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Towards a functional understanding of adaptive phenotypes in humans. 从功能角度理解人类的适应性表型。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-26 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.99006
Maxime Rotival, Lluis Quintana-Murci
{"title":"Towards a functional understanding of adaptive phenotypes in humans.","authors":"Maxime Rotival, Lluis Quintana-Murci","doi":"10.4436/JASS.99006","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.99006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39456550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uniparental markers and their role in the future of Molecular Anthropology. 单亲标记及其在未来分子人类学中的作用。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-26 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.99005
Francesc Calafell
{"title":"Uniparental markers and their role in the future of Molecular Anthropology.","authors":"Francesc Calafell","doi":"10.4436/JASS.99005","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.99005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"183-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39456548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Equipment of the Tyrolean Iceman: Innovation versus Adaptation in the Cultural Evolution of Prehistoric Technologies. 蒂罗尔冰人的装备：史前技术文化演变中的创新与适应。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.99004
Lajos Szabó, Tamás Bereczkei
{"title":"The Equipment of the Tyrolean Iceman: Innovation versus Adaptation in the Cultural Evolution of Prehistoric Technologies.","authors":"Lajos Szabó, Tamás Bereczkei","doi":"10.4436/JASS.99004","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.99004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study argues that the equipment of the Tyrolean Iceman offers a unique perspective for understanding the macroevolutionary-scale functional continuity between later Pleistocene and Holocene human technologies. The Iceman was discovered in 1991 in the Ötztal Alps and can be dated to around 3300 BC, corresponding to the North Italian early Copper Age. In his gear there are several technologies which are rarely found at prehistoric archaeological sites, including archery equipment, a complete set of clothing, and a personal tool kit. Our paper will discuss this technological assemblage within the framework of cultural evolutionary theories (subsequently abbreviated as CET). According to the concept of cumulative culture, tools and technologies may become the subject of cultural \"descent with modification\" which leads to the emergence of complex technological innovations. In conventional narratives, the Neolithic represents the single greatest macroevolutionary transition in human cultural evolution, accompanied by a whole set of novel innovations and encompassing the transition to agriculture. However, as we highlight, the Iceman's equipment includes several technologies with a pre-Neolithic cultural origin. Earlier variants of these technologies were used by cultural groups belonging to the Mesolithic and even the Upper and Middle Paleolithic. Our main goal will be to present an explanatory framework for this macroevolutionary-scale technological continuity. In order to achieve this goal, we explore the heuristic value of two basic concepts of cultural evolutionary explanations-namely, the concepts of innovation and adaptation. Building on this background, we present an overview of the data currently available on the evolutionary history of each technological adaptation found in the equipment of the Iceman. Our results suggest that these technologies were not primarily cultural innovations, but simultaneously they were \"obligatory\" functional adaptations with a deep evolutionary history.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"61-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38996880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The outline of the pubic symphyseal surface is sexually dimorphic and changes with age in humans. 人类耻骨联合面的轮廓具有性别二形性，并随着年龄的增长而变化。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.99003
Guillermo Bravo Morante, Barbara Fischer, Miguel Cecilio Botella López, Markus Bastir
{"title":"The outline of the pubic symphyseal surface is sexually dimorphic and changes with age in humans.","authors":"Guillermo Bravo Morante, Barbara Fischer, Miguel Cecilio Botella López, Markus Bastir","doi":"10.4436/JASS.99003","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.99003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bony symphyseal surface is an important trait for age-at-death estimation from human skeletal remains. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that the outline of the human symphyseal surface is sexually dimorphic and that it changes with age. We present a geometric morphometric analysis based on a sample of 323 symphyseal pubic bones from males and females in the age range of 14 to 82 years. These bones were surface-scanned and the resulting surface models were measured along the ventral and dorsal borders of the symphyseal surface using two fixed and 36 curve semilandmarks. Our findings imply that age-related changes in the outline of the symphyseal surface differ between the sexes. According to our results, age explains 5% of total shape variation in females, but less than 1% in males. These findings for the outline, could potentially complement existing sex and age-at-death estimation methods based on other features of the bony pubic surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39059221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An analysis of recent literature regarding the Minoan "blue monkeys" represented in Aegean Bronze Age art. 分析近期有关爱琴海青铜时代艺术中的米诺斯 "蓝猴 "的文献。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.99002
Marco Masseti
{"title":"An analysis of recent literature regarding the Minoan \"blue monkeys\" represented in Aegean Bronze Age art.","authors":"Marco Masseti","doi":"10.4436/JASS.99002","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.99002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"153-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38890682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indicators of sexual dimorphism in Homo antecessor permanent canines. 前古人类永久性犬齿的性二态指标。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.99001
Cecilia García-Campos, María Martinén-Torres, Mario Modesto-Mata, Laura Martín-Francés, Marina Martínez de Pinillos, José María Bermúdez de Castro
