Health Policy and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Pharmaceutical pricing and managed entry agreements: An exploratory study on future perspectives in Europe","authors":"Claudio Jommi ,&nbsp;Arianna Bertolani ,&nbsp;Patrizio Armeni ,&nbsp;Francesco Costa ,&nbsp;Monica Otto","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This paper illustrates the results of a research aimed at investigating the opinions collected from selected European payers (HTA organisations, authorities/committees assessing, appraising and negotiating drug prices) and experts (researchers/consultants identified through LinkedIn groups) on drug price regulation, managed entry agreements, transparency and HTA advice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Expert and payer opinions were gathered through a structured questionnaire, validated by three potential respondents and self-administered online between July and November 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Respondents totalled 39 (response rate 29%). The response rate was higher among the experts than the payers. Respondents mostly agreed that price regulation should award drug value through a multiple criteria approach (21 respondents) or cost-effectiveness evidence (14). For most respondents the added therapeutic value and the comparative safety profile should be the main drivers of a premium price. A quite high proportion of respondents supported the use of cost-effectiveness, and suggest relying on the perspective of the health care system. Most respondents expect larger diffusion of outcome-based and financial-based managed entry agreements in the future. Finally, respondents advocated for higher transparency of the negotiation process rather than net price transparency, and expressed the belief that HTA advice could be useful in reaching consensus on the level of unmet need, the comparators to consider, and the dimension of the target population.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite the limited number of respondents, the paper provides very interesting exploratory insights into much-debated topics related to drug price regulation. The opinions of European payers and experts are very useful for future regulation of drug pricing in Europe.</p></div><div><h3>Public interest summary</h3><p>Our research aimed at gathering the opinions of payers and experts on drug price regulation. The main findings are that pricing should reflect the value of medicines, that a premium price should be awarded only to those drugs that provide for an added therapeutic value and/o a better safety profile, even if other value dimensions (patient preferences and organisational impact) should be not disregarded. Experts and payers expect a larger role of managed entry agreements in the future, despite they may impose an important administrative burden. Finally, transparency of price negotiation is prioritized compared to net price transparency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44527192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence and methods for a safe resumption of neuroscience activities at the time of COVID-19","authors":"Laura Angioletti ,&nbsp;Michela Balconi","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100787","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49469897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viability of European cross-border access opportunities to streamline access to ATMPs","authors":"Luigi Angelillo ,&nbsp;Cécile van Steen ,&nbsp;Kirsty Ross-Stewart ,&nbsp;Justus Dehnen ,&nbsp;Walter Colasante","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To investigate the viability of several cross-border access opportunities to streamline patient access to advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) in the context of the new Regulation on Health Technology<span><span> assessment (HTA). The regulation, proposed by the European Commission and adopted in December 2021strongly advocates joint European collaboration to make innovative, life-changing therapies, such as ATMPs, more widely available to patients in Europe. ATMPsoffer ground-breaking new opportunities for the treatment of various </span>diseases. However, healthcare systems are often required to undergo significant adaptation in terms of infrastructure development, adoption of new legislation or implementation of alternative reimbursement solutions before access to patients can be granted. This calls for new cross-border access pathways to streamline access, especially in non-EU4+UK countries.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Desk research and 60-minute interviews with regulatory and payer experts were conducted to evaluate new access pathways for ATMPs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Some pathways, such as cross country collaborations (e.g. joint treatment centers) have the potential to provide long-term access to ATMPs. However, several important challenges were identified that currently prevent cross-border access from being viable options for routine access to ATMPs, especially for SMEs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Through open communication and collaboration between manufacturers, payers and policy makers to overcome challenges associated with currently available access pathways for ATMPs, cross-border solutions could represent real opportunities for manufacturers, including SMEs, to expedite reimbursed patient access to ATMPs.