Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1177/23312165251317925
Katrina Kate S McClannahan, Sarah McConkey, Julia M Levitan, Thomas L Rodebaugh, Jonathan E Peelle
{"title":"Social Anxiety, Negative Affect, and Hearing Difficulties in Adults.","authors":"Katrina Kate S McClannahan, Sarah McConkey, Julia M Levitan, Thomas L Rodebaugh, Jonathan E Peelle","doi":"10.1177/23312165251317925","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251317925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective ratings of communication function reflect both auditory sensitivity and the situational, social, and emotional consequences of communication difficulties. Listeners interact with people and their environment differently, have various ways of handling stressful situations, and have diverse communication needs. Therefore, understanding the relationship between auditory and mental health factors is crucial for the holistic diagnosis and treatment of communication difficulty, particularly as mental health and communication function may have bidirectional effects. The goal of this study was to evaluate the degree to which social anxiety and negative affect (encompassing generalized anxiety, depression, and anger) contributed to subjective communication function (hearing handicap) in adult listeners. A cross-sectional online survey was administered via REDCap. Primary measures were brief assessments of social anxiety, negative affect, and subjective communication function measures. Participants were 628 adults (408 women, 220 men), ages 19 to 87 years (mean = 43) living in the United States. Results indicated that individuals reporting higher social anxiety and higher negative affect also reported poorer communication function. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that both negative affect and social anxiety were significant and unique predictors of subjective communication function. Social anxiety and negative affect both significantly, and uniquely, contribute to how much someone feels a hearing loss impacts their daily communication function. Further examination of social anxiety and negative affect in older adults with hearing loss may help researchers and clinicians understand the complex interactions between mental health and sensory function during everyday communication, in this rapidly growing clinical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251317925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11803679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the Lombard Effect for Mandarin: Relation Between Speech Recognition Thresholds and Acoustic Parameters.","authors":"Fei Chen, Changjie Pan, Hongmei Hu, Sabine Hochmuth, Birger Kollmeier, Anna Warzybok","doi":"10.1177/23312165251324266","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251324266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work quantifies the Lombard effect across native speakers of Mandarin Chinese using the Matrix sentence test, which is optimized for precisely assessing speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) in noise. Specifically, we studied the effects of speaker gender, fundamental frequency (F0), formant frequencies (F1 and F2), the duration and rate of voiced segments, and frequency-specific energy redistribution characterized by alpha ratio and speech-weighted signal-to-noise ratio (swSNR) on the recognition of Mandarin in plain and Lombard speech. The Mandarin Chinese matrix test was recorded with plain and Lombard speech from 11 native-Mandarin speakers. SRTs in stationary noise were measured with native-Mandarin, normal-hearing listeners. Results showed that on average, Mandarin Lombard speech was more intelligible than Mandarin plain speech for both female and male speakers, and the Mandarin Lombard gain of female speakers was larger than that of males. In addition, various acoustic analyses involving all speakers showed that (a) only swSNR was significantly correlated with the SRT of the Mandarin plain speech; (b) most acoustic measures were significantly correlated with the SRT of the Mandarin Lombard speech; and (c) alpha ratio and swSNR were significantly correlated with the SRT Lombard gain. In addition, a gender effect was found in the correlational analysis between acoustic parameters and SRT as well as Lombard gain in SRT. The findings highlight the impact of increased high-frequency energy on the observed Lombard gain in Mandarin speech, whereas the changes in individual acoustic parameters (e.g., F0 and F1) appear to play only a minor role.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251324266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1177/23312165251353638
Katelyn A Berg, Jack H Noble, Benoit M Dawant, René H Gifford
