Journal of Anthropological Sciences最新文献_第5页

Indicators of sexual dimorphism in Homo antecessor permanent canines. 前古人类永久性犬齿的性二态指标。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.99001

Cecilia García-Campos, María Martinén-Torres, Mario Modesto-Mata, Laura Martín-Francés, Marina Martínez de Pinillos, José María Bermúdez de Castro

{"title":"Indicators of sexual dimorphism in Homo antecessor permanent canines.","authors":"Cecilia García-Campos, María Martinén-Torres, Mario Modesto-Mata, Laura Martín-Francés, Marina Martínez de Pinillos, José María Bermúdez de Castro","doi":"10.4436/JASS.99001","DOIUrl":"10.4436/JASS.99001","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main concerns of paleoanthropologists is to make a correct interpretation of the variability observed in the fossil record. However, the current knowledge about sexual dimorphism in the human lineage comes mainly from the study of modern human, Neanderthal and pre-Neanderthal populations, whereas information available about the intrapopulation variability of the groups that preceded these taxa is still ambiguous. In this preliminary study, Homo antecessor dental sample was assessed with the aim of trying to evaluate the degree of variability of their permanent canines` dental tissue proportions. Microtomographic techniques were here employed in order to measure and compare the crown volumes and surface areas of their enamel caps and dentine-pulp complexes. Then, the Pearson`s Coefficient of Variation and the Euclidean Distance were assessed to evaluate of intrapopulation variability of Gran Dolina TD6.2 dental sample. The values obtained were also compared with those of the dental samples from Sima de los Huesos site (Spain), the Neanderthal site of Krapina (Croatia), as well as from a broad forensic collection of known sex. Our results showed a marked intrapopulation variability in the dental tissues measurements of the canines of the individuals H1 and H3 from this site. This variability may be interpreted as an indicator of sexual dimorphism. If this is the case, H1 may be considered as a male individual, whereas H3 would be a female. Future discoveries of new fossils in the level TD6.2 of Gran Dolina site might help to confirm or refute this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25466427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The skull from Florisbad: a paleoneurological report. 弗洛里斯巴德的头骨:一份古生物学报告。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98014

Emiliano Bruner, Marlize Lombard

引用次数: 9

A snapshot on some everyday actions of a Middle Pleistocene hominin: the Trackway B at the Devil's Trails palaeontological site (Tora e Piccilli, Caserta, Central Italy). 一个中更新世人类日常活动的快照:魔鬼之路古生物遗址(意大利中部卡塞塔的Tora e Piccilli)的轨道B。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98013

Adolfo Panarello

引用次数: 1

Fertility and infant survival in men and women from rural regions of Northern Tanzania: gene candidates and sex-specific genetic associations. 坦桑尼亚北部农村地区男性和女性的生育能力和婴儿存活率:候选基因和性别特异性遗传关联。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98018

Marina Butovskaya, Valentina Burkova, Vasiliy Vasilyev, Evgeniya Sukhodolskaya, Daniya Yurgenson, Dmitriy Shibalev, Dmitriy Karelin, Daria Dronova, Audax Mabulla, Oleg Lazebny

{"title":"Fertility and infant survival in men and women from rural regions of Northern Tanzania: gene candidates and sex-specific genetic associations.","authors":"Marina Butovskaya, Valentina Burkova, Vasiliy Vasilyev, Evgeniya Sukhodolskaya, Daniya Yurgenson, Dmitriy Shibalev, Dmitriy Karelin, Daria Dronova, Audax Mabulla, Oleg Lazebny","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98018","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous factors, including family planning and modern contraception, disturb the potential associations between the number of children born and genetic factors in modern Western societies. The current progress of medicine and a relatively high level of well-being make it hard to test the association between children's survival rates and genetic factors in Western societies either. The goal of the current study was to reveal the possible associations between the number of children born and the number of children survived till the age of 5 y. by the time of our study with a set of six genetic polymorphisms associated with serotonin, dopamine, androgen oxytocin behavioral effects; and to test for sex-specific effects of these polymorphisms in a traditional rural sample from Arusha and Singida Districts of Northern Tanzania. The data on 965 healthy individuals (520 men and 415 women) from traditional rural communities with high reproduction profiles were collected. All participants provided information on the number of children born and survived, and other demographic information, as well as buccal epithelium samples for DNA analysis. The data were analyzed using GLM ANCOVA and the APSampler nonparametric methodology. The gene association effects on reproduction and infant survival in men and women were demonstrated. We suggest that sex differences revealed in this study are in line with sexual selection pressure on reproduction and parenting in traditional societies.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38702760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A reply to Ribot et al. 对Ribot等人的回复。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98015

