Current Forestry Reports最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Tree Performance Through Species Mixing: Review of a Quarter-Century of TreeDivNet Experiments Reveals Research Gaps and Practical Insights","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00208-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00208-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Purpose of Review</h3> <p>International ambitions for massive afforestation and restoration are high. To make these investments sustainable and resilient under future climate change, science is calling for a shift from planting monocultures to mixed forests. But what is the scientific basis for promoting diverse plantations, and what is the feasibility of their establishment and management? As the largest global network of tree diversity experiments, TreeDivNet is uniquely positioned to answer these pressing questions. Building on 428 peer-reviewed TreeDivNet studies, combined with the results of a questionnaire completed by managers of 32 TreeDivNet sites, we aimed to answer the following questions: (i) How and where have TreeDivNet experiments enabled the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance (including productivity, survival, and pathogen damage) to be studied, and what has been learned? (ii) What are the remaining key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance? and (iii) What practical insights can be gained from the TreeDivNet experiments for operational, real-world forest plantations?</p> </span> <span> <h3>Recent Findings</h3> <p>We developed a conceptual framework that identifies the variety of pathways through which target tree performance is related to local neighbourhood diversity and mapped the research efforts for each of those pathways. Experimental research on forest mixtures has focused primarily on direct tree diversity effects on productivity, with generally positive effects of species and functional diversity on productivity. Fewer studies focused on indirect effects mediated via biotic growing conditions (e.g. soil microbes and herbivores) and resource availability and uptake. Most studies examining light uptake found positive effects of species diversity. For pests and diseases, the evidence points mostly towards lower levels of infection for target trees when growing in mixed plantations. Tree diversity effects on the abiotic growing conditions (e.g. microclimate, soil properties) and resource-use efficiency have been less well studied to date. The majority of tree diversity experiments are situated in temperate forests, while (sub)tropical forests, and boreal forests in particular, remain underrepresented.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Summary</h3> <p>TreeDivNet provides evidence in favour of mixing tree species to increase tree productivity while identifying a variety of different processes that drive these diversity effects. The design, scale, age, and management of TreeDivNet experiments reflect their focus on fundamental research questions pertaining to tree diversity-ecosystem function relationships and this scientific focus complicates translation of findings into direct practical management guidelines. Future research could focus on (i) filling the knowledge gaps related to underlying processes of tree diversity effects ","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Forests as Nature-Based Solutions: a Comprehensive Overview of the National Forest City Action in China","authors":"Cheng Wang, Jiali Jin, Clive Davies, Wendy Y. Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40725-024-00213-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-024-00213-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>In tandem with China’s rapid urbanisation and economic growth, some negative impacts on the eco-environment and human wellbeing have arisen, such as the urban heat island effect, air pollution and lack of recreational spaces. To address the degradation of urban eco-environment and improve residents’ quality of life simultaneously, China’s central government launched the National Forest City action in 2004, which essentially promotes urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF-NBS) and contributes to achieving sustainable development goals. Whilst this key national action has been implemented for about two decades, it has received limited scholarly attention within and beyond China. This paper is the very first to summarise comprehensively the development of the action, focusing on its rationale, evaluation and management.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>By establishing urban forests as cost-effective solutions to various environmental and social issues, the action integrates novel knowledge and best practices accumulated in Europe and North America into China’s traditional ideology, pertinent to the human-nature relationship in urban landscape design, and further adapts and renovates these to the country’s unique socioeconomic context. It highlights the multi-functionality of urban forests underpinned by a set of key performance indicators covering both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the National Forest City’s planning, construction, management and review. Additionally, it reflects a dynamic interaction within the science-policy-practice continuum hinged on field experiments, knowledge transfer, public engagement, policy agenda and greening actions. Challenges, such as unbalanced geographical distribution and KPIs on ecological integrity and functionality of urban forests, should be addressed for further refining and scaling-up this action.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>China’s National Forest City action promotes UF-NBS as a pathway to sustainable urbanisation, serving as a demonstrative exemplar for other developing and developed countries that may wish to avoid their dependence on traditional development pathways. This paper sheds light on how to implement urban forests as effective and sustainable NBS to addresses global societal challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139551100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biosecurity Risks of International Forest Tree Seed Movements","authors":"Iva Franić, Michelle Cleary, Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya, Helena Bragança, Guro Brodal, Thomas L. Cech, Anne Chandelier, Tuğba Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi, René Eschen, Asko Lehtijärvi, Michael Ormsby, Simone Prospero, Katharina Schwanda, Katarzyna Sikora, Hanna Szmidla, Venche Talgø, Miłosz Tkaczyk, Anna Maria Vettraino, Ana Perez-Sierra","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00211-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00211-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Because tree seeds have been considered a low-risk pathway for the spread of plant pathogenic fungi, their international movement is not subject to strict phytosanitary regulation. However, recent studies have provided scientific evidence that the biosecurity risk of seed trade may not be as negligible as assumed. This review summarises current knowledge about seed trade activity across the world and seed-borne plant pathogenic fungi and highlights knowledge gaps that need to be filled to mitigate the risk of spreading tree pathogens via seeds.