Arab Journal of Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Calcium, and Moringa oleifera leaves extract co-administration can prevent chemical-induced carcinogenesis","authors":"Mrudula Kumawat,&nbsp;Hemant Une","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colon cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The present study evaluated the chemopreventive effect of the combined treatment of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>, calcium citrate, and <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves extract against DMH (1,1-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride) induced colon cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into 10 different groups and treated with DMH 30 mg/kg s.c. for 8 weeks, Successful induction of colon cancer was confirmed with the help of symptoms, Individual and combined treatments of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em> (10⁹ cfu p.o.), calcium citrate (2 mg/kg p.o.) and <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (100 &amp; 200 mg/kg p.o.) leaves extracts were used for 4 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>After 4 weeks of treatment, it was observed that a significant reduction in aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) count, whereas liver and kidney function, AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine transaminase), urea and creatinine biomarkers were retained in its normal range. Upon DMH treatment, liver tissue loses histoarchitecture with mononuclear cell infiltration, nuclear enlargement, and hyperchromasia, this reverts due to the combined treatment of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA)</em>, calcium citrate (CC) and hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves (ME). From the results, it was revealed that individual and combined treatment of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>, calcium citrate, and hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves shows beneficial effects against the carcinogen.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combined treatment of <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em>, calcium citrate, and hydroalcoholic extract of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves showed positive effects against carcinogenesis and lowered aberrant crypt foci count and shows histoarchitectural improvements in liver histology with no nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia in liver tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 421-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142511000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic characterization of gastrointestinal manifestations in children with undifferentiated recurrent fever","authors":"Nilüfer Ülkü Şahin ,&nbsp;Nihal Şahin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by recurrent or chronic inflammation, and monogenic forms are increasingly defined. However, a group of patients without genetic diagnosis is called the syndrome of undifferentiated recurrent fever (SURF). This study analyzed the clinical and endoscopic features of patients with SURF presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Between 2019 and 2022, GI endoscopy were performed in patients with SURF who presented with GI symptoms. Clinical, genetic, laboratory, and endoscopy findings were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen patients were included in the study, eight (53.3 %) were girls. The mean age was 10.5 ± 5.80 years, and the median age at symptom onset was 4 (0.3–16) years. All patients experienced fever and abdominal pain. Thirteen patients (86.7 %) experienced diarrhea, 11 (73.3 %) reported myalgia, and 10 (66.7 %) had joint involvement. Lymphoid follicles in the terminal ileum mucosa were detected in 10 patients (66.7 %), and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum was the histopathological finding in 12 patients (80 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current study found that patients with SURF experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms have excessive lymph node formation in the terminal ileal mucosa due to an exaggerated inflammatory response. This may be the cause of their GI symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 405-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal expression of autophagy proteins in the duodenum of patients with functional dyspepsia: A preliminary study","authors":"Lijun Du ,&nbsp;Mengsha Cen ,&nbsp;Fangli Cheng ,&nbsp;Ning Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disease with an unclear pathology. Autophagy is associated with inflammation and has been proposed to play a role in the development of FD. This study aimed to evaluate expression of the autophagy proteins beclin1 and p62/SQSTM1 in patients with FD.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Duodenal mucosal tissues were collected from 10 patients with FD and 10 asymptomatic controls. The extent of autophagy was determined by examining expression levels of beclin1 and p62/SQSTM1 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Lower expression levels of beclin1 protein were detected in the duodenal bulb (D1) and the second portion of the duodenum (D2) in patients with FD compared with asymptomatic controls. Higher levels of p62 protein were expressed in D1 in patients with FD than in controls. No differences in mRNA expression of beclin1 and p62 were observed between patients with FD and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Abnormal autophagy was involved in FD, which may be associated with the pathogenesis of FD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 410-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence on norfloxacin secondary prophylaxis","authors":"Athish Shetty,&nbsp;Rishi Raman,&nbsp;Vikas Pemmada,&nbsp;Balaji Musunuri,&nbsp;Shiran Shetty,&nbsp;C. Ganesh Pai,&nbsp;Ganesh Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Secondary prophylaxis with norfloxacin reduces recurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) significantly. No data available from Asia-Pacific region about recurrence of SBP in these patients.