Environmental Evidence最新文献

{"title":"What evidence exists on salmon farming? An overview of reviews.","authors":"Neal Haddaway, María D López Rodríguez, Hazel Cooley, Matthew Grainger","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00391-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00391-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global expansion of salmon aquaculture has transformed marine food systems, offering economic benefits while amplifying environmental and socio-economic challenges. The shift from wild-caught to farmed salmon has led to widespread concerns, including disease transmission, genetic introgression, pollution, and conflicts with Indigenous communities. Additionally, salmon feed supply chains have global implications, such as overfishing in West Africa. Although many studies exist, research is fragmented and dispersed across disciplines, and the influence of industry funding raises questions about bias. This overview of reviews synthesises existing systematic reviews on salmon farming to evaluate the scope, quality, and findings of the secondary literature on its environmental, economic, and social impacts. Specifically, we ask the question: \"What systematic review evidence exists on Atlantic and Pacific salmon aquaculture, and what are the characteristics, thematic focus, and methodological quality of this evidence?\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This overview of reviews follows guidelines from the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) and the ROSES reporting standards. Systematic reviews (broadly defined as reviews either claiming to or actually using some form of systematic methodology) were identified via searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and Lens.org using a structured, validated search strategy. Inclusion criteria focused on reviews explicitly targeting Atlantic or Pacific salmon aquaculture (including rainbow trout). Metadata were extracted on study methods, topical focus, production stages, and funding sources. Review quality was assessed using the CEESAT critical appraisal tool, and visualisations were produced to identify gaps in coverage and assess methodological rigour.</p><p><strong>Review findings: </strong>Out of 327 unique records, 37 reviews were included. Most reviews focused on production-related topics (e.g. fish health, sea lice, feed supply), with very few addressing environmental or social impacts. No reviews met the threshold for high methodological rigour, and only four were rated as moderate quality; the remainder were judged as low or exceptionally low quality. Common weaknesses included absence of a priori protocols, lack of critical appraisal, poor reporting of screening and extraction methods, and inappropriate synthesis techniques such as vote counting. Industry co-authorship was present in 7 reviews, and 8 were industry-funded. Research on sustainability was hindered by methodological inconsistency and limited transparency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite a growing body of literature on salmon aquaculture, high-quality evidence syntheses remain rare. Most systematic reviews are methodologically flawed and overly focused on productivity, with limited assessment of environmental or socio-economic externalities. Greater attention is urgently needed to unbiased, i","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird and mammal diversity in agricultural landscapes and adjacent natural vegetation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: a systematic map.","authors":"Fábio Casallanovo, Gustavo Souza Santos, Ana Paola Cione","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00390-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00390-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tropical areas, particularly Brazil, are home to a significant portion of the world's biodiversity, with the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) being a crucial biome recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, the BAF has been subject to severe degradation due to anthropogenic activities, resulting in extensive habitat loss and fragmentation. These changes have prompted numerous studies on their effects on biodiversity, focusing on forest fragments and protected areas. Despite this research, there is a notable lack of meta-data on biodiversity in human-modified landscapes within the BAF- where only 31% of the land remains as native forest. Most of the biome has been transformed by human activities, primarily for pasture and agriculture. By recognizing these knowledge gaps, researchers have begun investigating biodiversity in anthropogenically altered landscapes, to better understand species' responses to human-induced changes and inform conservation policies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to answer the following primary question: \"What is the diversity of birds and mammal species in agricultural fields and their adjacent areas of natural vegetation?\" We aimed to address this question by creating a systematic map summarizing current knowledge about avian and mammalian species' presence in the BAF's agricultural matrix. This research also aimed (i) to identify common species in agricultural landscapes, (ii) to compare species richness in-crop (inside the agricultural field) and off-crop (non-cultivated areas outside the agricultural field), (iii) to determine crops with high species visitation, and (iv) to highlight areas for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic literature map on bird and mammal biodiversity in agricultural landscapes within the BAF and adjacent natural vegetation areas. The search covered Web of Knowledge, Scopus, the National Library of Medicine, and the \"Biblioteca Digital Brasileira\" (Brazilian Digital Library) database for grey literature (dissertations and theses). Citation records were surveyed based on predefined criteria through title/abstract screening and full-text analysis. Eligible publications were used for meta-data coding and systematic map construction.