{"title":"Evaluating Selective Apical Electrode Deactivation for Improving Cochlear Implant Outcomes.","authors":"Katelyn A Berg, Jack H Noble, Benoit M Dawant, René H Gifford","doi":"10.1177/23312165251353638","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251353638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective study investigated the potential benefits of deactivating the second most apical electrode to improve access to lower-frequency pitch and first formant information to help improve speech and music outcomes with a cochlear implant. Twenty-one adults (30 ears) with cochlear implants completed an A-B-A-B study to compare the participant's clinical map with all electrodes active (A) and their clinical map with the second most apical electrode deactivated (B). Test measures included pitch discrimination, speech understanding in noise, and subjective musical sound quality and enjoyment ratings. This study also investigated the impact of participant demographic and electrode placement factors on the degree of benefit derived from the experimental map (B). There was no significant difference between the two conditions on any measure at the group level. However, individual participants demonstrated improvements in pitch discrimination (33.3%), speech perception in noise (43.3%), musical sound quality (50.0%), and musical enjoyment (40.0%). Musical sound quality and enjoyment ratings were strongly correlated, and speech perception correlated with musical enjoyment but not sound quality. Electrodes outside scala tympani, smaller electrode-to-modiolus distances, and certain device manufacturers (Cochlear and MED-EL) predicted greater benefit from deactivating the second-most apical electrode. Certain adult cochlear implant users may benefit from selective apical electrode deactivation, depending on their demographic and electrode placement profile. Clinicians could consider deactivating the second most apical electrode with patients, who report poor musical sound quality or those who have disengaged from music since receiving their CI to assess potential benefits individually.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251353638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1177/23312165251376382
J Gerard G Borst, André Goedegebure
{"title":"Tonal Tinnitus Does Not Interfere with Tone Detection at the Tinnitus Pitch-Matched Frequency.","authors":"J Gerard G Borst, André Goedegebure","doi":"10.1177/23312165251376382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23312165251376382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with tinnitus hear sounds that are not present in the external environment. Whereas hearing difficulties at frequencies near those matching the tinnitus pitch are a common complaint for individuals with tinnitus, it is unclear to what extent the internal tinnitus sounds interfere with the detection of external sounds. We therefore studied whether pure-tone detection at the estimated frequency corresponding to the tinnitus pitch (f<sub>tp</sub>) was affected by confusion with the tinnitus percept. Signs of confusion would be a high false alarm rate or a shallower slope of the psychometric function for tone detection at f<sub>tp</sub>. We selected participants with symmetric, tonal tinnitus, who were able to estimate its pitch consistently (n = 18). Another 18 participants matched for high-frequency hearing loss, age, and sex, but without tinnitus, served as the control group. For both groups, we measured the psychometric function for detecting long-duration tones, maximizing the likelihood for confusion with an external sound. We observed that false alarm rates for tinnitus participants were not higher for test tones at f<sub>tp</sub>, nor were they higher than for the control group without tinnitus. Similar results were obtained for the slopes of the psychometric functions. Apparently, individuals with tinnitus are well able to discriminate between their own tinnitus and comparable external sounds. Our results indicate that (tonal) tinnitus does not interfere with the detection of soft sounds at the tinnitus pitch-matched frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251376382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1177/23312165251320439
Adnan M Shehabi, Christopher J Plack, Margaret Zuriekat, Ola Aboudi, Stephen A Roberts, Joseph Laycock, Hannah Guest
{"title":"Arabic Digits-in-Noise Tests: Relations to Hearing Loss and Comparison of Diotic and Antiphasic Versions.","authors":"Adnan M Shehabi, Christopher J Plack, Margaret Zuriekat, Ola Aboudi, Stephen A Roberts, Joseph Laycock, Hannah Guest","doi":"10.1177/23312165251320439","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251320439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study set out to acquire validation data for Arabic versions of the Digits-in-Noise (DIN) test, measured using browser-based software suitable for home hearing screening. DIN and pure-tone audiometric (PTA) thresholds were obtained from a sample of 155 Arabic-speaking participants, varying widely in age and in degree and type of hearing loss. DIN thresholds were measured using both diotic and antiphasic stimuli, with the goal of determining whether antiphasic testing provides superior prediction of poorer-ear hearing loss. A comprehensive study protocol was publicly pre-registered via the Open Science Framework. Both types of DIN threshold correlate with poorer-ear PTA thresholds after controlling for age, but the correlation is significantly stronger for antiphasic than diotic stimuli. Antiphasic DIN thresholds increase more steeply than diotic DIN thresholds as poorer-ear PTA thresholds increase, and are superior binary classifiers of hearing loss. Combined with previous results based on DIN data measured in participants' homes, the present findings suggest that the browser-based Arabic DIN test may be effective in remote hearing screening, when combined with antiphasic digit presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251320439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1177/23312165251322064
