Animal Frontiers最新文献_第4页

Meat: the edible flesh from mammals only or does it include poultry, fish, and seafood? 肉：仅哺乳动物的可食用肉，还是包括家禽、鱼类和海鲜？

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017.0437

Xue Zhang, C. Owens, M. Schilling

引用次数: 17

Developmental programming: What mom eats matters! 发展性编程:妈妈吃什么很重要!

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017.0121

S. Zinn, K. Govoni, K. Vonnahme

引用次数: 1

How mom’s diet affects offspring growth and health through modified stem cell function 母亲的饮食如何通过改变干细胞功能影响后代的生长和健康

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017-0125

S. Reed, K. Govoni

引用次数: 10

Issues and opportunities to capitalize on increased litter size in hill country sheep farming systems—a New Zealand perspective 在山地羊养殖系统中利用产仔数增加的问题和机会——一个新西兰的视角

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017-0126

S. McCoard

引用次数: 5

Developmental programming and beef production 发展规划和牛肉生产

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017-0127

P. Greenwood, E. Clayton, A. Bell

{"title":"Developmental programming and beef production","authors":"P. Greenwood, E. Clayton, A. Bell","doi":"10.2527/AF.2017-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2017-0127","url":null,"abstract":"The embryonic, fetal, and neonatal periods are the stages of life when most developmental processes occur and when cellular, tissue, organ, metabolic, and hormonal systems are established. Livestock scientists have been studying the consequences of maternal nutrition on growth and development during fetal life for the productivity of ruminants for many decades. However, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in how to manage breeding females and their offspring to either minimize the consequences of adverse environmental effects or to enhance productivity and efficiency. The idea that maternal nutrition at various stages of pregnancy can indelibly influence lifetime productivity and health of progeny has gained additional currency from more recent epidemiological studies of human populations and detailed experimental studies of rodents as well as livestock species (Greenwood et al., 2009a). These observations have formed the basis of the so-called “developmental origins hypothesis” as originally proposed by the British epidemiologist David Barker and his colleagues (Barker, 2007). Severe, prolonged undernutrition of pregnant ruminants, especially during late gestation, can permanently retard body and wool growth of their offspring (Greenwood et al., 2009a). The evidence for effects of prenatal nutrition on postnatal development of a wide variety of tissues directly related to the production of meat, milk, and wool, as well as reproduction, is now indisputable. However, despite the unqualified excitement of some researchers for these demonstrated phenomena, understanding of their quantitative significance for the productivity and management of livestock production systems is limited and requires further research. In this article, we provide a brief overview of current understanding and commercial relevance of observed postnatal responses to the management of breeding herds and discuss some future directions for research on developmental programming in beef cattle and other livestock species. More detailed summaries and interpretation of the current evidence for developmental programming in livestock is provided in recent reviews by Robinson et al. (2013), Kenyon and Blair (2014), Bell and Greenwood (2016), and Sinclair et al. (2016).","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2017-0127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Developmental programming in equine species: relevance for the horse industry 马种的发展规划：与马产业的相关性

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017-0128

P. Chavatte-Palmer, P. Peugnet, M. Robles

引用次数: 5

Optimizing livestock production efficiency through maternal nutritional management and fetal developmental programming 通过母体营养管理和胎儿发育规划优化牲畜生产效率

