Structures最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical property tuning and prediction methods of Waterbomb cellular metamaterials","authors":"Yongtao Bai ,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Origami cellular metamaterials have enormous potential for applications in engineering fields such as energy absorption. However, the current studies lack relevant methods for tuning and predicting mechanical properties. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanical property tuning method by connecting other materials between adjacent origami units. Based on the ori-kirigami cell of a Waterbomb cellular metamaterial, we investigate the effects of the design parameters of the connecting materials on the initial peak force, specific energy absorption (SEA), and negative stiffness properties through quasi-static compression tests and numerical simulations. Moreover, we propose structural scaling laws to predict the mechanical properties of this ori-kirigami cell based on dimensional analysis. The results show that the connecting materials can influence the SEA and the initial peak force. This tuning method can also influence the negative stiffness characteristics of the ori-kirigami cell. On the other hand, the initial peak force and energy absorption predicted by the scaling laws agree well with the simulation results, verifying the correctness of the similarity laws. This work makes origami cellular metamaterials with stronger mechanical adaptability, making them suitable for various engineering fields such as energy absorption and protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic response analysis of base-isolated piers considering the mechanical properties and nonlinearity of HDR bearings","authors":"Kyeonghoon Park,&nbsp;Kunyang Wang,&nbsp;Yukihide Kajita,&nbsp;Taiji Mazda","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-Damping Rubber (HDR) bearings are a type of seismic isolation device in which natural rubber is mixed with carbon fillers to provide the rubber itself with high damping performance. These bearings reduce the transmission of seismic energy and enhance the seismic resistance of structures. Compared to other seismic isolation devices, HDR bearings have a simpler structure, are easier to install, and offer significant advantages in terms of maintenance and cost. However, the hysteretic behavior of HDR bearings is highly dependent on the maximum experienced strain and the hardening phenomenon, and their nonlinearity is pronounced. This study conducted experimental investigations into the actual behavior of HDR bearings based on characteristic validation test and evaluated their mechanical properties with respect to nonlinear hysteretic characteristics. From the experimental results, a model incorporating the maximum strain dependence and hardening phenomenon of HDR bearings was developed, and a new design model named the Double-Target model was proposed. The proposed hysteresis model accounts for the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of HDR bearings and can independently reproduce the responses in the positive and negative directions. Finally, the experimental results of the characteristic validation test were reproduced using the proposed hysteresis model, and seismic response analyses were conducted on the piers of an actual seismically isolated bridge to validate the model. The results confirmed that the proposed model accurately reproduces the independent hysteretic characteristics, including maximum experienced strain and hardening phenomena, as well as the characteristic validation test results. Additionally, the model enables seismic response analyses that consider the nonlinearity of HDR bearings with high precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical performance of bio-based materials in structural applications: A comprehensive review","authors":"Salim Barbhuiya ,&nbsp;Bibhuti Bhusan Das ,&nbsp;Kanish Kapoor ,&nbsp;Avik Das ,&nbsp;Vasudha Katare","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of sustainable materials in construction has led to increased interest in bio-based materials for structural applications. This review paper examines the mechanical performance of structural members made from bio-based materials, including natural fibres, bio-based polymers, and engineered wood products. Key mechanical properties such as tensile, compressive, and flexural strength, as well as durability under environmental stressors, are analyzed to understand their suitability for load-bearing applications. The paper also discusses factors affecting mechanical behaviour, including moisture absorption, temperature sensitivity, and fabrication techniques. A comparative analysis highlights the performance of bio-based materials against conventional materials like steel and concrete, emphasizing both their strengths and limitations. Enhancements in bio-based composites, including hybridization and nanotechnology, are reviewed for their potential to improve mechanical robustness. Additionally, sustainability aspects, such as life cycle assessment and end-of-life biodegradability, are evaluated to underscore the environmental benefits of bio-based structural members. The paper concludes with future research directions, advocating for innovation in bio-based material technology to meet structural demands and support the construction industry’s shift toward greener practices. This review aims to provide a foundational understanding for engineers and researchers seeking to integrate bio-based materials into sustainable structural designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural behaviour of old wooden beams strengthened with CFRP: Experimental and numerical investigations","authors":"Minel Ahu Kara Alaşalvar ,&nbsp;Özlem Sağıroğlu Demirci ,&nbsp;Sercan Tuna Akkaya ,&nbsp;Abdullah Türer ,&nbsp;Alper Çelik ,&nbsp;Ömer Mercimek ,&nbsp;Özgür Anıl","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flexural performance of old wooden beams strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips was investigated through a combination of experimental and numerical analyses. Timber specimens were sourced from three historic wooden structures in Türkiye. CFRP strips were bonded to the tension zone of the beams to enhance flexural performance, while transverse CFRP strips were applied at regular intervals to improve shear resistance. A total of thirty-one beam specimens, varying in wood type, span length, and CFRP strip spacing, were tested under three-point bending. Key variables included chestnut and elm wood, span lengths of 300–700 mm, and CFRP strip spacings of 50 mm, 75 mm, and 100 mm. Beams with 50 mm strip spacing (S5) exhibited the highest values with load capacity (52.7 kN), stiffness (3.55 kN/mm) occurred in elm beams, while the largest displacement (25.3 mm) and energy dissipation (494 kN-mm) occurred in chestnut beams. