Physical Communication最新文献

{"title":"Full-duplex (FD) two-way device-to-device (D2D) communications based on dual IRSs","authors":"Shiguo Wang ,&nbsp;Chang Lin ,&nbsp;Rukhsana Ruby ,&nbsp;Xiukai Ruan ,&nbsp;Qingyong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For device-to-device (D2D) communications in the internet of things (IoT), when the direct links between terminals are unavailable owing to obstacles or severe fading, deploying intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) is a promising solution to reconfigure channel environments for enhancing signal coverage and system capacity. In this paper, to improve system spectrum and energy efficiency, a novel full-duplex (FD) D2D communication model with dual IRSs is presented, where two IRSs are deployed closely to two FD transceivers for assisting the exchange of information between them. Given the budget of total transmit power, maximizing the achievable sum-rate of such IRS-assisted FD two-way system is formulated to optimize the precoding at the two transceivers and the phase shifts at the two IRSs. For such a coupled non-convex problem, we decouple it into two subproblems successfully, which can be solved in an alternate manner with low complexity. Simulation results are presented to validate the superior performance of the proposed D2D communication model compared to the existing models and similar optimization schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource allocation scheme for multi-cluster NOMA-SWIPT systems with multiple IRSs","authors":"Xiaorong Jing ,&nbsp;Ningyue Chen ,&nbsp;Hongqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of providing seamless cellular connectivity for a massive number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices within limited resources, this paper integrates non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technologies. Considering practical factors such as imperfect channel state information (CSI), non-ideal successive interference cancellation (SIC), and non-linear energy harvesting (EH), this paper constructs a multi-cluster NOMA-SWIPT transmission model assisted by multiple IRSs. For this model, with the aim of maximizing system energy efficiency (EE) under constraints such as maximum base station (BS) transmit power, IRS reflection phase shifts, minimum transmission rate, and minimum energy harvesting (EH), a non-convex resource allocation problem is formulated. The solution to this problem requires the joint optimization of the BS transmit beamforming vectors, IRS reflection phase shifts, and power splitting (PS) ratios. To address this challenge, the original problem is initially decomposed into three non-convex sub-problems. Subsequently, by employing Schur’s complement, the S-procedure, General sign-definiteness, and successive convex approximation (SCA), these non-convex sub-problems are transformed into solvable convex optimization sub-problems. Finally, an alternating iterative method is proposed to solve these sub-problems, thereby addressing the original resource allocation problem. Simulation results validate not only the convergence of the robust resource allocation scheme based on alternating iteration but also demonstrate that leveraging the close-range coverage of IRSs can significantly enhance system energy efficiency, even under non-ideal SIC and imperfect CSI conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-UAV detection and identification technology: Fundamentals, methods and challenges","authors":"Lan Xu ,&nbsp;Zhongqiang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has driven its widespread application in military, commercial, and civilian domains, such as surveillance, logistics, and disaster response. However, this growing popularity has also raised serious security and privacy concerns, as UAVs can be misused for smuggling, espionage, terrorism, and other illegal activities. As a result, anti-UAV detection and identification technologies have become a critical research area for monitoring, identifying, and mitigating the threats posed by rogue drones. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in anti-UAV detection and identification technologies. To deepen the understanding of these technologies, the paper first introduces the UAV system (UAS) framework and its corresponding anti-UAV systems. Subsequently, it presents an in-depth analysis of the primary detection and identification methods, including those based on image processing, radio frequency (RF) signals, radar, infrared characteristics, acoustic features, and multi-modal fusion. The advantages, limitations, and application scenarios of each method are systematically compared and summarized. Furthermore, this paper identifies the major challenges faced by current anti-UAV detection technologies, such as detection accuracy, range, robustness, and cost, and explores potential directions for future research and development. By synthesizing these insights, this paper aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the art in anti-UAV technologies, serving as a valuable reference to advance research progress and foster innovation in this critical field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JOPCNN-based hybrid precoding/combining algorithm for millimeter wave communication systems","authors":"Fulai Liu ,&nbsp;Hong Cao ,&nbsp;Yuchen Wu ,&nbsp;Baozhu Shi ,&nbsp;Ruiyan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the wideband hybrid precoding/combining (HPC) performance, this paper presents an antenna selection-based joint optimization HPC algorithm, namely JOPCNN. In the proposed algorithm, a JOPCNN framework is constructed to obtain the optimal analog precoder and combiner. Specially, the JOPCNN includes antenna selection convolutional neural network(ASCNN) and hybrid precoding/combining convolutional neural network (HPCCNN) subnetworks. Firstly, to improve spectral efficiency(SE) while reducing hardware cost and