二进制信道中密钥的无条件信息论安全性
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102854
Kexin Wang , Jian Zhang , Gang Xin , Xingyu Xiao
{"title":"Unconditional information-theoretic security of secret keys in binary channels","authors":"Kexin Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Xin ,&nbsp;Xingyu Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider the problem of the secret key rate in the modified Maurer’s model. The modified model accounts for the noise generated by the source, aligning more closely with realistic scenarios. All receivers receive broadcast signals through binary channels. Unlike Maurer’s model, the bit error rate (BER) of the binary channels in the modified model is correlated because the channels share a partial common noise source. First, we demonstrate that in the case of using the repeat-code protocol, regardless of the channel quality of the eavesdropper Eve, as long as the block length is large enough, the legitimate receivers Alice and Bob can achieve a positive secret key rate. In addition, the block length required to achieve a positive secret key rate is determined, and the lower bound of the secret key rate is given. Next, the upper bound of the secret key rate, i.e., conditional mutual information, is analyzed with the change in Eve’s channel quality. We show that the conditional mutual information decreases by <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> as Eve’s signal-to-noise ratio <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increases, but it remains positive even though the channel noise of Eve is zero.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An enhanced secretary bird optimization algorithm for target localization based on TDOA 一种基于TDOA的增强秘书鸟优化算法
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102853
Yanping Liao, Chanjuan Xing, Qiang Guo
{"title":"An enhanced secretary bird optimization algorithm for target localization based on TDOA","authors":"Yanping Liao,&nbsp;Chanjuan Xing,&nbsp;Qiang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The target localization equations base on time difference of arrival (TDOA) are highly nonlinear and nonconvex, leading to challenges in traditional mathematical methods, such as poor localization robustness, a sharp decline in accuracy with increased noise, and difficulty in ensuring convergence. Metaheuristic algorithms have great potential for solving complex, multimodal, high-dimensional, nonlinear optimization problems. Inspired by the characteristics of metaheuristic algorithms, an enhanced secretary bird optimizer is proposed to address the shortcomings of existing TDOA-based localization algorithms in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed method exhibits higher robustness and localization accuracy in different simulation scenarios, compared to traditional mathematical algorithms and other metaheuristic algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A novel channel model for UAV-to-ground links in integrated sensing and communication scenarios 集成传感和通信场景中无人机对地链路的一种新型信道模型
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102852
Guixin Pan , Honghui Xu , Yanbo Zhang , Wenbin Li , Kang Kang , Tianyi Liu
{"title":"A novel channel model for UAV-to-ground links in integrated sensing and communication scenarios","authors":"Guixin Pan ,&nbsp;Honghui Xu ,&nbsp;Yanbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbin Li ,&nbsp;Kang Kang ,&nbsp;Tianyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is believed to play a crucial function in the sixth generation wireless communication networks. The channel model is a key element for optimizing and evaluating ISAC systems and technologies. In this paper, we propose a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-to-ground ISAC channel model for low-altitude scenarios, providing a theoretical foundation for typical low-altitude ISAC applications such as unauthorized UAV target localization and invasion detection. The model captures both the non-stationarity induced by UAV motion and the intrinsic correlations between different channels. Firstly, to comprehensively characterize practical low-altitude scenarios that involve target UAVs, UAV terminals, and environmental objects, we model the ISAC channel as an integrated target and background channels. Specifically, the target channel encompasses all elements effected by the target UAV. The background channel includes other elements not belonging to the target channel. Secondly, the target channel is modeled as a concatenation of three components: the transmitter-target link, the target-receiver link, and the scattering response of the target UAV. To generate parameters of the target channel at both large and small scales, a concatenated approach is introduced. Additionally, a UAV-to-ground ISAC channel implementation framework is proposed to jointly generate the background and target channels. Finally, we performed measurements of the target UAV’s scattering response, deriving several key conclusions. Simulation results further validate the effectiveness of the introduced concatenated approach and the veracity of the proposed channel model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hypothesis testing with the identity of high-dimensional covariance matrices for Cognitive Radios 认知无线电的高维协方差矩阵同一性假设检验
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102833
Fatih Yavuz Ilgin
{"title":"Hypothesis testing with the identity of high-dimensional covariance matrices for Cognitive Radios","authors":"Fatih Yavuz Ilgin","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive Radio technologies are the biggest solution to the increasing spectrum scarcity problem. The most significant problem in Cognitive Radio is to find spectrum gaps both quickly and successfully. A new spectrum sensing model is proposed that applies a unit test to the covariance matrix of the received signal by the Primary Users to overcome this problem. Thus, spectrum decisions can be made quickly with the proposed detector and these gaps can be evaluated. Our proposed detector is quite suitable for both low detection speed and low processing costs. It also offers successful results with different antenna combinations. Besides, the test statistic and threshold for the proposed method were obtained theoretically. However, the performance of the this method was tested in a MIMO-OFDM based detection model. According to the obtained simulation results, the proposed method performed better detection performance than the conventional Energy Detection (ED), Maximum–Minimum Eigenvalue (MME) ,Covariance Frobenius Norm CFN-based detector and other detection methods. Finally, it has been observed that the proposed detector has advantages in terms of processing cost and detection time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distributed RISs assisted anti-jamming communications: Is on-off status of each RIS needed? 分布式RISs辅助抗干扰通信:是否需要每个RIS的开关状态?
