Structures最新文献

{"title":"Multi-factors effects on developments of bond behaviors between the high-strength grout and steel rebar and its optimization","authors":"Lianglin Liu ,&nbsp;Xi Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xia Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to its brittleness, splitting failure may occur in the specimens of pull-out experiments, causing a great risk of failure to investigate purposes. Taking the embedded length of steel rebar and its diameter, elevated temperature and lateral confinement into account, an investigation was carried out to study the bond behaviors between the high-strength grout and steel rebar. It was found that the failure patterns of the pull-out specimens included splitting failure, bond failure, and steel-rebar fracture using a newly built theoretical method called the Failure Pattern Identification Method (FPIM). For the pull-out specimens with a steel rebar diameter of 16 mm, the transition from splitting failure to bond failure and from bond failure to steel-rebar fracture occurred at the critical embedment lengths of the steel rebars of three and six times diameter of the steel rebar, respectively. The diameter of steel rebar had an obvious effect on the bond behavior between the high-strength grout and steel rebar. The Scalar Stiffness Degradation (SDEG) from Abaqus software could be used to evaluate the interfacial damage states of the pull-out specimens. Through stirrup layout design by FPIM to avoid splitting failure occurrence, the results of pull-out experiment with 6 post-fire specimens were listed as follows: the bond failure occurred to all specimens, and the relationship curves between force and slip contained ascending, descending and residual segments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 109067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic approach for correlating stiffness and strength irregularities in RC buildings under earthquake shaking","authors":"L. Aditya,&nbsp;G. Tamizharasi","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stiffness irregularity in buildings is commonly associated with strength irregularity. Recent research has primarily focused on examining these irregularities independently, with comparatively less emphasis on the correlation to the presence of both irregularities. Two sets of 2-D reinforced concrete (RC) moment frame buildings with varying configurations and locations of irregularity are analyzed to examine the limitations of current research and building code provisions. Based on elastic behavior, interstorey drift is identified as a more reliable indicator for determining stiffness irregularity, while lateral storey strength proves to be a more effective parameter for evaluating strength irregularity. Updated provisions and new limits are proposed to address the shortcomings, with the evaluation considering three stories at both the upper and lower levels as the ratio for accurately assessing irregularities at higher and lower stories. A storey may exhibit stiffness irregularity without the presence of strength irregularity. Inelastic results show that shifting the irregular storey to higher levels increases building strength from the ground storey to the roof storey, while probabilistic analysis reveals that the probability of exceeding the yielding state decreases from 95 % to 24 %. However, irregularity due to column removal, even at the ground storey, can result in higher strength than a regular configuration, with less probability ∼36 % of exceeding any yielding state, suggesting it to be more stable. This observation underscores the need for improved evaluation methods, particularly through nonlinear analysis, to more accurately identify and design irregular buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 109024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the flexural capacity and ductility of foamed ceramic plates reinforced with CFRP","authors":"Jia Zhou ,&nbsp;Hetao Hou ,&nbsp;Qifang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaojin Hou ,&nbsp;Ruofan Lu ,&nbsp;Wenshan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenqian Mo ,&nbsp;Zhihao Du ,&nbsp;Ning Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foamed ceramics are closed-cell materials characterized by high porosity, low thermal conductivity, and environmental sustainability. However, they are prone to brittle fracture, an issue that remains unresolved despite various innovative preparation methods, which makes them difficult to use in building components. To address this challenge, this study investigates a foamed ceramic system reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Full-scale tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of different reinforcement methods and CFRP strip widths. Analysis of failure modes, cracking behavior, and deflection deformation contributed to the development of a uniaxial stress-strain intrinsic model for numerical simulation. The results indicated that appropriate reinforcement methods can increase the cracking and ultimate load from approximately 5 to 9 kN/m² to 10–24 kN/m². The improved flexural capacity and ductility suggest that foamed ceramics have potential applications in the design of filled exterior walls and slabs. To facilitate engineering practice, theoretical calculations of critical bonding widths and enhanced flexural bearing capacity for CFRP reinforcement were derived, based on the equivalent rectangular stress pattern approach. This study provides essential design specifications for achieving significant enhancements, thereby laying the foundation for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 109077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization method of truss structures considering length constraints","authors":"Duo Yu ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Qiming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an efficient method for topology