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was employed to assess strain distributions, while numerical models were developed using finite element analysis (FEA) to validate experimental results. DIC analysis confirmed that peak strains occurred near the loading point, while minimum strains were observed at the supports. FEA models closely matched experimental data, with parameter ratios mostly ranging between 0.64 and 1.16, confirming their reliability. The numerical analysis aligned closely with experimental outcomes, showcasing its effectiveness in modelling the anisotropic and heterogeneous nature of timber. These findings highlight CFRP’s effectiveness in strengthening and preserving historic wooden structures, offering a sustainable solution for modern timber engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive control strategy for enhancing multi-hazard resilience of MR damper-equipped inelastic structures with re-entrant corners","authors":"Soroush Ale Mozafar,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Zafarani,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Birzhandi","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligent control systems, such as semi-active dampers utilizing magneto-rheological (MR) fluid, have proven effective in dissipating seismic energy. However, their performance under explosion loading remains relatively unexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating the behavior of MR dampers in preventing progressive collapse in asymmetric, inelastic reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures subjected to explosion loading. To this end, three MR-damper-equipped concrete moment frame structures (with 4, 8, and 12 stories) featuring re-entrant corners are modeled using nonlinear fiber elements in OPENSEES. A robustness analysis of a supervisory nonlinear adaptive semi-active control strategy, developed in prior studies, is conducted to enhance the resilience of these structures under pulse-like seismic motions, blast loading, and progressive collapse, while also considering potential inelastic responses due to multiple natural hazards. The results show that MR dampers, originally designed for seismic loads, are also effective in mitigating structural responses to explosions, achieving up to an 80 % reduction in inter-story drifts. Furthermore, the new control strategy improves building resilience to progressive collapse under explosion scenarios, enhancing structural integrity by 10–80 % across various column removal scenarios. The findings highlight that the effectiveness of MR dampers in counteracting sudden column removal improves with the height of the building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior of functionally graded concrete flexural members","authors":"Zhanyi Peng,&nbsp;Jiangdong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deformation capacity is essential for the ability of reinforced concrete flexural members to withstand earthquakes. To improve this capacity, this study introduced functionally graded concrete flexural members (FGCFMs) with ductile failure modes and multiple plastic regions. In FGCFMs, a graded distribution of the flexural strength is achieved by incorporating a graded hybrid reinforcement of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and steel. Multiple plastic regions can develop when the graded distribution of the flexural strength aligns with the external moment. Pushover tests validated the formation of these plastic regions, showing an increase in deformability of up to 147 %, an improvement in ductility of 51.8 %, and an energy dissipation performance of 314 % compared with conventional reinforced concrete flexural members. The tests revealed two failure modes of the specimens. Specifically, when failure occurred in the grade reinforced only with steel bars, the specimen failed in the ductile mode. However, in the grade reinforced with steel and FRP bars, the failure mode was predominantly brittle. The tests revealed that the key factors leading to the formation of multiple plastic regions were the alignment between the flexural strength of the sections and the external moment, as well as the significant increase in flexural strength provided by the FRP bars after the steel bars yielded. A comprehensive parametric analysis further examined the impact of the grade height on the overall deformation capacity and development of multiple plastic regions. Optimal deformability in the FGCFMs was achieved when the grade height reached specific threshold values, effectively balancing the flexural strength with the external moment and resulting in large displacements and a ductile failure mode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo-dynamic test and numerical simulation of an irregular steel reinforced concrete hybrid frame-bent structure","authors":"Ningjun Du ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Hu ,&nbsp;Guoliang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study endeavors to evaluate the seismic performance of an irregular steel reinforced concrete hybrid frame-bent powerhouse (SRC-HFBP) employed in large thermal power plants situated in high-intensity earthquake zones. Pseudo-dynamic and quasi-static tests were performed on a 1/7-scale model, featuring SRC columns and RC wing walls. Lateral displacements, strains, and crack patterns were meticulously measured and analyzed. The experimental findings indicate that the structure exhibits outstanding seismic performance when subjected to a series of scaled El-Centro (NS) waves.Remarkably, the incorporation of SRC columns and RC wing walls into the structure significantly improves its seismic performance in comparison to conventional reinforced concrete powerhouse designs. Test results show that at an earthquake acceleration of 0.02 g, the ratio