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Several outbreaks of severe tree diseases in natural forests and plantations worldwide have been linked to fungal pathogens spread by seed trade. Indeed, recent studies based on modern sequencing technologies have shown that tree seeds harbour highly diverse fungal communities, including well-known pathogens and fungal taxa belonging to unknown species. While it has become clear that even apparently healthy seeds can carry potentially pathogenic fungi, the likelihood of seed-borne pathogens being introduced and becoming established, spreading and causing impact in the new environment is still unclear which challenges the assessment of the phytosanitary risk posed by seed trade.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Our analyses show that large amounts of tree seeds have been traded among countries and continents. Based on published literature, the risk of spreading pathogenic fungi via tree seed movement is high. However, the role of the taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal communities associated with seeds is still poorly understood. In particular, more research is needed to assess the likelihood of seed-borne fungi being transmitted to the seedlings and spreading and causing impact in the new environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139059804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological Functions and Management of Large Wood in Fluvial Systems","authors":"Piet F. M. Verdonschot, Ralf C. M. Verdonschot","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00209-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00209-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the functional role of large wood in the functioning of fluvial ecosystems, ranging from the scale of microhabitats to entire catchments. To this purpose, this review is structured according to the major ecosystem processes occurring at different spatial scales, ranging from the microhabitat scale, e.g. the internal processes of organic matter breakdown by microbes, to the catchment scale, e.g. the catchment-scale-processes of water flow, sediment transport, and nutrient fluxes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Recent research increasingly shows that dead wood drives a complex of multi-scaled processes. The role of large wood as a channel structuring entity and a driver of hydromorphological functioning is well known, but the importance of large wood at higher spatial scales has not been fully acknowledged. This encompasses the importance of large wood in enhancing multiple channel — floodplain interactions by creating a dynamic exchange of matter (water, sediments, nutrients) and energy. It also strengthens the water retention and storage capacity of rivers, attenuating floods and droughts and plays an important role in sediment, nutrient and organic matter interception, and processing. All these attributes contribute to ecosystem complexity and functioning, as well as providing valuable ecosystem services. Furthermore, large wood also acts as an important dispersal vector which, together with the multiple scale processes, promotes biodiversity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Recognising the multiple scale spatial and temporal processes acting in, around, and induced by large wood can strongly support future fluvial management, especially regarding the re-introduction and way of installing of large wood in rivers. As large wood management is context-dependent, research should focus on catchment specific processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138770961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenges of Sustainable Forest Operations in Amazonia","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00210-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00210-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Purpose of Review</h3> <p>The goal of this review was to determine what constitutes current challenges in effectively implementing sustainable forest operations in Amazonia. Next, succinctly characterize these challenges into comprehensive well-defined areas. Then ascertain the solutions provided in the literature. Lastly, after a thorough assessment, present potential directions to assist foresters, land managers, researchers, and loggers to build a consensus on what is necessary to achieve sustainable forest operations in Amazonia.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Recent Findings</h3> <p>Illegal logging is a pervasive threat to the credibility of the forest sector with 38% of all logged area in the Brazilian Amazon illegal, which undermines legitimate logging operations through an unfair competitive advantage. One solution is the application of near infrared spectroscopy which has shown promise in determining species and potentially the region of origin. This same technology is also being refined for utilization in species differentiation between logging residues used in green energy, as some industries are species averse, whereas the same species may still be viable for energy generation. Recent models reveal that in the Brazilian Amazon the logging cycle is too short and the cutting intensity too high. Moreover, tree age estimation, which is difficult in many Amazonian species, can now be determined through radiocarbon analysis to determine sustainable cutting cycles.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Summary</h3> <p>Without increased onsite forest inspections and determination of timber origin, illegal logging will continue unabated. Stand damage from logging can easily be reduced through new models and programs that reduce logging infrastructure coverage. To avoid the depletion of timber stocking, the logging cycle must be increased to coincide with the slow growth realities of many species in the Amazon.