Johanna Hengen, Inger Lundeborg Hammarström, Stefan Stenfelt
{"title":"Effect of Hearing Aids on Phonation and Perceived Voice Qualities.","authors":"Johanna Hengen, Inger Lundeborg Hammarström, Stefan Stenfelt","doi":"10.1177/23312165251322064","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251322064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Problems with own-voice sounds are common in hearing aid users. As auditory feedback is used to regulate the voice, it is possible that hearing aid use affects phonation. The aim of this paper is to compare hearing aid users' perception of their own voice with and without hearing aids and any effect on phonation. Eighty-five first-time and 85 experienced hearing aid users together with a control group of 70 completed evaluations of their own recorded and live voice in addition to two external voices. The participants' voice recordings were used for acoustic analysis. The results showed moderate to severe own-voice problems (OVP) in 17.6% of first-time users and 18.8% of experienced users. Hearing condition was a significant predictor of the perception of pitch in external voices and of monotony, lower naturalness, and lower pleasantness in their own live voice. The groups with hearing impairment had a higher mean fundamental frequency (f0) than the control group. Hearing aids decreased the speaking sound pressure level by 2 dB on average. Moreover, acoustic analysis shows a complex relationship between hearing impairment, hearing aids, and phonation and an immediate decrease in speech level when using hearing aids. Our findings support previous literature regarding auditory feedback and voice regulation. The results should motivate clinicians in hearing and voice care to routinely take hearing functions into account when assessing voice problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251322064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of Increased Risk of Injury in Adults With Hearing Loss: A Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Kuan-Yu Lai, Hung-Che Lin, Wan-Ting Shih, Wu-Chien Chien, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Mingchih Chen, Jeng-Wen Chen, Hung-Chun Chung","doi":"10.1177/23312165241309589","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165241309589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This nationwide retrospective cohort study examines the association between adults with hearing loss (HL) and subsequent injury risk. Utilizing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (2000-2017), the study included 19,480 patients with HL and 77,920 matched controls. Over an average follow-up of 9.08 years, 18.30% of the 97,400 subjects sustained subsequent all-cause injuries. The injury incidence was significantly higher in the HL group compared to the control group (24.04% vs. 16.86%, <i>p </i>< .001). After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for injury in the HL cohort was 2.35 (95% CI: 2.22-2.49). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant differences in injury-free survival between the HL and control groups (log-rank test, <i>p </i>< .001). The increased risk was consistent across age groups (18-64 and ≥65 years), with the HL group showing a higher risk of unintentional injuries (aHR: 2.62; 95% CI: 2.45-2.80), including falls (aHR: 2.83; 95% CI: 2.52-3.17) and traffic-related injuries (aHR: 2.38; 95% CI: 2.07-2.74). These findings highlight an independent association between HL and increased injury risk, underscoring the need for healthcare providers to counsel adult HL patients on preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165241309589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1177/23312165251342441
Benjamin Masters, Susan Aliakbaryhosseinabadi, Dorothea Wendt, Ewen N MacDonald
{"title":"Pupil Responses During Interactive Conversation.","authors":"Benjamin Masters, Susan Aliakbaryhosseinabadi, Dorothea Wendt, Ewen N MacDonald","doi":"10.1177/23312165251342441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23312165251342441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pupillometry has been used to assess effort in a variety of listening experiments. However, measuring listening effort during conversational interaction remains difficult as it requires a complex overlap of attention and effort directed to both listening and speech planning. This work introduces a method for measuring how the pupil responds consistently to turn-taking over the course of an entire conversation. Pupillary temporal response functions to the so-called conversational state changes are derived and analyzed for consistent differences that exist across people and acoustic environmental conditions. Additional considerations are made to account for changes in the pupil response that could be attributed to eye-gaze behavior. Our findings, based on data collected from 12 normal-hearing pairs of talkers, reveal that the pupil does respond in a time-synchronous manner to turn-taking. Preliminary interpretation suggests that these variations correspond to our expectations around effort direction in conversation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251342441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1177/23312165251362018