complexity of the system, the purpose of the ASCNN is to get the best antenna arrays. Subsequently, by employing the analog phase matrix as a label, the HPCCNN subnetwork is able to output the best analog precoder and combiner while adhering to the constant modulus restriction. Meanwhile, in order to better extract the amplitude, phase, and carrier-related information of the channel, a 3-dimensional convolutional neural network(3DCNN) is introduced into the proposed JOPCNN model. Finally, the digital coder can be solved by employing the resulting analog coder. Simulation findings indicate that the suggested approach performs better in SE than comparable algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRL-based RIS-assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication Joint design of beamforming and reflection phase shift","authors":"Zaiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongqiang Luo ,&nbsp;Yiting Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the key application scenarios of the sixth generation of mobile communications (6G), various industries have partially researched Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC). ISAC can combine the functions of communications and radar to achieve the sharing of the hardware platform and unlimited radio spectrum. In the complex environment of the ISAC system, when encountering signal fading and energy loss, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) can be used to assist ISAC communications, providing a solution for efficient communications and high-precision sensing for future 6G systems. Currently, most joint beamforming designs for RIS-assisted ISAC systems adopt traditional methods. The core idea is to achieve resource allocation and beam steering through mathematical modeling and optimization theory. This study proposes a joint beamforming design scheme using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Based on the DRL framework, the soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm is adopted to achieve a low-complexity scheme to solve the non-convex optimization problem in RIS-assisted ISAC systems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the DRL-based method in RIS-assisted ISAC systems and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can maximize the guaranteed communication rate of users while achieving perception of the surrounding environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical layer security performance of cooperative backscatter-NOMA communication systems for multi-tags and multi-eavesdroppers","authors":"Gaojian Huang ,&nbsp;Yuhui Zhou ,&nbsp;Peiqing Guo ,&nbsp;Xilai Wang ,&nbsp;Xingwang Li ,&nbsp;Junxia Li ,&nbsp;Gang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are promising techniques for addressing low power consumption and high spectral efficiency in the Internet of Things. This paper investigates a cooperative NOMA-AmBC symbiotic network with a tag selection strategy, analyzing its impact on communication performance in terms of reliability and security. An optimal tag selection strategy is used at backscatter devices (BDs) to improve system reliability. Closed-form expressions for outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) are derived to characterize security performance, with their approximations and diversity gains analyzed at high signal-to-noise ratios. Given the vulnerability of BDs to eavesdroppers, IP is analyzed for both non-collusive and collusive scenarios. The analysis and simulation results show that the optimal tag selection scheme can achieve higher reliability. Moreover, altering the relevant system parameters can optimize the performance trade-off between reliability and security. It is also concluded that colluding eavesdroppers use shared eavesdropping information to enhance intercepting attacks, further compromising the system’s security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure transmission OFDMA VLC in presence of external jammer: Perfect and imperfect CSI","authors":"Mohammad Hosein Sabbaghi,&nbsp;Fakhroddin Nazari,&nbsp;Farid Samsami Khodadad,&nbsp;Moslem Forouzesh","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secure transmission in visible light communication (VLC) is very important. Hence, in this paper, we investigate physical layer security (PLS) in downlink of orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (Eve), multi users, and an external jammer. It is necessary to mention that in the future networks the users need to service continually. Hence, the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) method is not compatible for this application, to tackle this issue, we use OFDMA technique. Moreover, due to its orthogonal subcarriers, OFDMA minimizes inter-user interference. This leads to a lower bit error rate compared to non-orthogonal multiple access in most scenarios. Specially, this metric is very vital in the medical application, hence, we investigate OFDMA in this work. Our intention is to improve sum secrecy rate (SSR); hence, we propose an optimization problem to assign the subcarrier and power to users, subject to power limitation and OFDMA requirements. Moreover, since Eve is passive, the Channel State Information (CSI) of Eves may be not available, hence, we investigate two scenarios, perfect and imperfect CSI. Sine the proposed optimization problem is non-convex and complicated, we utilize the well-known iterative algorithm called the Alternative Search Method (ASM). This algorithm breaks down the optimization problem into two subproblems: power allocation and subcarrier allocation. Since the power allocation optimization problem is non-convex, we employ difference of two concave functions (DC) approximation and epigraph method, to approximate it to convex one. Since subcarrier allocation optimization problem consists of binary variables, we employ the Mesh Adaptive Direct Search algorithm (MADS) to solve it. The simulation