{"title":"Indicators of sexual dimorphism in Homo antecessor permanent canines.","authors":"Cecilia García-Campos, María Martinén-Torres, Mario Modesto-Mata, Laura Martín-Francés, Marina Martínez de Pinillos, José María Bermúdez de Castro","doi":"10.4436/JASS.99001","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.99001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main concerns of paleoanthropologists is to make a correct interpretation of the variability observed in the fossil record. However, the current knowledge about sexual dimorphism in the human lineage comes mainly from the study of modern human, Neanderthal and pre-Neanderthal populations, whereas information available about the intrapopulation variability of the groups that preceded these taxa is still ambiguous. In this preliminary study, Homo antecessor dental sample was assessed with the aim of trying to evaluate the degree of variability of their permanent canines` dental tissue proportions. Microtomographic techniques were here employed in order to measure and compare the crown volumes and surface areas of their enamel caps and dentine-pulp complexes. Then, the Pearson`s Coefficient of Variation and the Euclidean Distance were assessed to evaluate of intrapopulation variability of Gran Dolina TD6.2 dental sample. The values obtained were also compared with those of the dental samples from Sima de los Huesos site (Spain), the Neanderthal site of Krapina (Croatia), as well as from a broad forensic collection of known sex. Our results showed a marked intrapopulation variability in the dental tissues measurements of the canines of the individuals H1 and H3 from this site. This variability may be interpreted as an indicator of sexual dimorphism. If this is the case, H1 may be considered as a male individual, whereas H3 would be a female. Future discoveries of new fossils in the level TD6.2 of Gran Dolina site might help to confirm or refute this hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25466427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The skull from Florisbad: a paleoneurological report. 弗洛里斯巴德的头骨:一份古生物学报告。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98014
Emiliano Bruner, Marlize Lombard
{"title":"The skull from Florisbad: a paleoneurological report.","authors":"Emiliano Bruner,&nbsp;Marlize Lombard","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Florisbad fossil cranium was found in South Africa in 1932. Different authors proposed a taxonomic affinity with early Homo sapiens, Neandertals or late Homo heidelbergensis. Here, we review its neurocranial morphology, to supply an updated perspective on its paleoneurological features. The curvature of the frontal squama is definitely within modern human variation, although the anterior cranial fossa is very broad, comparable to that of the Neandertals. In contrast, the parietal lobe and the vascular networks are more similar to the morphology observed in more archaic human species, such as Homo heidelbergensis. The endocranial anatomy of the Florisbad skull displays a mosaic of derived and plesiomorphic features, which makes this fossil compatible with distinct phylogenetic scenarios. None of these traits are, however, strictly diagnostic in terms of taxonomy. This specimen is central to the question on the possible anagenetic evolution from Homo heidelbergensis sensu lato to modern humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38552779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A snapshot on some everyday actions of a Middle Pleistocene hominin: the Trackway B at the Devil's Trails palaeontological site (Tora e Piccilli, Caserta, Central Italy). 一个中更新世人类日常活动的快照:魔鬼之路古生物遗址(意大利中部卡塞塔的Tora e Piccilli)的轨道B。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98013
Adolfo Panarello
{"title":"A snapshot on some everyday actions of a Middle Pleistocene hominin: the Trackway B at the Devil's Trails palaeontological site (Tora e Piccilli, Caserta, Central Italy).","authors":"Adolfo Panarello","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report aims to give notice of and provide a more detailed dataset and detailed remarks on what can be considered a one-of-a-kind hominin fossil walking pattern: Trackway B of the Foresta ichnological site (Tora e Piccilli, Caserta, Central Italy). Although the site is known since 2003, only recently has the study been performed by means of the newest photogrammetric and experimental techniques of collection, analysis and interpretation of ichnological data. The results obtained enable us to depict an astonishing movie printed in rock, describing some body features and common moments of the everyday movements of a hominin who lived about 350 ka. In particular, some up-to-now absolutely unique fossil prints of body parts of a Pleistocene hominin (calf, ankle, and gluteus), which have simply been mentioned in the ichnological fossil record, are here quantitatively described for the first time. The data coming from this research will provide scientists with new valuable elements thus far undetected anywhere else in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37877623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fertility and infant survival in men and women from rural regions of Northern Tanzania: gene candidates and sex-specific genetic associations. 坦桑尼亚北部农村地区男性和女性的生育能力和婴儿存活率:候选基因和性别特异性遗传关联。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98018
Marina Butovskaya, Valentina Burkova, Vasiliy Vasilyev, Evgeniya Sukhodolskaya, Daniya Yurgenson, Dmitriy Shibalev, Dmitriy Karelin, Daria Dronova, Audax Mabulla, Oleg Lazebny
{"title":"Fertility and infant survival in men and women from rural regions of Northern Tanzania: gene candidates and sex-specific genetic associations.","authors":"Marina Butovskaya,&nbsp;Valentina Burkova,&nbsp;Vasiliy Vasilyev,&nbsp;Evgeniya Sukhodolskaya,&nbsp;Daniya Yurgenson,&nbsp;Dmitriy Shibalev,&nbsp;Dmitriy Karelin,&nbsp;Daria Dronova,&nbsp;Audax Mabulla,&nbsp;Oleg Lazebny","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous factors, including family planning and modern contraception, disturb the potential associations between the number of children born and genetic factors in modern Western societies. The current progress of medicine and a relatively high level of well-being make it hard to test the association between children's survival rates and genetic factors in Western societies either. The goal of the current study was to reveal the possible associations between the number of children born and the number of children survived till the age of 5 y. by the time of our study with a set of six genetic polymorphisms associated with serotonin, dopamine, androgen oxytocin behavioral effects; and to test for sex-specific effects of these polymorphisms in a traditional rural sample from Arusha and Singida Districts of Northern Tanzania. The data on 965 healthy individuals (520 men and 415 women) from traditional rural communities with high reproduction profiles were collected. All participants provided information on the number of children born and survived, and other demographic information, as well as buccal epithelium samples for DNA analysis. The data were analyzed using GLM ANCOVA and the APSampler nonparametric methodology. The gene association effects on reproduction and infant survival in men and women were demonstrated. We suggest that sex differences revealed in this study are in line with sexual selection pressure on reproduction and parenting in traditional societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38702760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A reply to Ribot et al. 对Ribot等人的回复。
IF 1.8 2区 社会学
Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98015
José María Bermúdez de Castro, María Martinón-Torres
{"title":"A reply to Ribot et al.","authors":"José María Bermúdez de Castro,&nbsp;María Martinón-Torres","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38552781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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