Journal of Anthropological Sciences最新文献_第9页

Reshaping the flagship initiatives of the Italian Institute of Anthropology in the new pandemic world. 在新的流行病世界中重塑意大利人类学研究所的旗舰倡议。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98023

Giovanni Destro Bisol

引用次数: 0

DNA barcoding of primates and the selection of molecular markers using African Great Apes as a model. 灵长类动物的DNA条形码和以非洲类人猿为模型的分子标记选择。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98017

Amy S Jackson, Vincent Nijman

{"title":"DNA barcoding of primates and the selection of molecular markers using African Great Apes as a model.","authors":"Amy S Jackson, Vincent Nijman","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98017","url":null,"abstract":"Ambiguities within species description and identification may compromise research validity. Species identification has typically been based upon morphological characteristics, yet recent technological advances have led to identifications achieved via DNA approaches, including DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding studies typically use cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) as the proposed universal molecular marker for animals. Here, we test 12 mitochondrial protein coding genes for the presence of a clear barcoding gap allowing us to unequivocally define species. Using the African Great Apes as our model group, we assess this at the species (Pan troglodytes), genus (Pan) and family (Hominidae) level. Based on 279 complete mitochondrial genomes, sequences were partitioned by gene for analysis and pairwise distances were calculated. No barcoding gap was observed at the within species level, i.e., the four recognised chimpanzee taxa were not distinguishable through DNA barcoding. However, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) produce the largest barcoding gaps at the genus (ND5 2%, COII 0.5%) and family (ND5 1.5%, COII 0.5%) level. Rather than focusing on COI, our analysis suggests that these two genes may be more, or at least as, appropriate markers in primate species delineation, with uses in the identification of extinct and extant species. Further use may be beneficial to taxonomists, providing additional evidence and new insights for these morphologically similar species.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38610394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Mosaic evolution in hominin phylogeny: meanings, implications, and explanations. 古人类系统发育中的镶嵌进化:意义、暗示和解释。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97001

Andrea Parravicini, Telmo Pievani

引用次数: 7

Morphological variability of Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic skulls from Sicily. 西西里岛旧石器时代晚期和中石器时代颅骨的形态变异。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-12-10 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97009

Manon Galland, Giuseppe D'Amore, Martin Friess, Roberto Micciché, Ron Pinhasi, Vitale Stefano Sparacello, Luca Sineo

{"title":"Morphological variability of Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic skulls from Sicily.","authors":"Manon Galland, Giuseppe D'Amore, Martin Friess, Roberto Micciché, Ron Pinhasi, Vitale Stefano Sparacello, Luca Sineo","doi":"10.4436/JASS.97009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.97009","url":null,"abstract":"Scenarios for the dispersal of Homo sapiens in Southern Europe and in the Mediterranean basin have been uncertain, given the scarceness of osteological samples and the simplicity of the proposed archaeologically-based settlement hypotheses. According to available data, the first anatomically modern humans entered Sicily during the Late Pleistocene, coming from the Italian peninsula. A presumably small Late Epigravettian population colonised coastal sites. Later, North-Western archaeological horizons gave hospitality to a significant Mesolithic expansion. In order to verify a hypothesis of continuity in the peopling of the island, we analyzed Sicilian skulls from the Late Epigravettian site of San Teodoro, Eastern Sicily (AMS 14C dated at 14,500 BP) and from the Mesolithic period (14C dated from 9,500 to 8,500 BP) coming from various sites (Uzzo, Molara, Grotta d'Oriente) located on the North Western coast of the island. The aims were to test the biological variability through time within the island as well as to evaluate the relationships of Sicilian Pleistocene hunter-gatherers with Old World populations. We also evaluated the Sicilian Mesolithic uniformity especially between the Uzzo and Grotta d'Oriente sites, given their vicinity and accessibility during the Early Holocene. We applied 3D geometric morphometric methods to assess shape variation as well as geographic and diachronic morphological patterns. All analyzed specimens, plus a comparative sample from the Old World dated from the Upper Paleolithic to recent periods, were transformed in digital images and standard craniofacial landmarks were extracted from the 3D models. Our results underline a high variability among the Mesolithic specimens, as well as a large craniometric distance from the presumed founder Paleolithic settler representatives (San Teodoro specimens) that have closer morphological affinities with other European Upper Paleolithic specimens.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"96 ","pages":"151-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37519844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

What does Homo antecessor tell us about the origin of the "emergent humanity" that gave rise to Homo sapiens? 关于产生智人的“新兴人类”的起源，人类祖先告诉了我们什么?

