Arab Journal of Gastroenterology最新文献

{"title":"Brucellosis in a patient with Crohn's disease treated with infliximab: A case report","authors":"Mansour Altuwaijri ,&nbsp;Nasser Alkhraiji ,&nbsp;Mosaab Almasry ,&nbsp;Saad Alkhowaiter ,&nbsp;Nuha Al Amaar ,&nbsp;Ammar Alotaibi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and presents with myriad symptoms. Various treatments, including biological treatments, are available. The use of biologics increases the risk of opportunistic infections, with no association with serious infections (1). To the best of our knowledge, there are no established recommendations or case studies for patients with CD infected with Brucella being actively treated with biologics and immunomodulators to date. Herein, we report the first case of brucellosis diagnosed in a patient with CD treated with biologics and immunomodulators.</div><div>A 40-year-old man had been treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs, namely, infliximab and azathioprine, for CD for the past eight years. During a follow-up visit, the patient complained of loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, and joint discomfort. The patient reported a history of raw milk consumption. Blood cultures indicated the growth of Brucella species. Infliximab and azathioprine were held, and brucellosis treatment was initiated, including rifampin 600 mg once daily, doxycycline 100 mg twice daily, and streptomycin 1 g intramuscularly daily. A multidisciplinary team comprising gastroenterologists and infectious disease specialists decided to initiate brucellosis treatment and resume biologics and immunomodulators 4 weeks after starting Brucella treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 38-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education level and biologic therapy are the related factors of mucosal healing in Patients with Crohn’s disease","authors":"Limin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shanbing Yang ,&nbsp;Kangmei Jia ,&nbsp;Shuwen Du ,&nbsp;Yan Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Lu ,&nbsp;Jiheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Mucosal healing (MH) is a crucial indicator of therapeutic effectiveness and prognosis in Crohn’s disease (CD). Rapid achievement and long-term maintenance of MH can alleviate the financial and psychological burden on patients. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with MH in CD patients and enhance clinicians’ understanding.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>Patients diagnosed with CD between January 2010 and December 2019 at our hospital were included and divided into two groups based on the attainment of MH during the follow-up period. Demographic data, symptoms, disease classification, laboratory examination results, and treatments were collected and compared between the two groups. Factors with a <em>P</em>-value &lt;0.2 were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the related factors of MH.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Multivariate logistic regression analysis of CD patients revealed that educational level [odds ratio (OR) = 8.167, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.440–46.303, <em>P</em> = 0.018] and biological therapy (OR = 15.291, 95 % CI 1.404–166.543, <em>P</em> = 0.025) were associated with MH.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Educational level and biological therapy are factors related to MH in CD patients. These findings suggest that the use of biological therapy and patients’ better understanding of the disease contribute to achieving MH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells targeting AFP-GPC3 mediate increased antitumor efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Mingxing Li ,&nbsp;Tailin Chen ,&nbsp;Rongshi Huang,&nbsp;Yanhui Cen,&nbsp;Feilan Zhao,&nbsp;Rong Fan,&nbsp;Guozhen He","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>As a novel immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell technology is successful in treating hematologic malignancies, and exhibits potential benefits in partial solid tumors. Therapies targeting one antigen have some weaknesses, and dual-targeted CAR-T cells may be a better option. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and glypican-3 (GPC3) are both highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and serve as important markers. Our study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity effect of AFP and GPC3 dual-targeted CAR-T cells on HCC cells <em>in vitro</em> and its therapeutic effects on a SCID xenograft model with those of single-targeted CAR-T cells.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>pLVX lentivirus vectors loaded with AFP CAR, GPC3 CAR, or AFP-GPC3 CAR constructs were transfected into human T lymphocytes. Control T, AFP CAR-T, GPC3 CAR-T, and AFP-GPC3 CAR-T cells were used as effector cells, and HLE (AFP^-GPC3^-), Sh-GPC3-Huh-7 (AFP⁺), Sh-AFP-Huh-7 (GPC3⁺), and Huh-7 (AFP⁺GPC3⁺) cells were used as target cells. After their co-culture for 6 h, the LDH cytotoxicity assay was employed to estimate the cell-killing effects of CAR-T cells on the target HCC cells. SCID mice bearing Huh-7 cell-derived neoplasms were injected with CAR-T cells, after which the pathological changes, CD3ζ expression, and IL-2 and IFN-γ levels in mouse tumor tissues were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AFP and GPC3 were highly expressed in Huh-7 cells. AFP-GPC3 CAR-T cells exerted significant cell-killing effects on the HCC cells that expressed specific targeting antigen molecules (AFP and GPC3). Besides, AFP-GPC3 CAR-T cells better promoted Th cytokine secretion by Huh-7 cells than AFP CAR-T and GPC3 CAR-T cells. <em>In vivo</em> results suggested that AFP-GPC3 CAR-T cells better inhibited the growth of Huh-7 cell (AFP⁺GPC3⁺)-derived neoplasms than AFP CAR-T and GPC3 CAR-T cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AFP and GPC3 dual-targeted CAR-T cells showed better anti-tumor effects in HCC than AFP or GPC3 single-targeted CAR-T cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 84-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of patients with non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma treated with trans-arterial chemoembolization: A multicenter cohort study","authors":"Hend Ibrahim Shousha ,&nbsp;Eman M.F. Barakat ,&nbsp;Eman Rewisha ,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Kassas ,&nbsp;Ehab Fawzy Moustafa ,&nbsp;Mohamed Said ,&nbsp;Ashraf Omar Abdelaziz ,&nbsp;Safaa Ragab Askar ,&nbsp;Eman Elkhateeb ,&nbsp;Ahmed Tawheed ,&nbsp;Mohamed Omar Abdelmalek ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ramadan ,&nbsp;Ahmed Hosni Abdelmaksoud ,&nbsp;Mostafa Abd Alfattah Shamkh ,&nbsp;Hamdy Sayed ,&nbsp;Ahmed Radwan Riad ,&nbsp;Anwar nassief ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mahmoud Nabeel ,&nbsp;Yasser Arafat Abdelrazek ,&nbsp;Nermeen Abdeen ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kohla","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Few studies have considered patients treated with <em>trans</em>-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for non-viral-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with some reporting that those patients may have larger tumors, emphasizing the need for determination of the factors affecting survival in such patients. This work aims to study the characteristics and survival of patients with non-viral related HCC treated with TACE.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><div>This is a multicenter observational study. Patients (166) with non-viral related HCC treated with TACE were recruited from six tertiary care centers (January 2008- June 2022). Follow-up continued until death or the end of the study (August 2023).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The patients had a mean age of 60.2 ± 9.5 years, a male predominance of 79.5 %. The mean size of the lesions was 5.71 ± 3.02 cm, and 42.8 % of the patients had a single lesion. After a median follow-up period of 27.02 months (IQR 14.99–39.37), the median overall survival (OS) was 42.14 months. The Cox regression hazard model revealed that the independent factors affecting survival were: multiple focal lesions, exceeding five in number, have a substantially higher hazard of death (HR = 8.5, p-value = 0.001) compared to those with a single focal lesion. HAP score grade D exhibited a threefold increase in the hazard of death (HR = 3.8, p-value 0.007). Individuals who did not respond positively to treatment faced a significantly higher risk of death (HR = 10.76, p-value 0.001). Albumin-bilirubin score (ALBI), Easy ALBI, platelet albumin (PAL), platelet albumin bilirubin score (PALBI), The hepatoma arterial-embolisation (HAP) and Tumor burden score were found not to impact the survival of our patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Tumor burden is an important determinant of survival after TACE in patients with non-viral HCC. HAP score can be implemented in selecting patients who would benefit from TACE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142966793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effect of gluten-free diet on disease severity, quality of life, and inflammatory markers among patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial","authors":"Foroogh Alborzi Avanaki ,&nbsp;Naser Ebrahimi Daryani ,&nbsp;Najmeh Aletaha ,&nbsp;Nazanin Hesabgar ,&nbsp;Mohammad Saeid Rezaee-Zavareh ,&nbsp;Reza Hadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Diet is an important underlying factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on disease severity, quality of life, and inflammatory markers in patients with UC.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>In this triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, we evaluated the effect of a GFD on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin, disease severity, and quality of life in patients with mild to moderate UC. Patients’ quality of life and severity of symptoms were evaluated using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), respectively. Patients received this regimen for six weeks and were evaluated before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of patients (n = 26) was 39.31 years (standard deviation = 9.34). In both study groups, the mean ESR, CRP, IBDQ, and SCCAI showed no statistically significant improvement with the dietary intervention. Fecal calprotectin was increased in both groups without statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We could not find any significant effect of GFD on inflammatory markers, quality of life, and disease severity among patients with mild to moderate UC. It is too early to suggest the gluten-free diet as a safe and beneficial regimen for UC patients. There is a need for further investigations with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups as clinical trials and cohort studies to obtain more reliable results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 18-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NNMT suppresses H3K9me3 to facilitate malignant progression and drug resistance in gastric cancer","authors":"Bo Wang,&nbsp;Tao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is aberrantly expressed in tumors and is implicated in the progression and chemoresistance of cancers. This project attempts to explore the specific molecular mechanism by which NNMT enhances 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in gastric cancer (GC).