</p></div><div><h3>Public Interest Summary</h3><p>In December 2021, a new regulation was adopted on a European level to promote cross-European collaboration to make innovative treatments more widely available to patients. Making sure patients have access to innovative, potentially life-changing, treatments is associated with many challenges. As a result, patients, especially those who live outside of the four biggest countries in the European Union (EU), also known as the EU4:  (France, Germany, Italy and Spain) and the UK where the necessary infrastructure is often lacking, can experience difficulty accessing the innovative treatments they need. We conducted interviews with experts (payers and regulators) to evaluate new pathways to make sure (non-EU4 + UK) patients get better access to innovative therapies. Collaboration and open communication between countries, manufacturers, payers and regulators presents a viable way of achieving this.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44360495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A concept for digital transformation for improved patient care in the UK","authors":"Antoni Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42925476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive cost of illness of all diseases in Japan: Measurement of the social burden of diseases in a super-aged society","authors":"Kunichika Matsumoto,&nbsp;Kanako Seto,&nbsp;Yosuke Hatakeyama,&nbsp;Ryo Onishi,&nbsp;Koki Hirata,&nbsp;Tomonori Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Evaluation of the social burden of illness is important for policy decision-making. However, policy-makers find indicators traditionally used in the healthcare field difficult to use because calculation of these indicators is complex and the unit of indicators is often expressed on “years” basis. The aim of this study was to measure the burden of all diseases using the Comprehensive Cost of Illness (C<img>COI) method and to provide indicators that are easy to use for policy-making.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Utilizing government-based nationwide statistical data, we used the C<img>COI method to estimate the social burden of illness from 2002 to 2017. C<img>COI consists of direct costs (medical direct cost and formal care cost) and indirect costs (morbidity cost, mortality cost, and informal care cost).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 2002 to 2017, C<img>COI increased from 66.5 trillion yen (12.9% of the gross domestic product [GDP]) to 90.6 trillion yen (16.6% of GDP). From 2002 to 2017, the three top-ranked diseases influencing C<img>COI did not change. The ranking of these diseases (from first to third) is as follows: circulatory system diseases, neoplasms, and digestive diseases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The trend of C<img>COI is consistent with the trends of national health expenditure and disability-adjusted life years. The C<img>COI method is expressed in monetary terms, so the effects of aging and the development of medical technology are represented by trends in each cost and are considered valuable as the basis of health policy, instead of national health expenditure.</p></div><div><h3>Public Interest Summary</h3><p>Measuring the social burden of disease is important for making policy decisions. There have been indicators to measure the burden of disease in the past, but they have been complex and difficult to use because they are measured in \"years\". We have developed a comprehensive cost-of-illness method (C<img>COI) that includes the burden of long-term care by applying a method called the cost-of-illness method (COI), which expresses the burden of illness in monetary terms. Using this method, we measured the cost of illness in Japan's aging population, which in 2017 was 66.5 trillion yen (approximately US$532 billion), accounting for 12.9% of GDP. Since this method expresses the burden in monetary terms, it is expected to be a useful indicator for policy making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44974492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A successful model of a Private-Public Partnership in increasing accessibility to critical care services in low-resource settings through tele-ICU","authors":"Sitarah Mathias ,&nbsp;Mohan Sonu Chandra ,&nbsp;Carl Britto","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In India, the dearth of critical care expertise is more pronounced in rural regions, and tele-ICU models have been associated with high costs and low acceptability. Private-public partnerships (PPPs) in India are a potential solution for improved healthcare delivery, although its establishment is challenging. Cloudphysician (CP), a private tele-ICU network, used adaptable, low-cost technology and collaborated with 14 Indian government hospitals (4 states) to provide critical care services in remote areas amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Between June 2020-December 2021, 487 ICU beds were added (0.6% increase from estimated 2020 baseline) in 3 phases. Ramanagara district (8.06 beds per 100,000) and Ladakh state (2.57 beds per 100,0000) demonstrated the highest district-wise and state-wise impact respectively. Totally, 4514 admissions were treated (Leh recorded 112 admissions per 100,000), including 25% non-COVID-19 patients. Thus, this PPP demonstrates a successful model of increasing healthcare delivery to remote areas using a tele-ICU system and effective partnership strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49308903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic AI Support for Decision-Making in the Healthcare Sector: Obstacles and Success Factors","authors":"Markus Bertl ,&nbsp;Peeter Ross ,&nbsp;Dirk Draheim","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Currently, health care<span> is expert-centric, especially with regard to decision-making. Innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) or interconnected electronic health records (EHRs) suffer from low adoption rates. In the rare cases of technically successful implementation, they often result in inefficient or error-prone processes.