José María Bermúdez de Castro, María Martinón-Torres

引用次数: 0

The partial skeleton StW 431 from Sterkfontein - Is it time to rethink the Plio-Pleistocene hominin diversity in South Africa? 来自Sterkfontein的部分骨架StW 431——是时候重新思考南非上新世-更新世人类的多样性了吗?

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98020

Gabriele A Macho, Cinzia Fornai, Christine Tardieu, Philip Hopley, Martin Haeusler, Michel Toussaint

{"title":"The partial skeleton StW 431 from Sterkfontein - Is it time to rethink the Plio-Pleistocene hominin diversity in South Africa?","authors":"Gabriele A Macho, Cinzia Fornai, Christine Tardieu, Philip Hopley, Martin Haeusler, Michel Toussaint","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98020","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of the nearly complete Plio-Pleistocene skeleton StW 573 Australopithecus prometheus from Sterkfontein Member 2, South Africa, has intensified debates as to whether Sterkfontein Member 4 contains a hominin species other than Australopithecus africanus. For example, it has recently been suggested that the partial skeleton StW 431 should be removed from the A. africanus hypodigm and be placed into A. prometheus. Here we re-evaluate this latter proposition, using published information and new comparative data. Although both StW 573 and StW 431 are apparently comparable in their arboreal (i.e., climbing) and bipedal adaptations, they also show significant morphological differences. Surprisingly, StW 431 cannot be unequivocally aligned with either StW 573 or other hominins from Sterkfontein commonly attributed to A. africanus (nor with Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus sediba). This finding, together with considerations about the recent dating of Plio-Pleistocene hominin-bearing sites in South Africa and palaeoecological/palaeoclimatic conditions, raises questions whether it is justified to subsume hominins from Taung, Makapansgat and Sterkfontein (and Gladysvale) within a single taxon. Given the wealth of fossil material and analytical techniques now available, we call for a re-evaluation of the taxonomy of South African Plio-Pleistocene hominins. Such an endeavour should however go beyond the current (narrow) focus on establishing an A. africanus-A. prometheus dichotomy.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38391896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Another interpretation of Homo antecessor. 对“祖先人”的另一种解释。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98016

Francesc Ribot Trafí, Mario García Bartual, Eulalia García-Nos, Alfredo José Altamirano Enciso, Alexander J Nevgloski, Qian Wang

引用次数: 0

Breaking through the Aquitaine frame: A re-evaluationon the significance of regional variants during theAurignacian as seen from a key record in southern Europe 突破阿基坦框架:从南欧关键记录看奥日尼亚期区域变异的意义

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98021

Armando Falcucci, Nicholas J Conard, Marco Peresani

{"title":"Breaking through the Aquitaine frame: A re-evaluation\u0000on the significance of regional variants during the\u0000Aurignacian as seen from a key record in southern Europe","authors":"Armando Falcucci, Nicholas J Conard, Marco Peresani","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98021","url":null,"abstract":"The cultural dynamics that led to the appearance of the Aurignacian have intrigued archaeologists since the start of Paleolithic research. However, cultural reconstructions have often focused on a restricted region of Europe, namely the northern Aquitaine Basin. The Mediterranean Basin, though, is also a region worthy of consideration when testing if the Protoaurignacian was followed by the Early Aurignacian adaptive system. Fumane Cave is a pivotal site for tackling this issue because it contains evidence of repeated human occupations during the time span of the European Aurignacian. Here we investigate the diachronic variability of the lithic assemblages from five cultural units at Fumane Cave using a combination of reduction sequence and attribute analyses. This paper also reassesses the presence and stratigraphic reliability of the organic artifacts recovered at Fumane Cave. Our results show that the features of the Protoaurignacian techno-typology are present throughout the stratigraphic sequence, and by extension, to the onset of Heinrich Event 4. Additionally, the appearance of split-based points in the youngest phase is evidence of extensive networks that allowed this technological innovation to spread across different Aurignacian regions.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":"99-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38733108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Frontal bone virtual reconstruction and geometric morphometric analysis of the mid-Pleistocene hominin KNM-OG 45500 (Olorgesailie, Kenya). 中更新世古人类KNM-OG 45500 (Olorgesailie, Kenya)的额骨虚拟重建与几何形态分析

