Journal of Anthropological Sciences最新文献_第8页

Human deciduous teeth from the Middle Stone Age layers of Sibudu Cave (South Africa). 南非Sibudu洞穴中石器时代层的人类乳牙。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-31 Epub Date: 2018-08-20 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.96005

Alessandro Riga, Gregorio Oxilia, Daniele Panetta, Piero Salvadori, Stefano Benazzi, Lyn Wadley, Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi

{"title":"Human deciduous teeth from the Middle Stone Age layers of Sibudu Cave (South Africa).","authors":"Alessandro Riga, Gregorio Oxilia, Daniele Panetta, Piero Salvadori, Stefano Benazzi, Lyn Wadley, Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi","doi":"10.4436/JASS.96005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.96005","url":null,"abstract":"In the African Pleistocene, the fossil evidence for early Homo sapiens populations is still relatively limited. Here we present two additional specimens (two deciduous teeth) recovered from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) deposits of Sibudu Cave (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa). We describe their morphology and metrics, using three-dimensional models of the teeth obtained from high-resolution micro-CT images. The first specimen is a Ldm₁ (HUM. TO 1) recovered in the BS5 layer dated 77.3±2.7 ka, and associated with stone tools assigned to the \"pre-Still Bay\" assemblage. The other specimen is a Rdi₁ (HUM. TO 2) coming from the Pinkish Grey Sand (PGS) layer, dated 64.7±2.3 ka, and associated with a Howieson's Poort industry. Both teeth are well preserved, with minor post mortem cracks not affecting the overall morphology, and they comprise the intact, worn crown and the remnants of the roots, naturally resorbed. A large carious lesion occupies most of the distal face and part of the occlusal surface in the Ldm₁; also a chip of enamel is missing from the disto-buccal corner. For both teeth, we compared mesio-distal (MD) and bucco-lingual (BL) diameters with those of other Late Pleistocene deciduous teeth and extant Homo sapiens. The analysis has shown that the teeth are comparable in size with the other MSA specimens described in the literature.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"96 ","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36436955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Gender balance in the scientific production of the Atapuerca archaeological and palaeontological research project. 阿塔普埃尔卡考古和古生物研究项目科学成果中的性别平衡。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-31 Epub Date: 2018-04-30 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.96002

Xosé-Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez, Sergi Lozano

引用次数: 3

Acheulean without handaxes? Assemblage variability at FLK West (Lowermost Bed II, Olduvai, Tanzania). 没有手的阿舍利人?FLK West(坦桑尼亚Olduvai最下层II层)的组合变异性。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-31 Epub Date: 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.96007

Policarpo Sánchez-Yustos, Fernando Diez-Martín, Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo, Cristina Fraile, Javier Duque, Isabel Díaz, Sara de Francisco, Enrique Baquedano, Audax Mabulla

引用次数: 15

Vestiges of colonial anthropology and race in nigerian higher education. 尼日利亚高等教育中殖民人类学和种族问题的遗迹。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-31 Epub Date: 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.96014

Kamela Heyward-Rotimi, Omotayo Owoeye

引用次数: 1

Biomechanics of microliths manufacture: a preliminary approach to Neanderthal's motor constrains in the frame of embodied cognition. 微石制造的生物力学:尼安德特人在具身认知框架下的运动约束的初步研究。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-30 Epub Date: 2017-04-10 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.95005

Francia Patiño, Manuel Luque, Marcos Terradillos-Bernal, Manuel Martín-Loeches

{"title":"Biomechanics of microliths manufacture: a preliminary approach to Neanderthal's motor constrains in the frame of embodied cognition.","authors":"Francia Patiño, Manuel Luque, Marcos Terradillos-Bernal, Manuel Martín-Loeches","doi":"10.4436/JASS.95005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.95005","url":null,"abstract":"The systems of perception and action of the brain appear as important constraining factors in human evolution under current models of embodied cognition. In this view, the emergence of certain items in the archeological record is not necessarily subsequent to the emergence of a 'symbolic' mind, but instead to the appearance of the sensory-motor systems enabling that behavior. One of the products normally absent in pre- Homo sapiens species is the standardized microlith, whose production seems very demanding for the hand due to their small size and need for fine craft. In the present study, we provide preliminary empirical evidence that the biomechanical requirements of microliths manufacture made this industry difficult to achieve by Neanderthals. The biomechanical parameters of the human hand in the manufacture of microliths are here explored in two individuals with different degrees of expertise. The figures obtained in this manner are subsequently contrasted and extrapolated to Neanderthal's hand anthropometric data, as obtained from the available literature. Results indicate that Neanderthals would exhibit lower efficiency than modern humans as a consequence of their smaller hands and shorter arms, resulting in a smaller area to distribute forces and an increased mechanical stress in the microlith manufacturing processes. This might be a plausibly contributing factor for precluding microlith production in Neanderthals on noticeable scales, in consonance with the archeological record.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"95 ","pages":"203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34904314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Race and society in Portugal: two notes and a remark. 葡萄牙的种族与社会:两个笔记和一个评论。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-30 Epub Date: 2017-07-13 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.95014

