{"title":"The potential contribution of oyster management to water quality goals in the Chesapeake Bay","authors":"Nikolaos Mykoniatis , Richard Ready","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2020.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2020.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excess nutrients<span> have led to eutrophication<span><span> of the Chesapeake Bay<span>, USA. It has been suggested that oyster restoration can play an important role in achieving water quality goals in the Bay. An optimal control </span></span>bioeconomic<span> model is applied to the management of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, taking into account nutrient removal by the oysters. Optimal management of oyster harvests in the Bay reduces the cost of attaining water quality goals by 4–6% relative to an open access fishery. A “naïve” management optimization that maximizes discounted net revenues from oyster harvests but that does not take into account their nitrogen impacts performs almost as well as the fully optimal solution. Sensitivity analyses show that the optimal oyster harvest depends on the cost of reducing nitrogen loadings from point and nonpoint sources through best management practices. Further, denitrification by living oysters is a much more important process than nutrient removal through harvest.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2020.100167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45345322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WTP for water filters and water quality testing services in Guatemala","authors":"Todd Guilfoos , Sarah Hayden , Emi Uchida , Vinka Oyanedel-Craver","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We conduct a contingent valuation<span> study to estimate the willingness to pay<span> for a point-of-use water quality technology<span><span> and water quality testing services in the highlands of Guatemala. This study is unique in two ways: we measure drinking water quality at the household level through water samples collected at the household and we elicit the willingness to pay for water quality testing services. We find a significant divergence in subjects’ perceptions of water quality and the measured bacteria counts in their household water. This divergence is economically important as perceptions may play a significant role in willingness to pay for </span>water quality improvements.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2019.01.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41927181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflicting objectives in groundwater management","authors":"Pereau Jean-Christophe","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2018.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2018.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper studies the conflict between economic and environmental sustainability objectives faced by a water agency when she allocates water quotas to farmers. This conflict consists in a water allocation problem between the amount of water claimed by farmers to irrigate their crops and the water flows needed for the conservation and the preservation of the ecosystems. This conflict in objectives is analysed in a dynamic hydro-economic model in discrete-time using the viability approach. The viability kernel that defines the states of the resource yielding intertemporal feasible paths able to satisfy the set of constraints over time is analytically identified. The associated set of viable quota policies and the trade-off between </span>food production and ecosystem conservation objectives are characterized. The theoretical results of the paper are illustrated with numerical simulations based on the Western La Mancha aquifer in Spain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2018.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41996593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenni Miettinen , Markku Ollikainen , Mika Nieminen , Lauri Valsta
{"title":"Cost function approach to water protection in forestry","authors":"Jenni Miettinen , Markku Ollikainen , Mika Nieminen , Lauri Valsta","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) strongly emphasizes that all water polluting sectors must enhance the protection of water bodies in a cost-effective way. River Basin Management Plans need to be made to achieve a good environmental status for all water bodies by 2027 at the latest. This article examines three principal water protection measures used in forestry: buffer zones, overland flow fields and sedimentation ponds. We analytically develop marginal abatement cost functions for each of these measures and apply them numerically for the Finnish forestry. We find that the marginal abatement costs of nutrients using buffer zones in clear-cut mineral soil forests are very high, as they entail leaving financially mature and uncut trees. In contrast, the marginal costs of using overland flow fields in conjunction with ditch cleaning and clear-cutting in peatlands are very low. Furthermore, for sediments using overland flow fields as a water protection measure entails significantly lower abatement costs than does using sedimentation ponds in conjunction with ditch cleaning in peatland forests. A cost-effective solution in a river basin entails that the highest nutrient reductions are made in agriculture but that forestry also does its share. A cost-effective allocation of abatement measures entails that the proportions of the overall nutrient reduction are 3% (1%) in forestry and 97% (99%) in agriculture when the reduction target is set as 10% (30%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2019.100150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contributions to the International Water Resource Economics Consortium 13th annual meeting","authors":"Johannus A. Janmaat","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2020.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2020.100165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2020.100165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45632845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic valuation of supplemental irrigation via small-scale water harvesting","authors":"Francis Hypolite Kemeze","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2020.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2020.