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138714137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Stress Responses in Forest Environments: a Review of Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities","authors":"Magdalena Smigaj, Avinash Agarwal, Harm Bartholomeus, Mathieu Decuyper, Ahmed Elsherif, Arjen de Jonge, Lammert Kooistra","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00207-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00207-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>The successful application of thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing in the agricultural domain, largely driven by the arrival of new platforms and sensors that substantially increased thermal data resolution and availability, has sparked interest in thermography as a tool for monitoring forest health. In this review, we take a step back to reflect on what physiological responses are reflected in leaf and canopy temperature and summarise research activities on TIR remote sensing of stress responses in forest environments, highlighting current methodological challenges, open questions, and promising opportunities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>This systematic literature review showed that whilst the focus still remains on satellite imagery, Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are playing an increasingly important role in testing the capabilities and sensitivity to stress onset at the individual tree level. To date, drought stress has been the focal point of research, largely due to its direct link to stomatal functioning at leaf level. Though, research into thermal responses to other stressors, e.g. pathogens, is also gaining momentum.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Disentangling stress-induced canopy temperature variations from environmental factors and structural influences remains the main challenge for broader application of TIR remote sensing. Further development and testing of approaches for thermal data analysis, including their applicability for different tree species and sensitivity under different climatic conditions, are required to establish how TIR remote sensing can best complement existing forest health monitoring approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood Building Construction: Trends and Opportunities in Structural and Envelope Systems","authors":"Pierre Blanchet, Cédric Perez, Matheus Roberto Cabral","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00196-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00196-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>The main goal of this study was to review the latest developments in the use of wood-based building materials and systems over the last 5 years. The methodology was carried out by using the systematic review procedure. This study considered only peer-reviewed articles written in English published over the last 5 years (2018 to 2022) on materials used in structural systems and building envelopes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>The energy demand for cooling and heating represents from 40 to 60% of a building’s energy consumption depending on the energy mix. Every increase in energy efficiency increases the pressure on the energy embedded in the materials. In this context, bio-based and especially wood-based materials are gaining popularity. Their use is significant in structural and envelope systems, making them a powerful tool for working on both efficiency and embedded energy. Furthermore, the building construction industry is among the most significant in the economy of industrialized countries.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Forests are a carbon asset for our societies. Since buildings have been identified as a global warming mitigation tool, an increase in the use of wood and bio-based products should be considered. To support a better scientific understanding of building carbon sequestration under climate changes, a thorough understanding of structural and envelope systems is needed. Various materials are used in these complex systems, and a variety of assembly options are available. In structural systems, research has tended to be incremental over the last 5 years, with a focus on prefabrication and hybrid structures. As new designs and materials are introduced in the future, building physics principles will become increasingly important to ensure the quality of building envelopes. This review presents the latest research related to wood structural and envelope systems to support their use in the construction industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138491884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Cover Forestry and Remote Sensing: A Review of Knowledge Gaps, Challenges, and Potential Directions","authors":"Jaz Stoddart, Juan Suarez, William Mason, Ruben Valbuena","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00206-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00206-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is a sustainable management approach for forestry in which forest stands are manipulated to create irregular stand structures with varied species composition. This approach differs greatly from the traditional approaches of plantation-based forestry, in which uniform monocultures are maintained, and thus, traditional methods of assessment, such as productivity (yield class) calculations, are less applicable. This creates a need to identify new methods to succeed the old and be of use in operational forestry and research. By applying remote sensing techniques to CCF, it may be possible to identify novel solutions to the challenges introduced through the adoption of CCF.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>There has been a limited amount of work published on the applications of remote sensing to CCF in the last decade. Research can primarily be characterised as explorations of different methods to quantify the target state of CCF and monitor indices of stand structural complexity during transformation to CCF, using terrestrial and aerial data collection techniques.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>We identify a range of challenges associated with CCF and outline the outstanding gaps within the current body of research in need of further investigation, including a need for the development of new inventory methods using remote sensing techniques. We identify methods, such as individual tree models, that could be applied to CCF from other complex, heterogenous forest systems and propose the wider adoption of remote sensing including information for interested parties to get started.