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98022

Tommaso Mori, Antonio Profico, Hugo Reyes-Centeno, Katerina Harvati

{"title":"Frontal bone virtual reconstruction and geometric morphometric analysis of the mid-Pleistocene hominin KNM-OG 45500 (Olorgesailie, Kenya).","authors":"Tommaso Mori, Antonio Profico, Hugo Reyes-Centeno, Katerina Harvati","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98022","url":null,"abstract":"KNM-OG 45500 is a hominin fossil composed of parts of a frontal bone, left temporal bone, and cranial vault pieces. Since its discovery along the Olorgesailie Formation (Kenya) in 2003, it has been associated with the Homo erectus hypodigm. The specimen, derived from a geological context dated to ca. 900 Ka BP, has been described as a very small individual of probable female sex. However, despite its status as an important hominin specimen, it has not been used in a quantitative comparative framework because of its fragmentary condition. Here, we undertake a virtual reconstruction of the better-preserved fragment, the frontal bone. We additionally apply geometric morphometric analyses, using a geographically diverse fossil and modern human sample, in order to investigate the morphological affinities of KNM-OG 45500. Our results show that the frontal shape of KNM-OG 45500 exhibits similarities with Early Pleistocene fossils from Eurasia and Africa that are assigned to H. erectus sensu lato (s.l.). Its size, on the other hand, is notably smaller than most other Homo erectus fossils and modern humans and similar to the specimens from Dmanisi (Georgia) and to Homo naledi. Taken together, our analyses of the frontal bone suggest a taxonomic attribution of KNM-OG 45500 to H. erectus s.l. and extend even further the range of size variability associated with this taxon around 900 Ka BP.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":"49-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38733109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Sex differences in bonobo (Pan paniscus) terrestriality: implications for human evolution. 倭黑猩猩(Pan paniscus)陆地性的性别差异:对人类进化的启示。

IF 1.8 2区社会学

Journal of Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4436/JASS.98019

Frances J White, Colin M Brand, Alexana J Hickmott, India R Minton

{"title":"Sex differences in bonobo (Pan paniscus) terrestriality: implications for human evolution.","authors":"Frances J White, Colin M Brand, Alexana J Hickmott, India R Minton","doi":"10.4436/JASS.98019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4436/JASS.98019","url":null,"abstract":"Recent finds in hominin fossil environments place the transition to terrestriality in a wooded or forested habitat. Therefore, forest-dwelling apes can aid in understanding this important evolutionary transition. Sex differences in ape locomotion have been previously attributed to sexual dimorphism or ecological niche differences between males and females. This study examined the hypothesis that differential advantages of terrestrial travel may impact mating success in male bonobos. We examined whether males are more terrestrial when there are mating benefits for fast travel. We analyzed behavioral data on wild bonobos over a ten-month period in the Lomako Forest, DRC and examined the proportion of time spent at lower heights compared to higher heights between adult females and males relative to their location to feeding contexts with high mating frequencies. We found a significant interaction between sex and height class away from food patches (F=4.65, df =1, p <0.05) such that females were primarily arboreal whereas there was no difference between males across height classes. However, there was also a significant interaction between sex and height class (F =29.35, df =1, p <0.0001) for adults traveling near or entering a food patch. Males often arrived at food patches terrestrially and females arrived almost exclusively arboreally. We found a significant difference between the expected and observed distribution of matings by food patch context (G =114.36, df =4, p <0.0001) such that most mating occurred near or in a food patch. These results suggest that males may travel terrestrially to arrive at food patches before cohesive parties of females arrive arboreally, in order to compete with other males for mating access to these females. Such intrasexual selection for sex differences in locomotion may be important in considerations of the evolution of locomotion strategies in hominins in a forested environment.","PeriodicalId":48668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anthropological Sciences","volume":"98 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38391895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1