optimization of truss structure, integrating form-finding with considers the length constraints optimization. The approach utilizes the force density method based on geometric nonlinear analysis for form-finding and incorporates topology optimization using the ground structure method. The length constraints, derived from the Euler buckling formula, ensure structural stability under vertical loads. During each iteration, the constraint equations are updated based on the finite element analysis results and the structural stability and load-bearing performance are optimized. Several case studies demonstrate the method’s effectiveness, providing a valuable tool for conceptual design of truss structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 109079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete columns using finite element-based nonlinear dynamic analysis","authors":"Kyungjin Kim ,&nbsp;Bok-Gi Lee ,&nbsp;Ju-Seong Jung ,&nbsp;Kang-Seok Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As ensuring seismic safety for mid- and low-rise reinforced concrete (R/C) buildings with non-seismic details has become increasingly pressing, numerous studies have carried out seismic performance evaluation based on experimental and analytical research, considering structural characteristics. However, there are limitations to experimentally evaluating seismic performance. Experimental research incurs high costs due to expenses associated with equipment, materials, labor, and the fabrication of full-scale structures or scaled models for testing. Additionally, large complicated structures can be challenging to reproduce in a laboratory setting, and it is difficult to replicate various conditions associated with load, material properties, and constraints. In contrast, most nonlinear dynamic analysis studies conducted for seismic performance evaluation assume that the beams and columns of R/C buildings are linear members with springs at their ends and midsections, where nonlinear hysteretic behavior occurs. However, nonlinear dynamic analysis based on a spring model for member substitution is not sufficient for detailed seismic performance assessment, as it does not fully represent the full progression of cracks and failures in all members, the final failure shape, or the stress–strain distributions. In this study, a methodology for evaluating seismic performance using finite element-based nonlinear dynamic analysis is proposed based on a material model that reflects the structural characteristics of column members, which are critical seismic components in R/C buildings, for a more precise evaluation compared to that of traditional member-substitution spring models. Using our proposed approach, seismic performance was evaluated for real R/C columns, with a focus on three column types: pilotis columns and columns affected by shear and flexure. To verify the validity of our method, we compared the finite element-based nonlinear dynamic analysis results with those obtained using pseudo-dynamic testing with respect to the three R/C column types. Our findings revealed a high degree of similarity in seismic performance evaluation between the proposed approach using finite element-based nonlinear dynamic analysis and pseudo-dynamic testing in terms of crack patterns, load–displacement response, displacement–time hysteresis, cumulative dissipated energy, and reinforcement strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 109076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on mechanical properties and toughness characteristics of fiber reinforced storage backfill after carbonation curing","authors":"Wei He ,&nbsp;Lang Liu ,&nbsp;Baoning Wei ,&nbsp;Ruofan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Fang ,&nbsp;Huisheng Qu ,&nbsp;Dengdeng Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yuheng Gao ,&nbsp;Lei Xia ,&nbsp;Zihan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ physical-chemical synergistic storage can be achieved by constructing functional backfill space in mine goaf. Exploring the mechanical properties and toughness characteristics of storage backfill is an important index to evaluate the safe operation of storage CO₂ storage. In high concentration CO₂ curing environment, the storage backfill will undergo severe carbonation reaction. Through uniaxial compression, compressive toughness and flexural toughness experiments, the strength characteristics, toughness index, deformation and failure mechanism of fiber-reinforced storage backfill after carbonation were studied for the first time, and the action mechanism of carbonation reinforcement and fiber toughening was revealed. The carbonation reaction can increase the strength performance of the storage backfill by 1.56–2.32 times by chemical enhancement, but the toughness index decreases from 4.14 to 1.48, which will pose a potential threat to the security and stability of the storage. In order to eliminate the safety hazard of CO₂ storage backfill, it is recommended to add fiber into the storage backfill material. The fiber improves the strength of the storage backfill by a factor of 1.51–1.73 through physical strengthening and toughening, while increasing the toughness index from 4.14 to 7.09. This study demonstrates that it is effective to use fiber to improve the toughness characteristics of carbonized storage backfill and provides an important idea and reference for the selection of backfill materials for storage CO₂ storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing wrinkling in Kapton solar sails through graphene reinforcement","authors":"Diogo Galhofo ,&nbsp;António P.C. Duarte ,&nbsp;Nuno Silvestre","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, solar sails have been extensively researched, designed, and tested for various space missions. These propulsion systems rely on sunlight photons impinging on large, ultra-lightweight, thin-polymer membranes. To ensure effective propulsion, these sails