Physiotherapy Theory and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Additional effects of therapeutic exercise and education on manual therapy for chronic temporomandibular disorders treatment: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Cristian Justribó-Manion, Juan Mesa-Jiménez, Javier Bara-Casaus, Juan-Carlos Zuil-Escobar, Katarzyna Wachowska, Gerard Álvarez-Bustins","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316305","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have evaluated the implementation of behavioral approaches in individuals with chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the benefits of a behavioral approach to craniofacial pain. Second, we assessed the benefits of kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, mouth opening without pain, and forward head posture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with chronic TMDs were treated for five weeks. The intervention group (<i>n</i> = 17) underwent pain neuroscience education, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise, whereas the control group (<i>n</i> = 17) underwent manual therapy only. Outcomes were evaluated immediately, at seven and 19 weeks follow-up. The assessment tools used were the Craniofacial Pain Disability Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Mandibular Range of Motion Scale, and Cervical Range of Motion Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The interventions did not influence the differences in the improvements between the groups observed for craniofacial pain disability (inter-subject p 0.4). The intervention had a moderate influence on the improvement of kinesiophobia and catastrophizing (Inter-subject p 0.09 and 0.1 respectively) with a clinically significant effect size (Estimated mean (EM) -8.6 standard deviation (SD) ±3.48 p 0.019; and EM -7.6 SD ± 5.11 p 0.15 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The behavioral approach improved catastrophizing and kinesiophobia outcomes in individuals with chronic TMDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"12-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balance assessment under dual task conditions in patients with total knee arthroplasty: a test-retest reliability and concurrent validity study.","authors":"Damla Özcan, Bayram Unver, Vasfi Karatosun","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2321222","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2321222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Under dual-task (DT), functional mobility and balance testing can detect balance and mobility problems in activities of daily living, especially in situations that cannot be identified under single-task conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Four Square Step Test (FSST) under DT conditions for people with total knee arthroplasty (TKA).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 30 patients with TKA participated in this research, and patients were tested with the FSST under DT conditions. In addition, concurrent validity of the dual-task FSST was calculated using Timed Up and Go (TUG) under the single-task condition and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Score. Patients performed two FSST trials on the same day under DT conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC_2,1) two-way random effects model, and minimal detectable changes with 95% confidence intervals (MDC₉₅) values of the FSST under DT conditions were .97 and 3.43, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient of the FSST with the TUG and HSS was .65 and -.40, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FSST has been found to be a reliable and valid clinical assessment tool for dynamic balance under DT conditions in patients with TKA. For identify balance disorders in daily life at early points, clinicians and researchers can use the FSST under DT conditions in TKA.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>NCT06108466.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of high voltage electrical stimulation in temporomandibular disorders: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Halime Arikan, Seyit Citaker, Cahit Ucok, Ozlem Ucok","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2321215","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2321215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effects of high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES) on pain intensity, maximum mouth opening (MMO), cervical mobility, head position, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), bite force, joint sounds, and jaw muscle strength in individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four individuals with TMDs were randomly divided into the exercise group (EG) (<i>n</i> = 17) and the HVES group (HG) (<i>n</i> = 17). For 4 weeks, EG received exercise therapy alone, while HG received HVES (12 sessions in total, 3 days a week to anterior temporalis and masseter) in conjunction with exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the treatment, in both groups, pain intensity significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < .001); MMO (7.27 mm in HG and 3.61 mm in EG), cervical mobility, head position, PPTs, bite force, and jaw muscle strength significantly increased (<i>p</i> = .043 to < .001). Joint sounds significantly decreased in the HG (<i>p</i> = .008). Left bite force (<i>p</i> = .040) and left medial pterygoid PPT (<i>p</i> = .013) increased more in EG. The change in left bite force in EG over time was significant (<i>p</i> = .040; η_p² = .126). The effect sizes of treatments were medium to large (from .527 to 1.602) for the evaluated parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although exercise alone was effective in many parameters evaluated, additional application of HVES provided further improvement for pain, MMO, cervical mobility, PPTs, jaw muscle strength and joint sounds. HVES can be routinely used in clinics for individuals with TMDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139974132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trunk control in people with multiple sclerosis with different disability level: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Melike Sumeyye Ozen, Ali Dogan, Sibel Aksu-Yildirim","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316306","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trunk control is significant for a quality movement. Trunk control is reduced in people with Multiple Sclerosis compared to healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to compare trunk control in people with Multiple Sclerosis according to disability level and to examine the relationship between disability level and trunk control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of one hundred-two people with Multiple Sclerosis were included in the study. The disability level was recorded with the Expanded Disability Status Scale score. Trunk control was evaluated with the Trunk Impairment Scale and core stability tests. Additionally, people with Multiple Sclerosis were divided into subgroups according to their disability levels (Expanded Disability Status Scale ≤ 3 and ≥ 3.5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trunk Impairment Scale scores