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017-0122

M. Du, S. Ford, Mei J. Zhu

引用次数: 33

Livestock as models for developmental programming 牲畜作为发展规划的模型

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017-0123

L. Reynolds, K. Vonnahme

{"title":"Livestock as models for developmental programming","authors":"L. Reynolds, K. Vonnahme","doi":"10.2527/AF.2017-0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2017-0123","url":null,"abstract":"Infants that are growth-restricted or developmentally compromised (e.g., altered development of specific organs such as the heart or coronary blood vessels) have an increased risk of health complications, not just as infants, but throughout their lives. The health complications include pathological conditions like metabolic disease (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity) as well as poor immune function, poor reproductive function, poor cognitive function, and pervasive developmental disorders (e.g., autism spectrum). This concept has been named Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, or developmental programming (Armitage et al., 2004; Barker, 2004; Wu et al., 2006; Reynolds et al., 2010b; Reynolds and Caton, 2012; Vonnahme, 2012; Reynolds and Vonnahme, 2016). The basic idea is that a stimulus or insult that occurs in utero or during infancy can have lifelong effects on the health and well-being of an individual. Human epidemiological studies throughout the world have provided convincing support for the concept of developmental programming by showing a strong relationship between low birth weight, or other “developmental insults” such as exposure to stress-related hormones (including corticosteroids, which are widely used clinically to prepare the fetus for birth and to initiate delivery), and the subsequent risk of developing the range of pathologies mentioned in the previous paragraph as adults (Godfrey and Barker, 2000; Armitage et al., 2004; Barker, 2004; Luther et al., 2009; Wallace et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2006; Reynolds et al., 2010b; Reynolds and Caton, 2012; Vonnahme, 2012). As one example, Table 1 shows the strong relationship between birth weight and the odds of developing type 2 (adult onset) diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes) in men aged 59 to 70; for example, men who were born in the lowest birth weight category (< 5.5 lb or 2.5 kg) were almost 7 times more likely to develop these pathologies compared with those born in the highest birth weight category (>9.5 lb or 4.3 kg). These and the other pathologies mentioned above have a major impact on the quality of life and lifetime productivity and ultimately will reduce life expectancy. Many epidemiological studies in humans and controlled studies in animal models, including livestock, have identified a host of risk factors that provide the developmental insults that may lead to developmental programming. These risk factors include such things as lifestyle choices, various maternal factors, and environmental exposures (Table 2). Reducing the incidence or impact of such developmental insults has the potential to affect both the immediate survival and the lifelong health of an individual (Reynolds and Caton, 2012; Reynolds and Vonnahme, 2016). Whereas the initial epidemiological studies that led to the concept of developmental programming focused on individuals with low birth weight, we now know that birth weight per se is only a reflection of an Livestock a","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2017-0123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46989202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Investigating reproductive organ blood flow and blood perfusion to ensure healthy offspring 研究生殖器官血流和血流灌注以确保后代健康

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017-0124

C. Lemley

引用次数: 9

Future challenges feeding transgenic plants 未来的挑战喂食转基因植物

IF 3.6 2区农林科学

Animal Frontiers Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.2527/AF.2017.0114

G. Flachowsky, T. Reuter

{"title":"Future challenges feeding transgenic plants","authors":"G. Flachowsky, T. Reuter","doi":"10.2527/AF.2017.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2527/AF.2017.0114","url":null,"abstract":"Since humans made the transition from hunter-gatherers to agriculture, crops have been subject to anthropogenic selection in an effort to improve agronomic traits and nutritional quality. For almost 80 yr, diversity in agricultural crops has been promoted through indirect genetic mutation induced by exposure to radioactivity and/or chemicals. According to the FAO/ IAEA, more than 3,000 plant mutants are registered; with more than 2,000 modified plants being used for food and feed production, of which 1,400 are major staples (Ahloowalia et al., 2004; Kharkwal and Shu, 2009). In the last three decades, advances in molecular biology have made targetoriented gene transfer across the species barrier possible. The majority of first-generation commercialized genetically modified (GM) crops have been engineered for enhanced agronomic performance through transformation with genes encoding either herbicide tolerance, pest resistance, or both (Flachowsky and Aulrich, 2001). The cultivation of GM crops has become the subject of global controversy over their safety, trade, regulation, and implications for the environment throughout all sectors of society. In 1996, the first GM crops serving as major feedstuffs for livestock entered the North American market. These included herbicide-tolerant soybeans and canola and pest-protected corn. From 1996 to 2015, the cultivated area of GM crops increased more than 100-fold to 180 million ha globally (James, 2015). Regulations concerning GM plants were established by major international organizations prior to their commercialization, including the policy of substantial equivalence, which was first introduced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 1993) and was adopted by both the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most appropriate regulatory framework (FAO/WHO, 2000). Substantial equivalence was based on comparison of GM plants to an appropriate conventional counterpart from which the GM line was derived. Once defined plant traits had been deemed equivalent between the two lines, the novel transgenic trait became the focus of the safety assessment. With the 20-yr anniversary, detailed information about commercial cultivation, the feeding qualities of GM crops for livestock, and their nutritional evaluation have been reviewed previously by academia (e.g., Flachowsky, 2013; van Eenennaam and Young, 2014; Nicolia et al., 2014; Smyth et al., 2015; Flachowsky and Meyer, 2015; Harvie, 2015; Watson and Preedy, 2015; Brookes and Barfoot 2015, 2016; Panchin and Tuzhikow, 2016; Qaim 2016) and scientific bodies (e.g., JRC, 2016; NASEM, 2016; The Royal Society, 2016) analyzing socio-economic effects of cultivation, related environmental aspects, and the impact on human and animal health.","PeriodicalId":48645,"journal":{"name":"Animal Frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2527/AF.2017.0114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6