Journal of Anthropological Sciences最新文献

The anatomical position of the ribs and thoracic vertebrae of the Roc de Marsal Neandertal infant. 马绍尔洛克尼安德特人婴儿肋骨和胸椎的解剖位置。

IF 2.3 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.10403

Asier Gómez-Olivencia, Daniel García-Martínez

{"title":"The anatomical position of the ribs and thoracic vertebrae of the Roc de Marsal Neandertal infant.","authors":"Asier Gómez-Olivencia, Daniel García-Martínez","doi":"10.4436/JASS.10403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.10403","url":null,"abstract":"Recent technical and methodological advances have provided new insights into Neandertal thorax morphology, revealing significant differences compared to modern humans, both in terms of the individual elements (vertebrae, ribs, and sternum), and in the thorax as a whole. However, the thorax morphology of immature Neandertals remains poorly understood, due to the limited and fragmentary fossil record. The Roc de Marsal (RdM) infant is one of the few cases in which the vertebrae and ribs are both relatively well preserved. Previous research has characterised the ribs of the RdM individual as having shafts with low robusticity and short necks. They also have a large radius of curvature (i.e., they are less curved) and a pronounced anterior flare. Theoretically, this would result in a thorax that was more anteroposteriorly projected than that of Homo sapiens, with a maximum width at the 7th rib. Here, we reassess the anatomical position of the thoracic vertebrae and ribs of RdM, evaluating previous observations using a combination of traditional measurements and 3D geometric morphometrics. A morphological assessment of the most complete ribs (7, 9, 10 and 11) reveals marked differences between the ribs of RdM and those of modern human children. These differences include less curvature of the shaft in cranial view, more vertically oriented and straighter (i.e., less sinuous, with less torsion) shafts in external view. At least for ribs 9-11, the shaft portion sternal to the posterior angle is also longer. In some instances, these differences are similar to those present in adult Neandertals, suggesting that the Neandertal thorax was distinct from that of H. sapiens since infancy. This study reinforces the idea that the size and shape of the individual elements (the ribs and vertebrae) provide information about the distinctiveness of the entire thorax.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"104 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reexploring drivers of technological variation through the complex landscapes of cultural evolution. 通过文化进化的复杂景观重新探索技术变化的驱动因素。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10401

James Clark,Lucy Timbrell,Sarah E Paris,Gonzalo J Linares-Matás

{"title":"Reexploring drivers of technological variation through the complex landscapes of cultural evolution.","authors":"James Clark,Lucy Timbrell,Sarah E Paris,Gonzalo J Linares-Matás","doi":"10.4436/jass.10401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/jass.10401","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a number of issues in its collation, the dataset published by Oswalt et al. (1976) remains a key resource for operationalising cross-cultural technological variability and understanding the socioecological drivers of cultural change in small-scale societies. At the same time, however, it has not been comprehensively explored using up-to-date contextual metrics of subsistence, climate, and demographic structure in each population. In this paper, we present a novel evolutionary framework for understanding technological change in both modern and past populations, according to the complex fitness landscapes of cultural evolution present in different environments. We then use this framework as a lens to explore the drivers of toolkit composition and complexity among hunter-gatherer populations to assess how they relate to the adoption of particular behavioural strategies. We suggest a hierarchy of interlinked influences on the nature of technology: resource distributions exert the most proximate influence on their character, but demography (especially the size of seasonally-aggregated groups) and climate (especially seasonality and inter-annual predictability) are themselves critical in constraining technological possibilities. Finally, we argue that landscape knowledge is crucial in driving access over time to the highest-return technological strategies that are possible in any given environmental context.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Neanderthal cranium: functional reappraisal of a peculiar morphology. 尼安德特人头盖骨：一种特殊形态的功能重新评估。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10402

Barbara Coletti,Giorgio Manzi

引用次数: 0

Anthropology, “races”, and colonialism. African populations in the work of Giuseppe Sergi and beyond 非洲乳糖酶持久性的马赛克：从基因文化共同进化到大陆人口统计学。

IF 2.3 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-24 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.10308

Giovanni Cerro

{"title":"Anthropology, “races”, and colonialism. African populations in the work of Giuseppe Sergi and beyond","authors":"Giovanni Cerro","doi":"10.4436/JASS.10308","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.10308","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to examine the complex and ambivalent conception of Africa and its peoples in the work of Italian anthropologist Giuseppe Sergi (1848-1936), placing it in the context of the birth of Italian colonialism and the scientific debates of the time. On the one hand, based on his new method of recognizing ethnic groups, Sergi developed an original vision that included the peoples of East and North Africa in the Mediterranean stock and affirmed a closeness and interconnection between Europe and Africa. On the other hand, his vision remained anchored in the \"racial\" hierarchies typical of positivism: Sergi considered the \"black\" peoples of sub-Saharan Africa to be physically, intellectually, and morally \"inferior\", placing them in a \"barbaric\" stage of human evolution. Despite this hierarchical view, Sergi was a fierce critic of Italian colonialism and imperialism, which he considered economically disadvantageous, politically short-sighted, and morally anachronistic. Inspired by socialist and pacifist ideals, he condemned colonial violence and promoted the emancipation of peoples through international cooperation. Giuseppe Sergi's work thus embodies the contradictions of the anthropological thinking of his time, characterized by a constant oscillation between progressive openness and deeply rooted prejudices.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"103 ","pages":"141-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new open-access 3D database of crania from prehistoric and historic Sardinia. 一个新的开放访问的三维数据库，从史前和历史撒丁岛的颅骨。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10305

Elisabetta Marini,Marco Casula,Valeria Basciu,Davie Bratzu,Nicol Andrea Peddis,Roberto Tronci,Alessio Garau,Paolo Stara,Giorgio Lai,Paolo Lussu,Vitale Stefano Sparacello

引用次数: 0

The revolution that wasn't (again): reflections on the advent of lithic technology vs. AI. 革命（再次）：反思芯片技术与人工智能的出现。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10311

Julien Riel-Salvatore

引用次数: 0

From the Paleolithic to artificial intelligence: reading the future through the past. 从旧石器时代到人工智能：透过过去解读未来。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10309

Giovanni Destro Bisol,Andrea Mele

引用次数: 0

Reimagining human population genetics in the age of Artificial Intelligence. 重新构想人工智能时代的人类种群遗传学。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10315

Alex Mas-Sandoval,Matteo Fumagalli

引用次数: 0

Faking it for science: generative artificial intelligence at the crossroads of biological and cultural anthropology. 为科学造假：生物人类学和文化人类学交叉路口的生成式人工智能。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10316

Aicha Ben Taher

引用次数: 0

Fire, seeds, and algorithms: contextualizing artificial intelligence in human evolutionary history. 火、种子和算法：人类进化史中的人工智能。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.4436/jass.10310

Giovanni Destro Bisol

引用次数: 0