and core stability test results were statistically significantly lower in the group of people with Multiple Sclerosis with a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale score (3.5-6.5) than in the group with a lower Expanded Disability Status Scale score (1-3) (<i>p</i> = 0.001). A correlation was found between the level of disability and all parameters of trunk control in the total sample (<i>p</i> = 0.001). A significant relationship was detected between the disability level and most trunk control parameters in the Expanded Disability Status Scale ≤ 3 and ≥ 3.5 subgroups (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the level of disability increases in people with Multiple Sclerosis, trunk control decreases, suggesting that care should be taken regarding trunk control during the progression of the disease. Evaluation of trunk control will be guiding when creating treatment programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring mental health approaches and curriculum in physiotherapy: an Australasian perspective.","authors":"J Furness, J Phillips, E Canetti, K Kemp-Smith","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316308","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to mental health problems are becoming increasingly more frequent within physiotherapy. Physiotherapists recognize the need for a biopsychosocial approach, however their knowledge, assessment, and treatment skills specific to mental health problems requires further research.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To profile the level of education and perception of education that physiotherapists have acquired specific to mental health problems; and to profile an understanding of the current practice of physiotherapists specific to mental health problems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey addressed the aims of the study and collected data from physiotherapists in Australia and New Zealand (open between 20^th of October 2022 to the 20^th of March 2023).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>139 respondents were included in the analysis. Physiotherapists had a perception that a significantly greater amount of coursework related to mental health needed to be included within their initial degree compared to what they received (mean difference of 20.0%, 95% CI: 17.5 to 22.5). This trend was evident irrespective of the degree level or the year of graduation. Higher perceived knowledge of anxiety (MD of 11.4, <i>p</i> = 0.001, ES: 0.5) and depression (MD of 11.8, <i>p</i> = 0.001, ES: 0.5) was evident in outpatient care physiotherapists. Lack of perceived knowledge is a reason for whether an assessment or treatment strategy is used with patients experiencing a mental health problem. Motivational interviewing and mindfulness were the most frequently used psychologically based techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals the need to increase the amount of mental health and psychologically based techniques within Physiotherapy curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"207-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia is associated with lower step count in patients with peripheral artery disease following endovascular treatment.","authors":"Koya Takino, Yasutaka Hara, Daisuke Sakui, Itta Kawamura, Jun Kikuchi, Takuyuki Komoda, Tomoko Koeda","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2319780","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2319780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) often complain of reduced physical activity (PA) despite improvements in intermittent claudication after successful endovascular treatment (EVT). Sarcopenia resulting from chronic ischemia can affect post-EVT PA levels.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the association between sarcopenia and post-EVT PA levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred five patients with PAD were consecutively enrolled in this study. PA was assessed using the post-EVT step count and the pre-EVT International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia and defined as low muscle mass and strength, and/or slow walking speed. The patients were categorized into three groups: 1) patients with sarcopenia (Sarcopenia Group); 2) patients with only low muscle mass or strength, and/or slow walking speed (Suspected-Sarcopenia Group); and 3) patients who did not fulfill all the sarcopenia criteria (No-Sarcopenia Group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proportions of patients in the Sarcopenia, Suspected-Sarcopenia, and No-Sarcopenia Groups were 31.4, 38.1, and 30.5%, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, the Sarcopenia Group demonstrated significantly lower step counts than the Suspected-Sarcopenia Group (<i>p</i> = .016) and No-Sarcopenia Group (<i>p</i> = .009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that patients with PAD and sarcopenia require rehabilitation strategies to enhance physical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139898310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of adding thoracic manipulation for the management of patients with adhesive capsulitis: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Ahmed M El Melhat, Rami L Abbas, Moustafa R Zebdawi, Ali Mohamed Ali Ismail","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316897","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research is supporting thoracic spine manipulation (TSM) as an intervention in treating adhesive capsulitis (AC) when coupled with physical therapy interventions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether TSM improves AC outcomes when combined with physical therapy interventions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial with 40 patients assigned into two groups. The experimental group (EG) received physical therapy intervention and TSM; the control group (CG) had physical therapy with sham manipulation. Both groups received interventions biweekly for 12 weeks. Outcomes included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), scapular upward rotation, and shoulder passive range of motion conducted at baseline, after 1 session, 6 and 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups improved significantly after 6 and 12 weeks in pain, disability (<i>p</i> = 0.01 for both; d = 1.53 and 1.46, respectively), scapular upward rotation, shoulder flexion (<i>p</i> = 0.02 for both; d = 2.2 and 0.92, respectively), abduction (<i>p</i> = 0.04; d = 0.07), and external rotation (<i>p</i> = 0.03; d = 0.7). However, CG showed no significant improvement in pain or disability after one session (<i>p</i> = 0.14 and <i>p</i> = 0.16, respectively; d = 0.46 for both). Between groups, results favored EG significantly in pain, disability, scapular upward rotation, shoulder flexion, and abduction (<i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.05, and <i>p</i> = 0.04, respectively) at 6 weeks (d = 0.81, d = 0.87, d = 0.67, d = 0.64, and d = 0.69, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest that adding TSM yielded superior clinical benefits when compared to physical therapy interventions in AC patients. Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge a specific limitation in our study is the omission of passive internal rotation assessment. This aspect represents a notable constraint in our research.