Giulia Angonese, Mareike Buhl, Jonathan A Gößwein, Birger Kollmeier, Andrea Hildebrandt
{"title":"Toward an Extended Classification of Noise-Distortion Preferences by Modeling Longitudinal Dynamics of Listening Choices.","authors":"Giulia Angonese, Mareike Buhl, Jonathan A Gößwein, Birger Kollmeier, Andrea Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1177/23312165251362018","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251362018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals have different preferences for setting hearing aid (HA) algorithms that reduce ambient noise but introduce signal distortions. \"Noise haters\" prefer greater noise reduction, even at the expense of signal quality. \"Distortion haters\" accept higher noise levels to avoid signal distortion. These preferences have so far been assumed to be stable over time, and individuals were classified on the basis of these stable, trait scores. However, the question remains as to how stable individual listening preferences are and whether day-to-day state-related variability needs to be considered as further criterion for classification. We designed a mobile task to measure noise-distortion preferences over 2 weeks in an ecological momentary assessment study with <i>N</i> = 185 (106 f, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 63.1, SD<sub>age</sub> = 6.5) individuals. Latent State-Trait Autoregressive (LST-AR) modeling was used to assess stability and dynamics of individual listening preferences for signals simulating the effects of noise reduction algorithms, presented in a web browser app. The analysis revealed a significant amount of state-related variance. The model has been extended to mixture LST-AR model for data-driven classification, taking into account state and trait components of listening preferences. In addition to successful identification of noise haters, distortion haters and a third intermediate class based on longitudinal, outside-of-the-lab data, we further differentiated individuals with different degrees of variability in listening preferences. Individualization of HA fitting could be improved by assessing individual preferences along the noise-distortion trade-off, and the day-to-day variability of these preferences needs to be taken into account for some individuals more than others.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251362018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends in HearingPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1177/23312165251371118
Penelope Coupal, Yue Zhang, Mickael Deroche
{"title":"Reduced Eye Blinking During Sentence Listening Reflects Increased Cognitive Load in Challenging Auditory Conditions.","authors":"Penelope Coupal, Yue Zhang, Mickael Deroche","doi":"10.1177/23312165251371118","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251371118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While blink analysis was traditionally conducted within vision research, recent studies suggest that blinks might reflect a more general cognitive strategy for resource allocation, including with auditory tasks, but its use within the fields of Audiology or Psychoacoustics remains scarce and its interpretation largely speculative. It is hypothesized that as listening conditions become more difficult, the number of blinks would decrease, especially during stimulus presentation, because it reflects a window of alertness. In experiment 1, 21 participants were presented with 80 sentences at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs): 0, + 7, + 14 dB and in quiet, in a sound-proof room with gaze and luminance controlled (75 lux). In experiment 2, 28 participants were presented with 120 sentences at only 0 and +14 dB SNR, but in three luminance conditions (dark at 0 lux, medium at 75 lux, bright at 220 lux). Each pupil trace was manually screened for the number of blinks, along with their respective onset and offset. Results showed that blink occurrence decreased during sentence presentation, with the reduction becoming more pronounced at more adverse SNRs. Experiment 2 replicated this finding, regardless of luminance level. It is concluded that blinks could serve as an additional physiological correlate to listening effort in simple speech recognition tasks, and that it may be a useful indicator of cognitive load regardless of the modality of the processed information.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"29 ","pages":"23312165251371118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}