Environmental Evidence最新文献_第9页

Principles and framework for assessing the risk of bias for studies included in comparative quantitative environmental systematic reviews. 比较定量环境系统评价中研究偏倚风险评估的原则和框架

IF 3.4 4区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Evidence Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00264-0

Geoff Frampton, Paul Whaley, Micah Bennett, Gary Bilotta, Jean-Lou C M Dorne, Jacqualyn Eales, Katy James, Christian Kohl, Magnus Land, Barbara Livoreil, David Makowski, Evans Muchiri, Gillian Petrokofsky, Nicola Randall, Kate Schofield

{"title":"Principles and framework for assessing the risk of bias for studies included in comparative quantitative environmental systematic reviews.","authors":"Geoff Frampton, Paul Whaley, Micah Bennett, Gary Bilotta, Jean-Lou C M Dorne, Jacqualyn Eales, Katy James, Christian Kohl, Magnus Land, Barbara Livoreil, David Makowski, Evans Muchiri, Gillian Petrokofsky, Nicola Randall, Kate Schofield","doi":"10.1186/s13750-022-00264-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-022-00264-0","url":null,"abstract":"The internal validity of conclusions about effectiveness or impact in systematic reviews, and of decisions based on them, depends on risk of bias assessments being conducted appropriately. However, a random sample of 50 recently-published articles claiming to be quantitative environmental systematic reviews found 64% did not include any risk of bias assessment, whilst nearly all that did omitted key sources of bias. Other limitations included lack of transparency, conflation of quality constructs, and incomplete application of risk of bias assessments to the data synthesis. This paper addresses deficiencies in risk of bias assessments by highlighting core principles that are required for risk of bias assessments to be fit-for-purpose, and presenting a framework based on these principles to guide review teams on conducting risk of bias assessments appropriately and consistently. The core principles require that risk of bias assessments be Focused, Extensive, Applied and Transparent (FEAT). These principles support risk of bias assessments, appraisal of risk of bias tools, and the development of new tools. The framework follows a Plan-Conduct-Apply-Report approach covering all stages of risk of bias assessment. The scope of this paper is comparative quantitative environmental systematic reviews which address PICO or PECO-type questions including, but not limited to, topic areas such as environmental management, conservation, ecosystem restoration, and analyses of environmental interventions, exposures, impacts and risks.","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of sediment exposure on corals: a systematic review of experimental studies. 沉积物暴露对珊瑚的影响:实验研究的系统回顾。

IF 3.3 4区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Evidence Pub Date : 2022-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00256-0

Lillian J Tuttle, Megan J Donahue

{"title":"Effects of sediment exposure on corals: a systematic review of experimental studies.","authors":"Lillian J Tuttle, Megan J Donahue","doi":"10.1186/s13750-022-00256-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00256-0","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Management actions that address local-scale stressors on coral reefs can rapidly improve water quality and reef ecosystem condition. In response to reef managers who need actionable thresholds for coastal runoff and dredging, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies that explore the effects of sediment on corals. We identified exposure levels that 'adversely' affect corals while accounting for sediment bearing (deposited vs. suspended), coral life-history stage, and species, thus providing empirically based estimates of stressor thresholds on vulnerable coral reefs.Methods: We searched online databases and grey literature to obtain a list of potential studies, assess their eligibility, and critically appraise them for validity and risk of bias. Data were extracted from eligible studies and grouped by sediment bearing and coral response to identify thresholds in terms of the lowest exposure levels that induced an adverse physiological and/or lethal effect. Meta-regression estimated the dose-response relationship between exposure level and the magnitude of a coral's response, with random-effects structures to estimate the proportion of variance explained by factors such as study and coral species.Review findings: After critical appraisal of over 15,000 records, our systematic review of corals' responses to sediment identified 86 studies to be included in meta-analyses (45 studies for deposited sediment and 42 studies for suspended sediment). The lowest sediment exposure levels that caused adverse effects in corals were well below the levels previously described as 'normal' on reefs: for deposited sediment, adverse effects occurred as low as 1 mg/cm2/day for larvae (limited settlement rates) and 4.9 mg/cm2/day for adults (tissue mortality); for suspended sediment, adverse effects occurred as low as 10 mg/L for juveniles (reduced growth rates) and 3.2 mg/L for adults (bleaching and tissue mortality). Corals take at least 10 times longer to experience tissue mortality from exposure to suspended sediment than to comparable concentrations of deposited sediment, though physiological changes manifest 10 times faster in response to suspended sediment than to deposited sediment. Threshold estimates derived from continuous response variables (magnitude of adverse effect) largely matched the lowest-observed adverse-effect levels from a summary of studies, or otherwise helped us to identify research gaps that should be addressed to better quantify the dose-response relationship between sediment exposure and coral health.Conclusions: We compiled a global dataset that spans three oceans, over 140 coral species, decades of research, and a range of field- and lab-based approaches. Our review and meta-analysis inform the no-observed and lowest-observed adverse-effect levels (NOAEL, LOAEL) that are used in ma","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"11 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8818373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39915375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Estimating ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on tropical reef-building corals; a systematic review protocol 化学物质对热带造礁珊瑚的生态毒理学效应评估系统评价方案

IF 3.3 4区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Evidence Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-021-00250-y

Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo, O. Perceval, C. Ferrier‐Pagès, I. Domart-Coulon, L. Hédouin, K. Burga, M. Guillaume, C. Calvayrac, M. Castelin, Y. Reyjol, Romain Sordello