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>By bioinformatics analysis, the expression of NNMT in GC was analyzed and its relationship with patients’ prognoses was examined. The signaling pathway enriched by NNMT was analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Western blot (WB) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were employed to measure the mRNA and protein expression of NNMT in normal gastric epithelial cells and GC cells. CCK8 was employed to measure cell viability and the IC₅₀ of 5-FU. The apoptosis rate was assessed by Flow cytometry. WB measured the protein expression of Ki67, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, NNMT, and H3K9me3. We applied the Transwell assay to measure cell migration and invasion ability. The content of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) in cells was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>NNMT was greatly upregulated in GC tissues and cells, exhibiting a negative linkage with patients’ prognoses. Knocking down NNMT remarkably repressed the vitality, proliferation, anti-apoptotic ability, migration, and invasion of GC cells but elevated the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-FU. However, overexpression of NNMT inhibited H3K9 methylation by reducing the universal methyl donor SAM, activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, facilitated GC malignant progression, and triggered resistance to 5-FU.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Upregulation of NNMT expression in GC cells can induce 5-FU resistance by repressing the activation of PI3K/AKT through the inhibition of histone methylation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 104-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholecystocutaneous fistula: A rare case in an elderly female with a massive abdominal mass","authors":"Kai-Chiao Chuang ,&nbsp;Jui-Yuan Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A glimpse into Helicobacter pylori involvement in hepatic encephalopathy","authors":"Jannis Kountouras","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 141-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Evaluation of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease: A Randomized, single blind, controlled trial”","authors":"Aaqib Ashraf ,&nbsp;Shameem Ahmad Rather ,&nbsp;Mahvish Mehraj","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and study aims</h3><div>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder, affecting 23% to 32% of the global population. This clinical study aimed to assess the efficacy of <em>Curcuma zedoaria</em> Rosc. compared to vitamin E in managing NAFLD.</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>In this randomized, single-blind, standard-controlled study, 68 patients with grade 1 (mild) and grade 2 (moderate) NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either <em>Curcuma zedoaria</em> Rosc. powder in capsule form (500 mg orally, twice a day) in the test group or vitamin E (400 mg orally, twice a day) in the control group for 60 days. Secondary endpoints included improvements in fatty liver grades, ultra-sonographic liver span, lipid profile, and liver function parameters after 60 days. Primary endpoints included improvements in dull ache intensity in the right hypochondrium (RHC), dyspepsia, anorexia, and severity of malaise assessed at days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 61.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Per protocol analysis was performed on 50 patients who completed the study. Both test and control groups showed significant improvement in dull ache severity in the RHC (p &lt; 0.0001). The test group exhibited more favorable outcomes post-treatment (Chi-sq = 23.17, df = 2, p &lt; 0.0001). Dyspepsia severity significantly improved in both groups post-treatment (p = 0.005 and p = 0.010, respectively), with the test group showing slightly better outcomes. Anorexia significantly improved in the test group (p = 0.016) from 72.00 % reporting absence post-treatment to 100.00 % absence, while the control group showed improvement without statistical significance (p = 0.102). Malaise severity significantly improved in the test group (p &lt; 0.0001), with 84.00 % reporting absence post-treatment compared to 8.00 % in the control group, showing significant differences (p &lt; 0.0001).</div><div>Both groups exhibited a significant reduction in liver span post-treatment (p-value &lt; 0.0001) without inter- group differences. Fatty liver grades improved significantly in both groups post-treatment (p &lt; 0.0001), with no significant difference between groups (Chi-sq = 4, df = 2, p = 0.1353). There were no changes in liver function markers and lipid parameters in both groups, though the test drug demonstrated a slight reduction in serum triglyceride levels. No drug-related adverse events were observed during the trial.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study revealed that <em>Curcuma zedoaria</em> Rosc. is effective in managing NAFLD, showing better outcomes than vitamin E in subjective parameters like dyspepsia, malaise, anorexia, and dull ache in RHC. With no observed drug-related adverse events, <em>Curcuma zedoaria</em> Rosc. could be a suitable alternative to conventional treatment modalities for NAFLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review","authors":"Alexandros Toskas ,&nbsp;Stefanos Milias ,&nbsp;Theodora Papamitsou ,&nbsp;Soultana Meditskou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Kamperidis ,&nbsp;Antonia Sioga","doi":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interleukins are potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The roles of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 have been extensively studied, setting the stage for the development of novel treatments for patients with IBD. Other cytokines have been less extensively studied. Members of the IL-20 family, mainly IL-19 and IL-24, are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, but their exact role remains unclear. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD. IL-21 is involved in the Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Data support a promising future use of these interleukins as biomarkers of severe diseases and as potential therapeutic targets for novel monoclonal antibodies. This review aims to summarize the existing studies involving animal models of colitis and patients with IBD to clarify their role in the intestinal mucosa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48674,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}