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97012

José María Bermúdez de Castro, María Martinón-Torres

引用次数: 7

Grasping the genetic determinants of human adaptations: the "Kings of the Mountains" (Sherpa) case study. 掌握人类适应的遗传决定因素:“山区之王”(夏尔巴人)案例研究。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97011

Marco Sazzini

引用次数: 3

The circle of Gánovce: natural history of an endocast. Gánovce的圆圈:一个人的自然史。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97010

Emiliano Bruner, Fabio Di Vicenzo, Giorgio Manzi

引用次数: 0

Lithics of the North African Middle Stone Age: assumptions, evidence and future directions. 北非中石器时代的石器:假设、证据和未来方向。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-31 Epub Date: 2019-07-10 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.97002

Eleanor Scerri, Enza Elena Spinapolica

{"title":"Lithics of the North African Middle Stone Age: assumptions, evidence and future directions.","authors":"Eleanor Scerri, Enza Elena Spinapolica","doi":"10.4436/JASS.97002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.97002","url":null,"abstract":"North Africa features some of the earliest manifestations of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) and fossils of our species, Homo sapiens, as well as early examples of complex culture and the long distance transfer of exotic raw materials. As they are elsewhere, lithics (i.e., stone tools) present by far the most abundant source of information on this cultural period. Given the importance of North Africa in human origins, understanding the character and distribution of MSA lithics is therefore crucial, as they shed light on early human behaviour and culture. However, the lithics of the North African MSA are poorly understood, and their technological variability is frequently obfuscated by regionally specific nomenclatures, often repeated without criticism, and diverse methods of analysis that are often incompatible. Characterising dynamic technological innovations as well as apparent technological stasis remains challenging, and many narratives have not been tested quantitatively. This significantly problematizes hypotheses of human evolution and dispersals invoking these data that extend beyond North Africa. This paper therefore presents a description of the lithics of the North African MSA, including their technological characteristics, chronology, spatial distribution and associated research traditions. A range of interpretations concerning early H. sapiens demography in North Africa are then re-evaluated in the light of this review, and the role and power of lithic data to contribute to such debates is critically assessed.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"96 ","pages":"9-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37149876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Survival to amputation in pre-antibiotic era: a case study from a Longobard necropolis (6th-8th centuries AD). 前抗生素时代的生存至截肢:来自朗戈巴德墓地的案例研究(公元6 -8世纪)。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-31 Epub Date: 2018-04-10 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.96001

Ileana Micarelli, Robert Paine, Caterina Giostra, Mary Anne Tafuri, Antonio Profico, Marco Boggioni, Fabio Di Vincenzo, Danilo Massani, Andrea Papini, Giorgio Manzi

{"title":"Survival to amputation in pre-antibiotic era: a case study from a Longobard necropolis (6th-8th centuries AD).","authors":"Ileana Micarelli, Robert Paine, Caterina Giostra, Mary Anne Tafuri, Antonio Profico, Marco Boggioni, Fabio Di Vincenzo, Danilo Massani, Andrea Papini, Giorgio Manzi","doi":"10.4436/JASS.96001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.96001","url":null,"abstract":"The Longobard necropolis of Povegliano Veronese dates from the 6th to the 8th centuries AD. Among the 164 tombs excavated, the skeleton of an older male shows a well-healed amputated right forearm. The orientation of the forearm fracture suggests an angled cut by a single blow. Reasons why a forearm might be amputated include combat, medical intervention, and judicial punishment. As with other amputation cases reported in literature, this one exhibits both healing and osteoblastic response. We argue that the forelimb stump morphology suggests the use of a prosthesis. Moreover, dental modification of RI2 shows considerable wear and smoothing of the occlusal surface, which points to dental use in attaching the prosthesis to the limb. Other indications of how this individual adjusted to his amputated condition includes a slight change in the orientation of the right glenoid fossa surface, and thinning of right humeral cortical bone. This is a remarkable example in which an older male survived the loss of a forelimb in pre-antibiotic era. We link archaeological remains found in the tomb (buckle and knife) with the biological evidence to show how a combined bioarchaeological approach can provide a clearer interpretation of the life history of an individual.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"96 ","pages":"185-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36063025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

The Manifesto of Human Diversity and Unity, eighty years after the Italian racial laws. 人类多样性与统一宣言》，意大利种族法颁布八十年后。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-31 Epub Date: 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.96016

Giovanni Destro Bisol, Maria Enrica Danubio, Alessandra Magistrelli, Pietro Greco, Mariano Pavanello, Elena Gagliasso

引用次数: 7