</span></p></div><div><h3>Aim &amp; Methods</h3><p>This paper explores the state of the art in AI-based digital decision support systems (DDSSs). To overcome the low adoption rates, we propose a systematic strategy for bringing DDSS research into clinical practice based on a design science approach. DDSSs can transform health care to be more innovative, patient-centric, accurate and efficient. We contribute by providing a framework for the successful development, evaluation and analysis of systems for AI-based decision-making. This framework is then evaluated using focus group interviews.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Centred around our framework, we define a systematic approach for the use of AI in health care. Our systematic AI support approach highlights essential perspectives on DDSSs for systematic development and analysis. The aim is to develop and promote robust and optimal practices for clinical investigation and evaluation of DDSS in order to encourage their adoption rates. The framework contains the following dimensions: disease, data, technology, user groups, validation, decision and maturity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>DDSSs focusing on only one framework dimension are generally not successful; therefore, we propose to consider each framework dimension during analysis, design, implementation and evaluation so as to raise the number of DDSSs used in clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Public Interest Summary</h3><p>The digital transformation of the healthcare sector creates the potential for the sector to be more accurate, efficient and patient-centric using AI, or so-called digital decision support systems. In this research, we explore why these systems are needed and how they can be successfully implemented in clinical practice. For this, we propose a systematic approach based on our conceptual framework. Against this background, we present our vision for further advancing these technologies. We see our systematic AI support as a primary driver, with the possibility to facilitate the much-needed breakthrough of decision support systems in health care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44440683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home pulse oximetry monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic: An assessment of patient engagement and compliance","authors":"R.Gentry Wilkerson,&nbsp;Youssef Annous,&nbsp;Eli Farhy,&nbsp;Jonathan Hurst,&nbsp;Angela D. Smedley","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Patients with suspected COVID-19 remain at risk for clinical deterioration after discharge and may benefit from home oxygen saturation (SpO₂) monitoring using portable pulse oximeter devices. Our study aims to evaluate patient engagement and compliance with a home SpO₂ monitoring program.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a single center, prospective pilot study of patients being discharged from the ED or urgent care after evaluation of symptoms consistent with COVID-19. Subjects were given a portable pulse oximeter and instructed to obtain measurements at rest and with exertion twice daily for 14 days. Patients were contacted daily to collect recorded data. If attempts to contact the patient were unsuccessful for 3 consecutive days, patients were considered lost to follow up. The primary outcome of interest was patient engagement in the program which was defined as the percentage of patients that completed the 14-day study period, meaning they were not lost to follow up. Secondary outcomes included compliance with performing the SpO₂ readings. Patient compliance was calculated as a percentage of completed readings out of the total expected readings.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fifty patients were enrolled - 2 withdrew and 1 was a screen failure. Overall, engagement in the program was 46.8% with no significant difference between those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 versus those who tested negative (48.2% vs 45%, <em>p</em> = 0.831). Median compliance overall was 42.9% (IQR 22.22–78.57). Median compliance for the positive group was 50.0% (IQR 20–85.71) and 42.86% (IQR 22.92–76.44) for the negative group (<em>p</em> = 0.838).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study demonstrated that there was acceptable engagement and compliance in a 14-day home SpO₂ monitoring program. These results support the use of home pulse oximetry monitoring in a select group of mildly ill patients with suspected COVID-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42084010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair as a circular strategy for increasing resource availability and health system resilience during a crisis","authors":"Raphael Cobra ,&nbsp;Iara Tonissi Moroni ,&nbsp;Vinicius Picanço Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Jorge M.S. Fradinho ,&nbsp;Janaina Mascarenhas","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Healthcare is a complex socio-technical system where nations regularly struggle with the misalignment between public needs and available resources. The advent of COVID-19 further exacerbated shortcomings, as evidenced by the global panic to find ventilators and beyond. However, the pandemic catalysed a successful Brazilian public-private voluntary partnership that united key industry players, industrial training centres and several volunteers, who, in the absence of a supportive government, could repair ventilators in record time, giving the health system means to succeed.