results show that in the proposed system model, it is not necessary to employ a photodiode with high physical area the reason is that secrecy rate is saturated in high value of physical area photodiode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A group-based coarse-fine algorithm for intelligent reflecting surface beamforming","authors":"Shahriar Shirvani Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Kiaksar Shirvani Moghaddam","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the optimization problem of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) -assisted or -aided wireless communication system, which is usually a non-convex combinatorial single-objective/multi-objective non-deterministic polynomial hard problem, both the non-binary parameters of the system model and binary weights of the IRS elements are found to maximize the objective function. In this paper, we convert the original optimization problem into two problems. The primary problem is finding the desired IRS array factor without focusing on the binary weights. The secondary one is finding the binary weights of the IRS elements to reach the desired array factor with minimum error. We model and solve the secondary problem using an algorithm to activate/deactivate elements of the IRS. First, the proposed algorithm generates random matrices consisting of 0/1 weights, which create array factors with a tolerable error, and selects the matrix with minimum error. Second, it changes the weights of the matrix one by one up to the second predefined iteration number and saves it if the error is reduced. For 36 elements with 0.5 wavelength inter-element spacing, a tolerable amount of error of 0.1, and 1000 iterations, all-on, improved all-on, constrained random on-off, improved constrained random on-off, and Genetic solutions show 25%, 21%, 11%, 5%, and 7% error, respectively. In addition to the computational complexity, the complexity order of the proposed algorithm is derived and compared with both exhaustive search and the Genetic algorithm. Furthermore, the precision, processing time, and the difference between the obtained and desired weights are compared in 2 × 2-dimension to 10 × 10-dimension configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MDRD-Based Channel State Information Acquisition Scheme for Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wireless Communication Systems","authors":"Jihong Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Yang ,&nbsp;Zhuo Wang ,&nbsp;Conghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance gains of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided wireless communication systems are highly dependent on the precise acquisition of channel state information (CSI). In IRS-aided wireless communication systems that employ model-driven CSI acquisition schemes, it is typically difficult to adapt to changes in the environment or user positions. The inadequate accuracy of CSI acquisition severely restricts the beamforming gains that IRS can bring to the system. Benefiting from minimal reliance on channel models and effective online estimation, data-driven CSI acquisition approaches are emerging as a research hotspot in IRS-aided wireless communication systems. However, in IRS-aided wireless communication systems using data-driven CSI acquisition schemes, a standard neural network is usually adopted, rather than constructing specialized architectures tailored to data characteristics, leaving room for further performance improvements. For obtaining more accurate real-time CSI and maximizing the performance gains brought by IRS, the CSI acquisition challenge is modelled as a denoising task, and a multi-scale dense residual denoising convolutional neural network (MDRD)-based denoising scheme is introduced in this paper. The scheme repeatedly adopts denoising blocks based on residual structures with short-skip connections and multi-scale convolutional kernels for network construction. The MDRD denoising model, with parameters set during offline training, is subsequently applied in the online application phase for CSI acquisition. Simulation results indicate that the MDRD-based CSI acquisition scheme achieves a relative enhancement of at least 36.2 % in CSI estimation accuracy at the cost of an almost negligible performance loss in denoising speed, thereby effectively balancing the accuracy and real-time capabilities of CSI acquisition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uplink power control for cell-free massive MIMO URLLC systems over aging and spatially correlated channels","authors":"Xiaoqiao Yang,&nbsp;Wenjiang Feng,&nbsp;Donggen Li,&nbsp;Li Zhu,&nbsp;Xinxin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impact of channel aging on the performance of cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), considering spatial correlation and pilot contamination. Closed-form expressions are derived for the uplink achievable rate under finite block length (FBL) and maximum ratio combining (MRC). To maximize the weighted sum rate for all users, a maximum power optimization problem is formulated. The original non-convex problem is transformed into a series of geometric programming (GP) problems using successive convex optimization (SCO) and logarithmic methods, which are solved iteratively. The numerical results verify the correctness of our derived closed expression for the achievable rate under the FBL. Channel aging significantly degrades the performance of CF massive MIMO URLLC systems. Moreover, the proposed maximum power allocation strategy improves the 95%-likely per-user uplink spectral efficiency (SE) compared to systems without power control, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of channel aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48707,"journal":{"name":"Physical Communication","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 102654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}