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>In a retrospective cohort study, we assessed recurrence rate of SBP in patients on norfloxacin secondary prophylaxis. One year recurrence of SBP, its profile, response rate and risk factors for recurrence were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 112 patients were analysed. During first episode of SBP, culture positive rate was 39/112(34.8 %) and resistance to ceftriaxone was 51.2 %. Overall efficacy of ceftriaxone as first line antibiotic was 70.5 % (70/112), but only 49 % (19/39) among culture positive patients. E. coli is the commonest organism isolated (21/39, 53.8 %), MDR organism in 12.8 % (5/39). Cumulative incidence of SPB recurrence was 22.3 % (25/112) on norfloxacin secondary prophylaxis at 1 year. Culture positive rate in recurrent SBP was 48 % (12/25) and ceftriaxone resistance and MDR organism were seen in 66.6 % and 16.6 %. Overall response rate to ceftriaxone in recurrent SBP was 40 % (10/25) and 21 % (3/14) in culture positive patients. Risk factors for SBP recurrence were age, INR and albumin (p &lt; 0.05). No increase cumulative incidence of death among patients with or without recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite recent changes in bacteriological profile in SBP, recurrence of SBP on norfloxacin prophylaxis remains low. In recurrent SBP, response to ceftriaxone is significantly lower than first episode and there is trend towards increase in MDR organism in culture positive patient receiving norfloxacin<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 345-348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and anatomopathological profile of colorectal cancer in Northern Morocco between 2017 and 2019","authors":"Mouade El Bali ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mesmoudi ,&nbsp;Amale Essayah ,&nbsp;Kenza Arbai ,&nbsp;Naima Ghailani Nourouti ,&nbsp;Amina Barakat ,&nbsp;Nabila Sellal ,&nbsp;Mohcine Bennani Mechita","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. CRC represents a major public health problem in many countries, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. In Morocco, CRC is the third most common cancer. However, epidemiological data on CRC in Morocco, especially in the north, are very limited. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC in northern Morocco.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study was conducted at the Ahmed Ben Zayed Al Nahyan Regional Oncology Center of Tangier between April 2017 and December 2019. Data were collected from the medical records of confirmed CRC patients and analyzed using SPSS computer software version 23.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CRC was detected in 142 patients, accounting for 13.0 % of all cancers identified during the study period in the center. The sex ratio (male/female) of all patients was 1.1. The mean age was 58 years, and the most affected group was 60–69 years old (29.0 %). The rectum was the most common anatomical site (44.0 %) compared to the left and right colon. Histologically, adenocarcinomas were the most common type (91.3 %), half of the tumors were moderately differentiated, and only 4.9 % of the patients presented with poorly differentiated tumors. At diagnosis, 83.0 % of patients were already in advanced stages (stage III, or IV), including 40.3 % presenting with metastatic disease. The liver (64.8 %) was the most affected site by metastasis in our series. Relapse was observed in 11.9 % of patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results showed a younger age at diagnosis and a higher incidence of cancer at the rectal site compared to the Western literature, as well as a high frequency of patients who presented with late-stage disease and other characteristics. However, larger multicenter studies are still needed to confirm our results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 338-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The silent epidemic: Inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors among hospitalized patients","authors":"Mohamed Ramadan Mohamed ,&nbsp;Mira Itani ,&nbsp;Mostafa Abohelwa ,&nbsp;Mohamed Attia Ahmed ,&nbsp;Lina Abdouni ,&nbsp;George Doumat ,&nbsp;Majduldeen Azzo ,&nbsp;Fatema Dabdoub ,&nbsp;Hanana Al-Tfaili ,&nbsp;Moustafa Elziny ,&nbsp;Georges Assaf","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>There is an increasing trend to inappropriately prescribe proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in different clinical settings despite the reported adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of potentially inappropriate use of PPIs and its associated risk factors among hospitalized patients, at pre-admission and discharge and (2) the prevalence of valid indications of PPIs use without prescription.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>A retrospective observational study was performed at a single center, examining the records of patients aged ≥18 years who were admitted to the Family Medicine inpatient service over a one-year period. The appropriateness of PPIs use was assessed against a set of pre-approved indications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 289 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 34.67 % were taking PPIs upon admission, increasing to 43.67 % at discharge (p &lt; 0.001). Inappropriate PPI use was identified in 51.92 % at pre-admission and 57.25 % at discharge. Multivariate analysis identified significant factors contributing to inappropriate PPI use: polypharmacy at both admission and discharge (OR = 4.587, p = 0.031), and the presence of two or more comorbidities at discharge (OR = 5.421, p = 0.011; OR = 13.005, p = 0.037). Age ≤65 was associated with increased inappropriate use only at discharge (p &lt; 0.003). Conversely, appropriate prescribing was noted in patients over 65 and those on antiplatelet therapy, aligning with clinical guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study reveals a high prevalence of inappropriate PPI use among hospitalized patients, notably increasing from admission to discharge. Key contributors to inappropriate PPI usage included polypharmacy and high comorbidity scores