Trends in Hearing最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Daily Life Auditory Demands on Listening Effort, Affect, and Fatigue as a Function of Hearing Loss.","authors":"Nicole A Huizinga, Laura Keur-Huizinga, Adriana A Zekveld, Sophia E Kramer, Eco J C de Geus","doi":"10.1177/23312165251413329","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165251413329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has highlighted challenges for individuals with hearing loss, including increased listening effort and fatigue. This study aimed to: (a) examine the relationship between auditory demand and listening effort, affect, and fatigue, focusing on the moderating role of hearing loss; and (b) assess whether listening effort and affect mediate the effect of auditory demand on fatigue. A total of 130 participants, with and without hearing loss, participated in EMA over 5.5 days, answering questions on listening effort, fatigue, and listening environment attributes. Auditory demand was defined by contextual and subjective components derived from EMA responses. LME models analyzed the effect of auditory demand on listening effort, affect, fatigue and the moderating role of hearing loss. Additional models tested mediation by listening effort and affect. Results: highlighted that both contextual and subjective auditory demand significantly increased listening effort with stronger effects in those with more hearing loss. No effects of contextual auditory demand on affective state were observed, nor was there a moderation effect of hearing loss. An effect of subjective auditory demand on affect was observed, but no moderation of hearing loss was present. Contextual and subjective auditory demand predicted fatigue (β = 0.07-0.14, <i>p < .</i>01-<i>p</i> < .001) with amplified effects present in those with more hearing loss (<i>p</i>_interaction < .01) for contextual demand. Mediation analyses highlighted that listening effort contributed to the demand-fatigue relationship, though patterns differed by demand type. The results indicate that increased listening effort, rather than negative affect, may underlie the association between auditory demand and fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165251413329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12966542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual Adaptation to Noise-Vocoded Voice Clones.","authors":"Han Wang, Carolyn McGettigan, Patti Adank","doi":"10.1177/23312165261471293","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261471293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voice cloning technology has developed rapidly, and current synthesis techniques can produce humanlike voices. Recent research has shown that cloned voices can now be more intelligible than their human originals in background noise, a signal-extrinsic degradation. Here, we aimed to establish whether this intelligibility benefit for voice clones degraded using noise-vocoding, a signal-intrinsic manipulation that severely degrades fine-grained spectrotemporal and harmonic information in the speech signal. We also investigated whether listeners can perceptually adapt to noise-vocoded voice clones. We compared the intelligibility of ten six-band noise-vocoded voice clones with their human originals. Listeners heard 80 sentences, in two counterbalanced blocks: a block of 40 sentences by voice clones and a block of 40 sentences by human, to compare perceptual adaptation to both speech types. Listeners showed 13.2% higher accuracy for voice clones. Overall, listeners adapted to the noise-vocoded speech and improved by around 16% over the course of 40 sentences in the first block only, regardless of whether voices were human or cloned. The intelligibility benefit for cloned voices thus persisted for noise-vocoded speech, and listeners adapted to noise-vocoded cloned voices as much as for noise-vocoded human voices. Our results have implications for applications of voice clones, in particular in future development of assistive listening technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261471293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Numerosity Judgement Is Driven by Non-Spatial Factors Across Azimuth, Elevation, and Distance.","authors":"Jakab Pilaszanovich, Max Schulz, Lukas Lange, Natalie Dörmann, Isabel Stephan, Carsten Olthoff, Marc Schönwiesner","doi":"10.1177/23312165261474325","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261474325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Everyday listening often requires the auditory system to move beyond the perception of individual sound sources towards a more global representation of acoustic scenes. While auditory behaviour has been well characterised for one or a few sources, it remains unclear how listeners perceive scenes containing many simultaneous sounds. As multiple sound sources combine into a single acoustic mixture, separating individual sources becomes increasingly difficult, potentially requiring listeners to rely on summary representations rather than discrete object-based parsing. <i>Auditory numerosity judgement</i>, the ability to estimate how many distinct sound sources are present, can provide a way to probe how listeners perceive such complex acoustic scenes. Here, we measured numerosity judgements along the three dimensions of auditory space: azimuth, elevation, and distance, allowing each spatial axis to be examined in isolation. As these dimensions rely on markedly different spatial cues and differ strongly in spatial acuity, this design enabled the dissociation of spatial and non-spatial contributions to numerosity perception. Across dimensions, numerosity judgements showed no systematic relationship with individual spatial hearing performance. Speech intelligibility likewise exerted only a weak influence. In contrast, perceived numerosity was significantly modulated by the spectrotemporal coverage of the acoustic mixture, a summary statistic independent of spatial dimension or higher-lever linguistic factors. Together, these findings suggest that auditory numerosity judgement is largely insensitive to spatial hearing precision and instead reflects more general principles of how complex sound mixtures are represented at the scene level.