Water Resources and Economics最新文献_第8页

Not your typical rate structure change: Heterogeneous water demand responses 不是典型的费率结构变化:不同的用水需求反应

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100183

B. Stitzel , C.L. Rogers

{"title":"Not your typical rate structure change: Heterogeneous water demand responses","authors":"B. Stitzel , C.L. Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates behavioral responses to a complicated and peculiar change in a municipality's water rate structure. In 2006, the City of Norman, Oklahoma Water Utility added a four-dollar fixed fee, reduced the number of block-rate tiers, and changed the rate structure from one that decreased and then increased across higher consumption block groups, to a strictly increasing rate structure. The changes in the volumetric rates were not uniform across the block rates. Customers at ultra-low volumes of consumption faced a one-penny reduction in their volumetric rate but experienced a large increase in total and average cost of water due to the addition of the relatively large fixed fee. In contrast, higher-volume users faced a less severe increase in the total and average charge per gallon consumed. To address the co-determination of average water charge and consumption choice, we estimate separate regressions for households grouped by pre-price change demand and the block group of last gallon consumed. Using detailed, monthly panel data for 23,408 residential water customers from 2002 to 2010 and a variety of model specifications, our results highlight heterogeneous responses across consumption groups. Ultra-low users responded to the price-regime change by increasing consumption whereas higher-volume users reduced consumption. Behavioral responses were found to be greater in the longer-run than shorter-run as expected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2021.100183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46737950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

COVID-19 and handwashing: Implications for water use in Sub-Saharan Africa COVID-19与洗手:对撒哈拉以南非洲用水的影响

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100189

Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah , Rebecca Afua Klege , Philip Kofi Adom , Gunnar Köhlin

{"title":"COVID-19 and handwashing: Implications for water use in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah , Rebecca Afua Klege , Philip Kofi Adom , Gunnar Köhlin","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Because the main modes of transmission of the COVID-19 virus are respiration and contact, WHO recommends frequent washing of hands with soap under running water for at least 20 s. This article investigates how the level of concern about COVID-19 affects the likelihood of washing hands frequently in sub-Saharan Africa. We discuss the implication of the findings for water-scarce environment. The study makes use of a unique survey dataset from 12 sub-Saharan African countries collected in April 2020 (first round) and May 2020 (second round) and employs an extended ordered probit model with endogenous covariate. The results show that the level of concern about the spread of the virus increases the likelihood of washing hands with soap under running water for a minimum of 20 s at least five times a day. The increase in the probability of handwashing due to concern about COVID-19, ranges from 3% for Benin to 6.3% for South Africa. The results also show heterogeneous effects across gender- and age-groups, locality and various water sources. However, in Africa, the sustainability of the handwashing protocol could be threatened by the severe water scarcity that exists in the region. To sustain frequent handwashing, sub-Saharan Africa needs an effective strategy for water management and supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8563594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10382413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The impact of water conservation regulations on mining firms: A stochastic control approach 水资源保护条例对矿业公司的影响:随机控制方法

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100185

Yichun Huang , Margaret Insley

引用次数: 0

Spatial analysis of water quality and income in Europe 欧洲水质与收入的空间分析

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100182

Erik Brockwell , Katarina Elofsson , George Marbuah , Sandra Nordmark

{"title":"Spatial analysis of water quality and income in Europe","authors":"Erik Brockwell , Katarina Elofsson , George Marbuah , Sandra Nordmark","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between water quality and income within the European Union, considering spatial interdependences across countries. To this end, we apply a spatial econometrics framework using panel data, at the national level, for twenty EU countries across seventeen years, 1998 to 2014. Furthermore, we account for the role of human and livestock population size, institutional quality and economic openness for water quality. Results show that a significant EKC relationship is seen with an inverted <em>N</em>-shaped relationship between income and water quality. Water quality is decreasing in income for low income levels, increasing in income when GDP per capita for medium income levels, and deteriorating for high income levels. Eight out of twenty countries have income levels associated with a declining water quality. Spatial spillovers between countries are significant. Higher livestock density levels are associated with lower levels of water quality, while institutional quality and openness to trade are positively associated with water quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2021.100182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Dynamic water pricing and the risk adjusted user cost (RAUC) 动态水价与风险调整用户成本(RAUC)