at discharge, particularly in patients under 65. This emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to optimize PPI prescribing practices in clinical settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 414-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the anticancer effects of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer and reduces drug resistance and the Hedgehog pathway activation","authors":"Xiaoqian Bu ,&nbsp;Huizhi Feng ,&nbsp;Zhengzheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>This study aimed to ascertain the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on 5-FU-resistant cells HCT116/5-FU and its molecular mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The HCT116 cell line resistant to 5-FU (HCT116/5-FU) was established by repeated exposure to gradually increasing 5-FU concentrations. The effects of different concentrations of Rg3 and 5-FU on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation were evaluated, and suitable concentrations were screened for subsequent experiments. The treatment efficacy of Rg3 and 5-FU alone and in combination with CRC cell activity was observed, and the inhibitory effect of Rg3 and 5-FU on the Hedgehog pathway was verified. Finally, the effects of Rg3 and 5-Fu on <em>in vivo</em> tumor formation were evaluated <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Rg3 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU in HCT116 cells by inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell activities and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), showing strong anti-tumor effects. Rg3 enhances the chemosensitivity of drug-resistant HCT116/5-FU cells to 5-FU. Additionally, the expression of Hedgehog pathway-relevant proteins (PTCH1, PTCH2, GLI1, and SHH) was increased in drug-resistant HCT116/5-FU cells, and Rg3 and 5-FU co-treatment downregulated the expression of PTCH1, PTCH2, GLI1, and SHH proteins in HCT116/5-FU cells. Rg3 reversed 5-FU resistance via by modulating the Hedgehog pathway. Rg3, in combination with 5-FU, repressed human CRC xenograft growth in nude mice, suppressed the expression of the proliferative nuclear factor KI67 in tumors, and promoted apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rg3 enhances the anticancer effects of 5-FU in CRC cells that are sensitive and resistant to 5-FU, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of Hedgehog pathway activation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 437-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Mitigating tuberculosis reactivation risk in IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy”","authors":"Peeyush Kumar,&nbsp;Saurabh Kedia,&nbsp;Vineet Ahuja","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 455-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Washed microbiota transplantation combined with biological agents promotes histological remission in refractory severe ulcerative colitis with recurrent intestinal infection: A case report","authors":"Qiong Wu ,&nbsp;Liu-Si Yang ,&nbsp;Hong-Li Huang ,&nbsp;Ying-Fei Li,&nbsp;Yong-Jian Zhou,&nbsp;Hao-Ming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific colitis disease. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), including improved washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), and biological agents have helped improve the prognosis of patients with UC. However, a significant number of patients with moderate to severe UC do not get relief from glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and TNF-α antagonists. Patients with severe UC are frequently burdened with opportunistic infections and subsequent surgical interventions. Combined treatment modalities are crucial for patients with severe UC and opportunistic infections. Herein, we reported a case of a 25-year-old female with refractory severe UC complicated with recurrent <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection and recurrent cytomegalovirus infection for six years. Surgical removal of the affected bowel segment was almost unavoidable. She showed endoscopic and histological recovery after comprehensive WMT and Vedolizumab treatment. The following are our learnings from the case: 1. A combination of WMT and biological agents can potentially obviate the necessity for surgical treatment in patients with refractory severe UC and promote histological remission. 2. Personalized comprehensive treatment and chronic disease management models for patients with UC should be emphasized. 3. WMT can help treat opportunistic infections, which may also strengthen the treatment with gut-targeted biological agents when traditional TNF-α antagonists show poor efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 448-454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal transplantation: Significance of immune responses","authors":"Sara Assadiasl ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Nicknam","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intestinal allografts, with many resident immune cells and as a destination for circulating lymphocytes of the recipient, appear to be the most challenging solid organ transplants. The high incidence of acute rejection and frequent reports of fatal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after intestinal transplantation call for more research to describe the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis of post-transplant complications to define new therapeutic targets. In addition, according to the rapid development of immunosuppressive agents, it is time to consider novel therapeutic approaches in managing treatment-refractory patients with rejection or severe GvHD. Herein, the main immunological challenges before and after intestinal transplant including, brain-dead donor inflammation, acute rejection, antibody-mediated, and chronic rejections, as well as GvHD have been described. Besides, the new immune-based therapies used in experimental and clinical settings to improve tolerance toward intestinal allograft, and cases of operational tolerance have been reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 330-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}