Jorge Rocha

引用次数: 41

Changes in stature from the Upper Paleolithic to the Medieval period in Western Europe. 西欧从旧石器时代晚期到中世纪时期的身材变化。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-30 Epub Date: 2017-07-29 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.95015

Maria Enrica Danubio, Patrizia Martella, Emanuele Sanna

引用次数: 1

What is race today? Scientific, legal, and social appraisals from around the globe. 今天的种族是什么?来自世界各地的科学、法律和社会评价。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-30 Epub Date: 2017-07-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.95016

Alan Goodman

{"title":"What is race today? Scientific, legal, and social appraisals from around the globe.","authors":"Alan Goodman","doi":"10.4436/JASS.95016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.95016","url":null,"abstract":"Race is a core concept in science and society. Yet, the meaning of the concept is constantly changing and varies by language and country. In science, race was once an unchallenged concept that was used to describe human biological or genetic variation, but we now know that dividing individuals into races is typological and explains a small fraction of variation. In this sense, race is an outdated idea and a myth. Yet, race continues to be used as a scientific term in many publications and fields such as medicine and forensic anthropology. In society, race has also changed in many complex ways, and varies by language, history, culture, and national tradition. Race is a global concept with profoundly local dynamics. Race in law, society and the public sphere is so salient today because racism is. The purpose of this forum is to provide a basis for comparing the “state of the art” of debates around race, human biological variation and racism in science and society in different countries. The first set of articles that follows are from European countries and the United States. How is race used in science, law and other intersecting domains such as everyday and political discourse? Giovanni Destro Bisol, JASs Editor, suggested the idea for this forum and I have been honored to work with him. We hoped that others would contribute their own analyses on the state of race in countries they are most familiar with. While each author has been free to take the topic in directions that make the more senses to them, we provided some guiding questions.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"95 ","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35366701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The ambiguities of "race" in UK science, social policy and political discourse. 英国科学、社会政策和政治话语中“种族”的模糊性。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-30 Epub Date: 2017-08-03 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.95018

George Ellison, Peter Aspinall, Andrew Smart, Sarah Salway

引用次数: 4

Giuseppe Sergi. The portrait of a positivist scientist. 朱塞佩塞尔吉。一个实证主义科学家的肖像。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-12-30 Epub Date: 2017-06-09 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.95007

Giovanni Cerro

{"title":"Giuseppe Sergi. The portrait of a positivist scientist.","authors":"Giovanni Cerro","doi":"10.4436/JASS.95007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.95007","url":null,"abstract":"Giuseppe Sergi (1841-1936) was one of the most important anthropologists and psychologists of the age of positivism and this article focuses on three domains of his scientific research: degeneration, eugenics and race. His concept of degeneration is defined as the development of special forms of human adaptation to the environment. This issue is closely related to his theory of the \"stratification of character\", which had a profound impact on Italian psychiatry and criminal anthropology in the late nineteenth century. Thus, special emphasis is placed on the differences between Sergi and Cesare Lombroso regarding their definitions of criminality and genius. Concerning eugenics, the article analyzes Sergi's key role in the Italian context, discussing his eugenic program based on both repression and education. His remedies against the spread of degeneration included not only radical and repressive measures, but also the improvement of popular education and the living conditions of the working class. In the field of physical anthropology, the article examines Sergi's morphological method of classifying ethnic groups. Although sharply criticized in Italy and abroad, this method had two major effects. First, it led to the definitive split between Sergi and Paolo Mantegazza and to the foundation of the Societá Romana di Antropologia in 1893. Second, it was the starting point for Sergi's theory of Mediterranean \"stock\", which claimed that European populations were of African origin in contrast to contemporary theories of Aryan supremacy. The article ends with a look at the heated debate over Sergi's Mediterraneanism during the period of Fascism.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"95 ","pages":"109-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35078637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2