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registry number: </strong>Pan African clinical trial registry \"<i>PACTR202303495421928</i>\".</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of neck pain in adults with a Back School-Based intervention: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Pablo Hernandez-Lucas, Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez, Juan Lopez-Barreiro, José L García-Soidán","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316313","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2316313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neck pain is a health problem worldwide. To prevent it, experts recommend exercise and education.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of a Back School-based intervention for the prevention of nonspecific neck pain in a healthy adult population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial with 58 participants with no history of neck pain within the past six months. The experimental group performed an 8-week Back School-based program. The control group maintained their usual lifestyle. Primary outcomes, which include the number of episodes, days and intensity of neck pain, and the number of medical visits, were recorded in a 1-year follow-up diary and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Secondary outcomes, such as neck flexor, neck extensor, and scapular muscles endurance, were analyzed using the ANOVA test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the analysis of the primary outcomes, no significant differences were found in the number of episodes (<i>p</i> = 0.068,d = -0.49), number of days (<i>p</i> = 0.059,d = -0.54), or the average intensity of neck pain (<i>p</i> = 0.061,d = -0.53). There were significant changes in the number of medical visits (<i>p</i> = 0.033,d = -0.57). Moving to secondary outcomes, significant interactions were observed in neck flexor (<i>p</i> = 0.045, ηp² = 0.036) and neck extensor endurance (<i>p</i> = 0.049, ηp² = 0.035), but not in scapular muscle endurance (<i>p</i> = 0.536, ηp² = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Back School-based program reduced the number of medical visits and increased the endurance of the cervical musculature. Trial registration in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05260645.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139742325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social support and therapeutic relationships intertwine to influence exercise behavior in people with sport-related knee injuries.","authors":"Linda K Truong, Amber D Mosewich, Maxi Miciak, Justin M Losciale, Linda C Li, Jackie L Whittaker","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2315520","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2315520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Explore how social support influences exercise therapy participation and adherence before and after enrolling in an education and exercise therapy intervention (Stop OsteoARthritis, SOAR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><b>Study design</b>: Interpretative description. We sampled participants with sport-related knee injuries from the SOAR randomized controlled trial. SOAR is a virtual, physiotherapist-guided, education and exercise therapy-based knee health program that targets individuals at risk of early osteoarthritis. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were completed, and an inductive approach was guided by Braun & Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen participants (67% female, median age 26 [19-35] years) were interviewed. Three themes were generated that encapsulated participants' social support experiences that fostered exercise participation: 1) <i>Treat me as a whole person</i> represented the value of social support that went beyond participants' physical needs, 2) <i>Work with me</i> highlighted the working partnership between the clinician and the participant, and 3) <i>Journey with me</i> indicated a need for on-going support is necessary for the long-term management of participants' knee health. A theme of the therapeutic relationship was evident across the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Insight was gained into <i>how and why</i> perceived support may be linked to exercise behavior, with the therapeutic relationship being potentially linked to perceived support. Social support strategies embedded within an education and exercise therapy program may boost exercise adherence after sport-related knee injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shockwave therapy and fibromyalgia and its effect on pain, blood markers, imaging, and participant experience - a multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Paolo Sanzo, Martina Agostino, Wesley Fidler, Jane Lawrence-Dewar, Erin Pearson, Carlos Zerpa, Sarah Niccoli, Simon J Lees","doi":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2321503","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593985.2024.2321503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with fibromyalgia experience chronic, widespread pain. It remains a misunderstood disorder with multimodal treatments providing mixed results.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the effects of radial shockwave therapy (RSWT) compared to placebo on pain, pain catastrophizing, psychological indices, blood markers, and neuroimaging. Study-related experiences were also explored qualitatively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quantitative sensory testing (QST), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Beighton Scoring Screen (BSS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), blood biomarker (Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10), and brain fMRI were measured pre- and post-treatment along with a post-treatment survey. The RSWT group received five treatments (one week apart over five-week period) to the three most painful areas (500 shocks at 1.5 bar and 15 Hz, then 1000 shocks at 2 bar and 8 Hz, and finally 500 shocks at 1.5 bar and 15 Hz) versus sham treatment for the placebo group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences in the BSS for hypermobility (<i>p</i> = .21; <i>d</i> = .74), PCS (<i>p</i> = .70; <i>d</i> = .22), VAS (<i>p = .17-.61</i>; <i>d</i> = .20-.83) scores, QST for skin temperature and stimuli (<i>p = .14-.65</i>; <i>d</i> = .25-.88), and for the pressure pain threshold (<i>p = .71-.93</i>; <i>d</i> = .05-.21). The VAS scores had clinically significant changes (MCID greater than 13.90) with improved pain scores in the RSWT group. Neuroimaging scans revealed no cortical thickness changes. Post-treatment surveys revealed pain and symptom improvements and offered hope to individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RSWT was implemented safely, without any negative treatment effects reported, and acted as a pain modulator to reduce sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identification number NCT02760212.</p>","PeriodicalId":48699,"journal":{"name":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice","volume":" ","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}