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Characterise how a voluntary public-private partnership came into existence and codify recommendations on how it effectively used repair as a circular strategy to increase ventilator availability and bolster health system resilience<em>.</em></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Case study using multiple data sources collected over 10 months, including national data, semi-structured interviews, daily reports, and internal communications. Sampling, research instruments, and subsequent qualitative data analysis and theory development grounded in repair strategy, resilience, and supply chain literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A successful public-private voluntary partnership delivered 2,514 repaired ventilators, approximately 3% of the total ventilators in use in Brazil and impacting around 24,700 lives. Furthermore, effectively functioned as a first-responder bringing to hospitals approximately 500 repaired units as early as April 2020, surpassing the government's procurement and doing so just-in-time for Brazil's COVID 1st wave. More than 70 institutions and 700 professionals helped hospitals in 25 out of 27 Brazilian states. This case documents how the initiative persevered through adversity, including inadequate policies representing a widespread difficulty in enforcing the “right to repair”.</p></div><div><h3>Public interest summary</h3><p>In Brazil, automakers, the National Industrial Training Service and other organisations formed a voluntary and temporary alliance to repair broken ventilators that had accumulated in hospitals. This initiative took place at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and returned 2,514 ventilators to hospitals, supporting patient care and partially alleviating the shortage of ventilators. This repair depended on the training of technical staff who had never worked with health equipment before. In addition to training, there was a need to share information and manuals, calibrate repaired equipment, procure spare parts, organise logistics and find funding, amongst other activities, meaning that it was a wide scale operation involving several organisations - both within and outside the health system. This research demonstrates the role of ventilator repair in making a health system more resilient in the event of a health emergency, and the urgent need to develop strategies to make","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical success factors of startups in the e-health domain","authors":"Imon Chakraborty ,&nbsp;P.Vigneswara Ilavarasan ,&nbsp;Sisira Edirippulige","doi":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Though health-tech startups are increasingly bridging the affordability, accessibility, and quality gaps in healthcare through innovative solutions, only some sustain and become successful. Knowledge about the critical success factors (CSFs) is limited and shall be helpful for the stakeholders of health-tech startups. The present paper attempts to fill the gap.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We collected data through in-depth personal interviews with founders and other important stakeholders in India. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis process. We also collected structured inputs from the interviewee to classify the identified CSFs. The Service-Technology-Organization-Finance (STOF) framework was used to guide the data collection and analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed eighteen CSFs and five themes: actor's knowledge and communication process, service value and effectiveness, robust technological infrastructure, revenue generation ability, and regulation management capacity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The delineated CSFs will guide the startups to understand various stakeholders' needs, market demands, regulatory compliance, and policy requisites. The present paper is the first of its kind to extensively examine the CSFs and adds to the knowledge about the health-tech startups' success. In light of the findings, the paper modifies the STOF framework and shares practical implications and future research directions.</p></div><div><h3>Public interest summary</h3><p>Health-tech startups are increasingly transforming the healthcare industry by leveraging technologies to improve patient outcomes, enhance the patient experience, and deliver value to all stakeholders. There is a need to identify the critical success factors to address the high mortality among these firms. The present research identifies the factors under five broad themes: actor's knowledge and communication process, service value and effectiveness, robust technological infrastructure, revenue generation ability, and regulation management capacity. The findings will help entrepreneurs, policymakers, and other stakeholders in the health-tech startup ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48672,"journal":{"name":"Health Policy and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48591418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}