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Agriculture<span> in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries is predominantly rainfed, but SSA could develop greater dependence on supplemental irrigation<span> due to a changing climate with greater rainfall uncertainty and higher frequency of dry spells. Supplemental irrigation through small-scale water harvesting (SSWH) plays a vital role in helping rainfed small-scale farmers overcome the risk of dry spells and promotes greater investment in agriculture. This study employs a </span></span></span>contingent valuation<span><span><span> approach to estimate the demand for SSWH supplemental irrigation in Ghana. The study finds the mean willingness-to-pay estimates for SSWH supplemental irrigation to be GHC 25.36 (USD 6.67) per acre per season for open canal irrigation system and 24.76 (USD 6.52) per acre per season for pipeline irrigation system. Drought experience, access to credit, agricultural income, and </span>land ownership<span> are key determinants of the demand for SSWH supplemental irrigation. The findings are particularly important for pricing small-scale irrigation services from rainwater harvesting public </span></span>water reservoirs. The study recommends that investing in rainwater harvesting in rainfed agriculture should form a cornerstone of any country's strategy for adapting to drought, particularly in developing countries where rainfed agriculture plays an important economic role.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2020.100160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43443178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban water policy when environment inflows are uncertain","authors":"Hugh Sibly","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An urban water network with storage and uncertain environmental water inflows is modelled. This three period model is analytically tractable, and allows for a straightforward study of the relative economic impact of different policy regimes. The model is used to identify the water authority's first best pricing policy, and its relation to long run marginal cost pricing. The model is then used to identify the implications of adopting the most commonly used rationing method when environmental flows are uncertain: setting a smoothed priced (often LRMC exclusive of scarcity value) and using moral suasion, rather than pricing, to control the demand for water. The optimal manner to address water security is also addressed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2019.100149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Farmers′ preferences for reductions in flood risk under monetary and non-monetary payment modes","authors":"Ståle Navrud , Godwin K. Vondolia","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use a split-sample choice experiment to investigate the effects of alternative payment modes on the purchase of flood insurance among smallholder irrigation farmers in Ghana. Results show that insurance up-take is lower for insurance premium payments required in labour than comparable premiums required in harvest and money. The marginal willingness-to-pay for a one-year reduction in flood frequency is about 6 h in labour time, 30 kg in rice and 144 Ghana Cedis (US$37) per annum. The price elasticities of demand for flood insurance indicate an inelastic demand for insurance premiums under these three payment modes. In addition to revealing strong preferences for flood risk reduction among farmers in this region, these results imply that subsidy policies may be inadequate in increasing the purchase of weather insurance under these three payment modes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2019.100151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48133314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flood insurance demand and probability weighting: The influences of regret, worry, locus of control and the threshold of concern heuristic","authors":"Peter John Robinson , W.J.Wouter Botzen","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Low-lying densely populated areas can be susceptible to flooding<span> due to extreme river discharges. Insurance may be used to spread flood risk and reduce potential material damages. However, homeowners often purchase insufficient amounts of insurance against natural hazard risks like flooding, which may be due to the way they process probabilities. A common finding from (Cumulative) Prospect Theory is that individuals over-weight low probabilities and under-weight moderate to high probabilities in making decisions under risk. However, very low probabilities typical of flood risks are either significantly over-weighted or neglected altogether. This study aims to examine factors related to </span></span>flood insurance demand regarding emotions specific to risk, like immediate and anticipated emotions, the threshold level of concern as well as personality traits, like locus of control. In addition, we compare results under real experiment incentives to hypothetical ones with high loss outcomes. Based on data collected from 1041 homeowners in the Netherlands, we find that: an internal locus of control and anticipated regret about potentially uninsured flood losses is related to higher flood insurance demand. The use of the threshold of concern model is related to more probability under-weighting/less probability over-weighting when probabilities of flooding are low. Several policies are suggested to overcome psychological factors related to low demand for flood insurance to improve future flood preparations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2019.100144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41853179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily L. Pakhtigian , Marc Jeuland , Sanita Dhaubanjar , Vishnu Prasad Pandey
{"title":"Balancing intersectoral demands in basin-scale planning: The case of Nepal's western river basins","authors":"Emily L. Pakhtigian , Marc Jeuland , Sanita Dhaubanjar , Vishnu Prasad Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2019.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Basin-wide planning requires tools and strategies that allow comparison of alternative pathways and priorities at relevant spatial and temporal scales. In this paper, we apply a hydroeconomic model–the Western Nepal Energy Water Model–that better accounts for feedbacks between water and energy markets, to optimize water allocations across energy, </span>agriculture<span>, municipal, and environmental sectors. The model maximizes total economic benefits, accounting for trade-offs both within and across sectors. In Western Nepal, we find that surface water availability is generally sufficient to meet existing and growing demands in energy and agricultural sectors; however, expansion of water storage and irrigation infrastructure may limit environmental flows below levels needed to maintain the full integrity of important aquatic ecosystems. We also find substantial trade-offs between irrigation in Nepal and satisfaction of the institutional requirements implied by international water-use agreements with the downstream riparian India. Similar trade-offs do not exist with hydropower, however. Model results and allocations are sensitive to future domestic and international energy demands and valuations.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wre.2019.100152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43822727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}