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261474325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13424768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Head Movement Behavior and Simulated Spatial Filtering: Comparing Free Conversation and Speech Tests in Virtual Reality.","authors":"Giso Grimm, Angelika Kothe, Volker Hohmann","doi":"10.1177/23312165261465698","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261465698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benefit provided by hearing devices often differs between laboratory evaluations and real-world conditions, due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in adaptive speech tests and differences in head movement behavior between laboratory evaluations and real conversations. This study aimed to investigate whether SNR improvement provided by a spatial filter can be measured during free conversation in virtual reality (VR) and to compare this SNR improvement with the benefit measured using a speech test with two spatially separated talkers in the same VR. Two experimental conditions were tested in 11 normal-hearing participants. Condition 1 involved free conversations between a participant and two confederates represented by avatars, and Condition 2 utilized an adaptive speech test with two speakers, presented by the same avatars. Acoustic simulations were used to render speech signals, background noise and room acoustics. A spatial filter with two levels of selectivity was simulated in VR using the participant's actual dynamic head orientation. Acoustic measures of the benefit of the spatial filter were derived from these simulated signals. The benefit was higher when measured in free conversations than in the speech test. Additionally, participants were found to move their heads closer to active speakers during free conversation than during the speech test. Furthermore, SNR in free conversations was closer to SNRs typical of conversational environments. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of hearing devices can be evaluated through conversations in VR at more realistic SNRs. Consequently, this approach may improve the ecological validity of hearing aid research outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261465698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13351222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of Enhanced Phase-Locking for Binaural Coding of Amplitude-Modulated Sounds.","authors":"Go Ashida","doi":"10.1177/23312165261421708","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261421708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The neural processing of interaural time and level differences (ITDs/ILDs) underlies binaural sound localization. Neurons of the mammalian lateral superior olive (LSO) are sensitive to ILDs and envelope-ITDs of acoustic stimuli. Bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus convey relevant information from auditory nerve (AN) fibers to the LSO. More specifically, spherical bushy cells (SBCs) send ipsilateral excitatory inputs, while globular bushy cells (GBCs) project to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body that provides inhibitory inputs to the LSO. Previous studies in vivo reported an enhancement of phase-locking in bushy cells compared to AN. This enhancement has been hypothesized to benefit temporal coding in binaural neurons, but its actual contribution in LSO remains unclear. Here we investigate this question by computational modeling of binaural circuity incorporating the AN, SBC/GBC, and LSO stages. Both bushy cell models were calibrated to replicate known physiological responses, including the representative peristimulus time histograms for high-frequency tones and enhanced phase-locking to low-frequency envelopes. We then simulated the binaural tuning of LSO with and without the bushy cell stage. The synaptic inputs to the LSO model were adjusted so that the simulated ILD-tuning remains unaltered between the input configurations. By adding the bushy cell stage, the simulated binaural response of LSO became more sharply tuned for envelope-ITDs. Furthermore, the envelope-ITD sensitivity was extended up to around 600 Hz, matching previously observed physiological limits. These results provide computational evidence for the functional benefit of having bushy cells in the binaural sound localization circuit.