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138085766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forestry in the Face of Global Change: Results of a Global Survey of Professionals","authors":"Austin Himes, Jürgen Bauhus, Shankar Adhikari, Saroj Kanta Barik, Hugh Brown, Andreas Brunner, Philip J. Burton, Lluís Coll, Anthony W. D’Amato, Jurij Diaci, Yonten Dorji, Ernest G. Foli, David J. Ganz, Jefferson S. Hall, Rodney Keenan, Yuanchang Lu, Christian Messier, Ian Munanura, Daniel Piotto, Thomas Seifert, Douglas Sheil, Ekaterina Shorohova, Kibruyesfa Sisay, Daniel Soto, Hiroshi Tanaka, Peter Umunay, Alejandro Velázquez-Martínez, Klaus J. Puettmann","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00205-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00205-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Forests support most global terrestrial biodiversity and contribute to the livelihood of billions of people, but these and other benefits are in jeopardy due to global change. This leads to questions, such as how to address the challenges of global change in forest management, given the lack of knowledge and deep uncertainty about future developments. In addition, many of the impediments to implement adaptation strategies are unknown.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Here, we present an overview of results from a global survey of 754 forestry professionals (370 researchers and educators, 227 practicing foresters, 37 policymakers, 64 administrators, and 56 with other or unspecified roles) from 61 countries across 6 continents who were interested in global change issues. These professionals were asked about their opinion regarding three different adaptation strategies: <i>resist</i>, <i>adapt</i>, and <i>transform</i>. Most respondents agreed that the majority of global change factors will negatively influence the ability of forests to provide desired ecosystem services. Similarly, they agreed about major challenges when implementing adaptation strategies and specifically whether our current knowledge base is sufficient. These concerns were not limited to ecological aspects, but respondents also highlighted the need for a better appreciation of social/political and economic barriers, especially regarding transformation strategies. In addition, the response patterns, including differences due to economic status, highlight the importance of developing and evaluating adaptation strategies in a local social–ecological context.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Our study demonstrates a widespread perception on the part of forestry professionals around the world, especially among researchers and practitioners, that many global change factors will affect sustainable forest management negatively, resulting in the need for active silvicultural adaption. The results also suggest potential barriers to different adaptation strategies, particularly a relative lack of information and social acceptance for <i>transform</i> strategies. Further, this study highlights the importance of social and political factors and the need to understand the general public’s values regarding adaptation strategies as well as how the influence of public opinion is perceived by forest managers.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91398625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Global Review on Innovative, Sustainable, and Effective Materials Composing Growing Media for Forest Seedling Production","authors":"Barbara Mariotti, Juan A. Oliet, Enrique Andivia, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Pedro Villar-Salvador, Vladan Ivetić, Antonio Montagnoli, Ivona Kerkez Janković, Nebi Bilir, Henrik Bohlenius, Branislav Cvjetković, Kārlis Dūmiņš, Juha Heiskanen, Georgi Hinkov, Inger Sundheim Fløistad, Claudia Cocozza","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00204-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00204-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>The demand for forest tree seedlings is increasing globally, and <i>Sphagnum</i> peat moss is widely used as a component of growing media for container plant production. However, peat extraction is environmentally unsustainable. The forest nursery sector needs to switch to more sustainable alternatives to peat. This review aims to identify potential substitutes for peat by reviewing the worldwide literature on alternative materials for growing media in forest nurseries.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Most studies on alternative growing media focused on single plant species growing under local conditions, thereby limiting generalizations about the effectiveness of alternative materials for plant production. To our knowledge, no systematic reviews of scientific literature on the effectiveness of new, alternative-to-peat materials for enhancing plant growth and the associated growing media characteristics for the forest nursery sector are currently available.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Most of the analyzed case studies focused on angiosperms (73.1%), with the majority of studies coming from tropical seasonal forests/savannas (36.5%), followed by woodlands/shrublands (31.6%), and temperate forests (15.0%) biomes. Compost was the most studied material (19.5%), followed by bark, other organic materials, and manure (9.8, 9.7, and 8.0%, respectively). Green and municipal wastes were the principal sources of compost (&gt; 60%), while agriculture and green wastes were the first sources of other materials (&gt; 90%). Tested materials were dependent on the geographic region. Thus, manure was the most tested material in Africa and South America, tree bark in North America, and compost in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Alternative materials effectively provided optimal physicochemical characteristics of growing media and enhanced seedling nursery growth when compared with peat-based growing media in more than 60% of the case studies. This review helps to identify research gaps and, most importantly, provides the basis for the future application of alternative growing media materials in forest nursery management worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71435586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}