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102849
Yucong Cao , Yifu Sun , Yonggang Zhu , Kang An , Zhi Lin
{"title":"Distributed RISs assisted anti-jamming communications: Is on-off status of each RIS needed?","authors":"Yucong Cao ,&nbsp;Yifu Sun ,&nbsp;Yonggang Zhu ,&nbsp;Kang An ,&nbsp;Zhi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the broadcast nature of wireless channel, the malicious jamming poses a serious threat to wireless communications. Fortunately, due to the potential in providing multiple reconfigurable communication links, distributed reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) can establish more controllable propagation environment enhancing the anti-jamming performance compared to the single RIS. With these focuses, we establish a distributed RISs assisted anti-jamming communication system, where multiple RISs are spatially distributed to reconfigure the propagation environment, thereby enhancing the desired signals and mitigating jamming signals simultaneously. Moreover, the on-off status of each RIS is controlled, such that the best reconfigurable communication link can be selected to avoid the jamming attacks from the perspective of spatial position. Building upon the above system, the paper aims to maximize the sum rate by jointly optimizing the transceiver’s beamforming, the phase shifts of the RISs, and the on-off status of each RIS under the imperfect jammer’s channel state information (CSI). To solve the intractable problem, we adopt the discretization method to transform imperfect CSI into the worst-case one. Subsequently, an alternative optimization method is developed for beamforming optimization and RIS’s selection. Specifically, the closed-form solution of transceiver’s beamforming can be obtained by minimum-mean-square-error algorithm. Then, the successive convex approximation is adopted to optimize the phase shifts of the RISs, and a novel greed method based algorithm is proposed to determine the on-off status of each RIS. Finally, the numerical simulation results demonstrate the superiority and validity of the proposed schemes compared to existing benchmarks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A jamming method for OAM communication system using genetic algorithm 基于遗传算法的OAM通信系统干扰方法
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102835
Yin Dang, Deyu Li, Yusheng Fu, Yi Liao
{"title":"A jamming method for OAM communication system using genetic algorithm","authors":"Yin Dang,&nbsp;Deyu Li,&nbsp;Yusheng Fu,&nbsp;Yi Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wavefront of an Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beam is spiral, which makes its demodulation methods differ from those of a plane wave. Thus, the OAM communication system can inherently resist plane wave jamming. This anti-jamming characteristic of the OAM wave has made it an important and effective technique in wireless communication. Traditional jamming techniques are unable to interfere with its receiver. To disrupt the OAM mode spectrum, a genetic algorithm (GA)-based jamming method is proposed by optimizing the array framework. To overcome the jamming immunity of an OAM beam, the jamming model is built, and the positions of the array elements are optimized to generate a fake OAM signal to confuse the OAM receiver. In addition, an improved method is proposed in which the initial phases of the array elements are set as optimization objectives to interfere with the receiver. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated to further validate the effectiveness of the proposed jamming method, which cannot be obtained using traditional jamming methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient hard-decision and soft-decision decoding algorithms for polar codes 高效的极化码硬判决和软判决译码算法
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102851
Yingnan Qi , Lingjun Kong , Fei Li , Yuezhuang Shi , Haiyang Liu
{"title":"Efficient hard-decision and soft-decision decoding algorithms for polar codes","authors":"Yingnan Qi ,&nbsp;Lingjun Kong ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Yuezhuang Shi ,&nbsp;Haiyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While polar codes are capacity-achieving and adopted in the 5G standard, most practical decoders rely on soft decisions. Few works have considered efficient hard-decision decoding. In this work, we propose a majority-logic-based hard-decision decoder for polar codes by exploiting their nested subcode relations with Reed–Muller (RM) codes. The proposed decoder can achieve the error correction capability up to the theoretical bound determined by the minimum distance of the code. Moreover, we utilize the positions of non-information bits to design a complexity reduction mechanism and introduce a verification criterion to identify successful decoding outcomes. We further extend the hard-decision decoding to a soft-decision approximate maximum likelihood (ML) decoder based on the approach proposed by Kaneko <em>et al.</em> To improve the decoding efficiency, a termination strategy is employed, which stops the decoding process once a predefined number of candidate codewords is found. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed decoder achieves near-ML performance while reducing computational complexity compared to existing soft-decision algorithms for polar codes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joint user offloading association and resource allocation in cloud–edge collaboration system 云边缘协作系统中的联合用户卸载关联与资源分配
IF 2.2 4区 计算机科学
Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102848
Xue Jiang , Haie Dou , Lei Wang , Zhijie Xia
{"title":"Joint user offloading association and resource allocation in cloud–edge collaboration system","authors":"Xue Jiang ,&nbsp;Haie Dou ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijie Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cloud–edge collaboration computing is an emerging technology that combines the benefits of edge and cloud computing to reduce latency, improve energy efficiency, and enhance the quality of service for applications on mobile devices (MDs). This paper explores the collaboration between edge and cloud computing to efficiently complete diverse tasks from mobile devices, thereby achieving optimal performance. First, a Quantum Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is introduced to address the user offloading association problem, taking into account load balancing and distance factors. Second, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) determines the optimal solution for task assignment and resource allocation, aiming to minimize latency and energy consumption. Simulation results indicate that the convergence speed of the Quantum Genetic Algorithm is faster than the traditional algorithms when addressing the user offloading association problem. Additionally, the Genetic Algorithm can find the global optimal solution for task assignment and resource allocation issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 102848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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