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261421708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12901860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Cochlear Implant Use for Spatial Hearing in Children and Adolescents With Asymmetric Hearing Including Single Sided Deafness.","authors":"Robel Z Alemu, Alan Blakeman, Jaina Negandhi, Hanne Bartels, Blake C Papsin, Sharon L Cushing, Karen A Gordon","doi":"10.1177/23312165261469075","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261469075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine hearing benefits and challenges for children using cochlear implants (CIs) in one ear and acoustic hearing in the other (bimodal hearing) through hearing aids (HA-CI) or normal hearing (single-sided deafness/SSD-CI). Participants were 34 children with CIs [M_Age (SD)=12.2 (3.2) years] and 6 peers with typical hearing/controls [M_Age (SD)=13.8 (1.7) years]. Side of better hearing (aural preference) was measured by word recognition in quiet and noise, and spondee-word recognition thresholds in noise co-located/0° or separated (left/right 90°). Self-reported hearing was measured using the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). Localization of stationary and moving sound (and unrestricted head movements) and sensitivity to interaural level and timing cues were measured (separate controls [n=5, M_Age (SD)=14.0 (1.6) years]). Speech perception using the CI alone was similar in children with SSD-CI and HA-CI (p=0.84) but SSD-CI users had greater aural preference in their acoustic ear (p<0.01). CI users had high errors localizing stationary sound and poor moving sound detection (p<0.001) which was associated with earlier onset of hearing loss, and poor access to interaural cues (p<0.001) compared to controls. Head movements in children with CIs tended to favour their non-implanted ear (p<0.05). Results indicate that children with asymmetric hearing gain speech perception with their CI but have aural preference for the non-implanted ear, particularly in the presence of good residual hearing and later onset of hearing loss. Bimodal listeners had poor access to binaural cues, poor spatial hearing with slightly better results in children with later onset of hearing loss and ineffective gaze movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261469075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13376479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Response to Pleasant Sounds Plays a Role in the Effectiveness of the Positive Focus Intervention.","authors":"Dina Lelic, Frederic Marmel, Mads Errboe Sørensen, Erin M Picou","doi":"10.1177/23312165261437852","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261437852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with hearing loss, even when using hearing aids, often perceive pleasant environmental sounds as less pleasant than do those with normal hearing. This bias in emotional response may negatively impact well-being, leading to decreased social participation and increased loneliness. The present study examined whether the Positive Focus intervention-encouraging hearing aid users to focus on positive listening experiences-could influence emotional response to environmental sounds. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either a Positive Focus or a Control group. At the initial laboratory visit, all participants were fitted with study hearing aids and performed affective ratings of 120 environmental sounds. Over 3 weeks, both groups wore the hearing aids; the Positive Focus group additionally reported daily positive listening experiences via a text message. At the end of the three-week period, participants completed questionnaires on hearing aid outcomes and repeated the affective ratings. The Positive Focus intervention did not alter emotional responses to environmental sounds in a laboratory setting. However, regression analyses revealed that valence ratings of typically pleasant sounds moderated the effectiveness of Positive Focus on hearing aid benefit; the intervention was more effective for individuals less naturally inclined to respond positively to such sounds. These findings suggest that valence screening may help identify individuals most likely to benefit from Positive Focus, supporting more personalized hearing care strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261437852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13080153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Interventions for First-Time Hearing Aid Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Effectiveness.","authors":"Megan Kruger, Preeti Pandey, Vinaya Manchaiah, De Wet Swanepoel","doi":"10.1177/23312165261461350","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261461350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital interventions are increasingly used to support hearing aid users; however, evidence for first-time hearing aid users remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and effectiveness of digital interventions to improve outcomes for first-time hearing aid users. The protocol was pre-registered (PROSPERO; CRD420251125785) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched (January 2026). Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and quasi-experimental studies evaluating internet-, app-, or web-based interventions. Outcomes were grouped into six domains: hearing aid use, benefit and satisfaction, hearing and communication, knowledge, skills and self-management, speech-in-noise performance, and psychosocial and emotional adjustment. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I, and certainty of evidence using GRADE. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted where ≥3 randomized trials reported comparable outcomes. Eleven publications (nine trials) were included. Most interventions focused on education, self-management, and counseling, with few targeting perceptual training. The most consistent improvements were observed in knowledge, skills and self-management (moderate-certainty). Evidence for hearing aid use, benefit and satisfaction, hearing and communication, and psychosocial and emotional adjustment was limited and inconsistent (low-certainty), while speech-in-noise evidence was of very low certainty. Meta-analyses of hearing aid use and IOI-HA outcomes showed no significant pooled effects. Digital interventions show the most consistent evidence for improving knowledge, skills, and self-management. Evidence for other outcomes remains limited and inconsistent. Clinicians may consider digital educational programs complementing standard care. Future research should prioritize larger, pre-registered trials with broader interventions and standardized outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261461350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13351232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listening Effort in Complex Audiovisual Scenes Under Varying Simulated Room Acoustic Conditions.","authors":"Cosima A Ermert, Karin Loh, Karl Baylan, Konstantin W Kühlem, Andrea Bönsch, Torsten W Kuhlen, Janina Fels","doi":"10.1177/23312165261468224","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261468224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reverberation can degrade speech intelligibility and comprehension, increase cognitive load, and impair memory. Many studies examining reverberation effects use audio-only conditions and stationary background noise. Thus, it remains unclear to what extent findings generalise beyond laboratory setups. In the present study, we examine the influence of reverberation on memory and behavioural listening effort in a complex, audiovisual virtual reality (VR) environment. We implemented a virtual reality (VR) open-plan office with realistic room acoustics and time-varying background noise, including animated virtual agents. Three simulated room-acoustic conditions were compared: a free-field (<i>T</i>₃₀ = 0 s), an acoustically optimised office (<i>T</i>₃₀ = 0.5 s), and an untreated office (<i>T</i>₃₀ = 1.0 s). Under these conditions, <i>N</i> = 30 participants performed a dual-task. The primary Heard-Text Recall (HTR) task measured speech comprehension and memory. Participants listened to short stories narrated by two speakers and answered content-related questions. The vibrotactile secondary task measured listening effort. In single-tasking, memory for spoken content was significantly better in free-field than in both offices, with no significant difference between offices. In dual-tasking, vibrotactile response times indicated that listening effort increased in the presence of reverberation. Across single- and dual-task conditions, vibrotactile error rates decreased in the presence of reverberation, possibly due to elevated concentration in more difficult conditions. These findings suggest that room acoustics, compared to free-field environments, influence memory and listening effort in complex audiovisual VR and highlight the importance of incorporating reverberations when designing audiovisual environments for listening research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261468224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13498784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148799836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission of Binaural Cues by Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A Comparison of Spectral Peak-Picking and Interleaved Stimulation Strategies.","authors":"Paul G Mayo, Andrew D Brown, Matthew G Goupell","doi":"10.1177/23312165261466807","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23312165261466807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cochlear implants (CIs) effectively restore speech understanding in quiet for many recipients. However, bilateral CI listeners continue to perform poorer than acoustic-hearing listeners on spatial-hearing tasks such as sound localization. One explanation is that stimulation strategies and the lack of coordination across sound processors degrade the fidelity of binaural cues. To provide further insight on this issue, this study compared the binaural cues transmitted by two CI stimulation strategies: a spectral peak-picking stimulation strategy and a constantly stimulating strategy. Two clinical CI sound processors were placed on a binaural manikin centered in a horizontal ring of loudspeakers in an anechoic chamber. Speech and non-speech stimuli were presented from the loudspeakers and the resulting electrical pulse trains were recorded. Envelope interaural time differences and interaural level differences were extracted from the recordings. Binaural cues were compared between the two stimulation strategies and against acoustic cues measured using behind-the-ear microphones. Results showed that, compared to the constantly stimulating strategy, the spectral peak-picking strategy led to more variable and less monotonic binaural cues, which could constrain sound-localization abilities. These findings highlight the need for bilateral coordination of CIs in multiple domains, including electrode selection in peak-picking stimulation strategies and pulse timing. (198/250).</p>","PeriodicalId":48678,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Hearing","volume":"30 ","pages":"23312165261466807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13389220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}