of inter-story drift to structural height at the coal scuttle level (33.7 m) is as low as 1/333. When the acceleration increases to 0.04 g, the corresponding ratio at the operation floor (16.725 m) remains favorable, at 1/125. Notably, under severe earthquake conditions, when the model enters the elastic-plastic stage, the operation floor emerges as the structurally weaker level.Moreover, a finite element model, grounded in a sophisticated damaged plasticity concrete model, was developed and calibrated against the experimental outcomes. The simulated seismic responses exhibit excellent agreement with the experimental data. Both experimental and numerical investigations convincingly demonstrate the feasibility of constructing this type of irregular steel reinforced concrete hybrid frame-bent structure in high-seismicity fortification zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of pier height and bearing parameters on seismic response and energy dissipation of railway bridges isolated with novel self-centering bearing","authors":"Hao Tan ,&nbsp;Biao Wei ,&nbsp;Binqi Xiao ,&nbsp;Shanshan Li ,&nbsp;Lizhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of high-speed railways makes it inevitable to cross the seismic zone, which makes the seismic resistance and post-earthquake reset of high-speed railway bridges an important issue. To solve this problem, a self-centering isolation bearing was developed. The finite element models of high-speed railway bridges with different pier heights were established, and the accuracy of the model was verified by a shaking table test. The differences in seismic response and energy dissipation between the seismic isolated model and the non-isolated model were compared, and the parameters of the self-centering bearing were analyzed. The results show that the self-centering bearing not only possesses excellent recentering ability but also can reduce the girder acceleration and pier response. Besides, it can change the distribution of seismic energy, greatly increase the bearing friction energy, and reduce the pier hysteretic energy. Finally, the analysis shows that solid short piers and hollow high piers are conducive to the seismic isolation function of the bearing, and the friction coefficient of 0.035–0.055 can maximize the bearing friction energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial compression behaviour of reinforced short UHPFRC columns confined by spirals: Experimental tests and constitutive models","authors":"Dan-Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin-Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Shu-Rong Zhou ,&nbsp;Shao-Bo Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents experimental and analytical studies on axial compression behaviour of reinforced short ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) columns confined by spirals. In the experimental programme, a total of 26 short columns with a height-diameter ratio of 4.5 were tested under axial compression. The load capacity, failure mode, ductility index, and strains of longitudinal reinforcement and spirals were obtained, and the influences of diameter and spacing of spirals, volumetric ratio of spirals, and steel fibres on ultimate stress and strain of columns were analysed in depth. Based on the experimental results, the constitutive model for confined UHPFRC by spirals is modified to take account of the effects of spirals on the compressive strength and ultimate strain. Comparisons between experimental results and calculated results using the modified model show that the modified model can predict the compressive stress-axial strain curve of confined UHPFRC columns with good accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and theoretical study on the eccentric compression performance of novel L-shaped composite columns composed of HGM-filled square steel tubes","authors":"Zhou Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Honggang","doi":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.istruc.2025.108728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the mechanical properties of novel L-shaped composite specimens composed of high-strength grouting material filled square steel tubes (L-shaped HGMFSST composite specimens) under eccentric compressive loading. In this study, an experimental program involving twelve L-shaped composite specimens was carried out to evaluate their failure modes, bearing capacity, deformation characteristics, and strain development patterns. The research results demonstrated that the primary failure mode of the L-shaped composite specimens was overall bending failure. The incorporation of high-strength grouting material (HGM) significantly enhanced the ultimate bearing capacity, with improvements ranging from 65.2 % to 104.3 %. The horizontal deflection development curve during loading exhibited a characteristic half-sine wave distribution. During the initial loading phase, the entire cross-section was under compression. A three-dimensional numerical model was established using the finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the composite specimens. The validated numerical model revealed the failure mechanism of the L-shaped composite specimens under eccentric compression. Finally, based on parameter analysis, a calculation method was proposed to predict the eccentric bearing capacity of L-shaped HGMFSST composite specimens. The eccentric bearing capacity of the specimens was predicted using the proposed method and existing design codes. The comparative results showed that the average and standard deviations of the ratio between the calculated results from the proposed method and the experimental values were 0.916 and 0.049, respectively. It indicates that the proposed method can predict the eccentric bearing capacity of the novel L-shaped HGMFSST composite specimens more accurately. Compared with the calculation methods of the other three codes, the proposed method is simpler and more applicable. Overall, this study reveals the mechanical properties of this innovative composite specimen under eccentric compression and provides significant reference value for engineering design and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48642,"journal":{"name":"Structures","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 108728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}