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100181

Long Chu, R. Quentin Grafton

引用次数: 2

Saving water at Cape Town schools by using smart metering and behavioral change 通过使用智能计量和行为改变来节约开普敦学校的用水

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2020.100175

Martine Visser , M.J. Booysen , Johanna M. Brühl , Kenneth J. Berger

引用次数: 5

The Cape Town drought: A study of the combined effectiveness of measures implemented to prevent “Day Zero” 开普敦旱灾:预防“归零日”的综合措施有效性研究

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100177

Johanna Brühl , Martine Visser

引用次数: 13

The interconnection between water quality level and health status: An analysis of Escherichia Coli contamination and drinking water from Nepal 水质水平与健康状况之间的相互关系:尼泊尔饮用水中大肠杆菌污染的分析

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100179

Mohammad Mashiur Rahman , Samrat B. Kunwar , Alok K. Bohara

{"title":"The interconnection between water quality level and health status: An analysis of Escherichia Coli contamination and drinking water from Nepal","authors":"Mohammad Mashiur Rahman , Samrat B. Kunwar , Alok K. Bohara","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Health outcomes can be remarkably dependent on the quality of drinking water. This study employs primary survey data collected in May 10 – July 27, 2016 to investigate the effects of water quality, measured by the presence of the </span><em>Escherichia Coli</em> (E. Coli) bacteria, on the health outcomes of households in Nepal. The health outcomes are based on the self-reported health status as well as the actual health condition of the members of the household. The novel contribution of this paper is that we investigate the health impacts of water quality by considering water quality itself as an intermediary process that could be affected by factors like household's cleanliness behaviors and hygienic infrastructures. Using a control function approach to account for potential endogeneity issues, the results indicate a significant effect of <em>E. coli</em> on the health status of individuals. Findings indicate the difference in expected diarrheal incidence to be about 0.913 units higher when <em>E. coli</em> is present in households' drinking water. The impact of <em>E. coli</em> is evident in both the self-reported health status and the actual health outcome, and the results hold across various empirical models and specifications. From a policy perspective, our results indicate the pressing need for policymakers to implement water quality tracking programs, and also to raise awareness among households regarding adequate cleanliness practices and hygiene infrastructures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2021.100179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46682066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Non-market values of water sensitive urban designs: A case study on rain gardens 水敏感型城市设计的非市场价值:以雨水花园为例

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100178

Md Sayed Iftekhar , Fan Zhang , Maksym Polyakov , James Fogarty , Michael Burton

引用次数: 9

Crop farming adaptation to droughts in small-scale dryland agriculture in Chile 智利小规模旱地农业的作物种植适应干旱

IF 2.2 3区经济学

Water Resources and Economics Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2021.100176

Felipe Zúñiga , Marcela Jaime , César Salazar

{"title":"Crop farming adaptation to droughts in small-scale dryland agriculture in Chile","authors":"Felipe Zúñiga , Marcela Jaime , César Salazar","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2021.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Small-scale agriculture is one of the fundamental economic sectors in Chile. An increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events due to climate change suggest a higher weather risk for the future, with potential consequences for crop choices. These effects are expected to be greater in dryland areas, where producers are more vulnerable to shocks and, therefore, less able to protect themselves against these risks. Using data from the 7th Chilean National Agriculture and </span>Forestry<span> Census, we explore small-scale farmers' cropland decisions as an adaptation strategy to cope with droughts. We use remote sensing<span> data to identify drought events and model the impact of droughts on farmers’ decisions using a multivariate fractional model. This model assumes that farmers allocate shares of land over a crop portfolio. Our findings show that farmers in dryland areas reduce high-risk cropping activities after recent drought shocks, choosing crops with shorter growing periods and lower capital and technological costs, such as cereals. However, we found a different cropland pattern in areas with a higher frequency of droughts. In these locations, farmers prefer legumes and tubers, </span></span></span>vineyards<span>, fruits and vegetables. Finally, maize and vineyards are more likely to be grown in places with higher temperatures. Results suggest potential crop adaptation strategies in the face of more arid environments in the future.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2021.100176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45549209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9