must remain taut, preventing billowing. However, addressing this issue with pre-tensioning can inadvertently lead to another problem: wrinkling. In this study, nonlinear finite element models were developed to simulate wrinkling in solar sail membranes and explore its mitigation, more specifically, by reducing the number of wrinkles and their amplitude, via the use of a Katpon-graphene composite material. Two additional, and more traditional, solutions (altering (i) loading and boundary conditions and (ii) geometry) are also presented for comparison. The research findings demonstrate that modifying material properties, such as utilizing a composite material comprising the base polymer reinforced with graphene nanosheets, proves highly effective in preventing membrane wrinkling. With this approach, wrinkling can be completely avoided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 108931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced base isolation with lever-type diamond-shaped TMDI","authors":"Jing Bian ,&nbsp;Ning Su ,&nbsp;Yi Xia ,&nbsp;Haicui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhihe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Base isolation (BI) is a highly effective strategy for enhancing the seismic resilience of structures. However, excessive deformation in the BI layer can lead to stability concerns and potential damage. To mitigate this issue, vibration absorbers are often integrated into the system. This study introduces a novel BI-LD-TMDI system, which combines an inerter, a lever-diamond (LD) mechanism, and a tuned mass damper (TMD). The lever and diamond-shaped structure amplify the inertial mass effect, significantly improving the energy dissipation capacity of the absorber. Through dynamic modeling and theoretical optimization, simplified analytical design formulas are derived. The inertial amplification mechanism is systematically analyzed, identifying key influencing factors to guide practical design. The theoretical model and simplified optimal solution are further validated via finite element analysis (FEA). Time-history analysis demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed BI-LD-TMDI compared to conventional absorbers. The LD-TMDI exhibits an exceptional inertial amplification effect, enabling high energy dissipation with minimal added mass. This lightweight and highly efficient system demonstrates strong practical feasibility and promising potential for vibration control in civil structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 109049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear flutter mechanism of a single-layer truss bridge deck based on hysteresis loop and energy budget analysis","authors":"Zhixiong Qiu ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Yan Han ,&nbsp;Peng Hu ,&nbsp;C.S. Cai ,&nbsp;Fei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic mechanism of limit cycle oscillation (LCO) and subcritical Hopf bifurcation for a single-layer truss bridge deck, which are of great significance for the flutter design of bridges and have received little research attention before, was studied in this study. Firstly, a two-degree-of-freedom bending-torsion coupled nonlinear self-excited force model was proposed, and the equations to solve the work and energy of aerodynamic forces were derived. Further, the time-varying characteristics of nonlinear self-excited forces were investigated, as well as their contribution to accurately predicting nonlinear flutter response. It was found that self-excited forces contain higher-order octave components, as identified through the hysteresis loop analysis method. Subsequently, the characteristics of the self-excited forces under varying wind speeds were summarized via the analysis of the work done by the self-excited forces. The energy feedback mechanism of LCO was revealed, which highlighted the important role of non-wind-induced and linear terms of self-excited torsional moment in the generation of LCO. Finally, the driving mechanism of the subcritical Hopf bifurcation was explained by combining hysteresis loop analysis, energy budget analysis, and damping ratio as a function of vibration amplitude analysis. It is found to result from the competition between self-excited torsional moment and torsional nonlinear mechanical damping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of shear properties in cross laminated timber–concrete composites with notch connections","authors":"Gi Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Van Sy Pham ,&nbsp;Dangkhai Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops an equation to predict the shear capacity of cross-laminated timber (CLT)–concrete composites (CCC) with notch connections. The equation accounts for key variables, including wood species, notch depth, and load-to-grain direction. To assess the impact of these factors, push-out tests were conducted to evaluate the slip modulus and shear capacity of CCC. The results showed that the larch CLT notch connector exhibited a 14.70 % higher slip modulus and a 21.78 % higher shear capacity than the pine CLT. While the slip modulus remained relatively unchanged with increasing notch depth, the shear capacity increased by 9.39 %, 37.97 %, and 67.20 % for notch depths of 30, 40, and 50 mm, respectively, compared to the 20-mm notch depth. Additionally, CLTs with notch depths of 20 and 40 mm demonstrated higher slip moduli and shear capacities when loaded in the 0° load-to-grain direction compared to the 90°direction. A new prediction equation for shear properties in CCC with notch connections is proposed, incorporating the effects of wood density, notch depth, and CLT panel thickness. The difference between experimental and predicted values for slip modulus and shear capacity ranged from 0.04 % to 12.00 % and 2.25–20.00 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"76 ","pages":"Article 108949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}