</p><p><strong>Review findings: </strong>Our systematic map identified 207 eligible publications included in the final evidence base. Research effort was distributed across taxonomic groups, with 78 studies focusing on birds, 126 on non-flying mammals (NFM), and 22 on bats. The most frequently studied agricultural systems were pasture and eucalyptus, followed by sugarcane, coffee, cacao, rubber tree, pinus, grape, araucaria, and corn. Extracted meta-data showed that studies reported species occurrences in both agricultural fields and adjacent natural areas. The map revealed significant knowledge clusters and gaps, particularly regarding the distribution of research across d","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148383044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automation is not evidence of efficiency.","authors":"Matthew Grainger, Sini Savilaakso, Neal Haddaway, Chris Pritchard","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00388-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00388-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We welcome Hodgson et al. (2026) empirical evaluation of ontology-grounded large language models (LLMs) for data extraction in environmental evidence synthesis. The study makes a valuable contribution by quantifying performance across attribute types and by openly documenting where current approaches struggle.</p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13326348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What evidence exists for the environmental outcomes of nature-based aquaculture systems? a systematic map protocol.","authors":"Thirukanthan Chandra Segaran, Mohamad Nor Azra, Mohd Iqbal Mohd Noor, Nor Afiqah-Aleng, Li Lian Wong, Wen Jye Mok, Mazlan Abd Ghaffar, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, Min Pau Tan, Muhd Danish Daniel Abdullah, Teoh Shwu Jiau, Aileen Tan Shau Hwai, Edward Hugh Allison, Yeong Yik Sung","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00387-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00387-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nature-based solutions (NbS) are defined as actions that protect, conserve, restore, and sustainably use natural or modified ecosystems. These actions aim to deliver environmental services, enhance biodiversity, and support societal well-being. NbS are increasingly promoted across a wide range of sectors, including agriculture, coastal management, and civil engineering. However, despite being introduced almost twenty years ago, NBS appear not to have been widely and explicitly adopted in aquaculture production systems policies and practices, arguably because there is little evidence of their efficacy in improving environmental outcomes and production. This systematic map therefore seeks to address the primary review question: What evidence exists in the literature on reported environmental outcomes associated with nature-based approaches in aquaculture? To answer this question, the study will identify, collate, and characterize the available evidence on nature-based approaches applied within aquaculture systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic map will follow a structured evidence-synthesis approach to identify and characterize literature on nature-based solutions in aquaculture. Comprehensive searches will be conducted across established scientific databases using carefully developed search strings, and these will be complemented by targeted grey literature searches across specialist aquaculture and NbS platforms, as well as Google Scholar. Retrieved records will be screened at title, abstract, and full-text levels against predefined eligibility criteria. Studies will be included if they focus on aquaculture systems, examine interventions framed as or consistent with NbS, report outcomes related to environmental performance, socio-economic value, or policy relevance, and are based on empirical evidence from peer-reviewed or credible grey literature sources. Data from eligible studies will be extracted and summarized descriptively, followed by a narrative synthesis to identify thematic clusters, geographical patterns, and gaps in the evidence base. The outputs will provide a structured knowledge base to inform researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to expand the application of NbS in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existing evidence on the impact of climate risk on real estate valuations: a systematic map.","authors":"Tommaso Piseddu, Fedra Vanhuyse","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00389-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00389-6","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Global climate change is set to create a future where natural hazards become more catastrophic and more frequent, with impacts on real estate expected to be substantial. At the same time, the transition to a low-carbon economy is reshaping asset values, with high-emission assets becoming less attractive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We adopted a systematic map approach to assess how the impact of climate risks, i.e., physical climate risks and transition climate risks, has been assessed in the academic and grey literature related to real estate valuation, published between 2014 and 2023. The retained corpus of 130 documents was coded according to a pre-defined coding framework, covering geographic distribution, evaluation methods, the type of real estate assets and impact assessment methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Review findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Across the 130 included documents (peer-reviewed and grey literature), the evidence base is dominated by studies that quantify physical climate risk effects on real-estate values, most often using econometric capitalization approaches (e.g., hedonic regressions, DiD, repeat-sales). The most frequently studied hazards are hydrological ones, especially coastal and fluvial floods, typically operationalized using official hazard maps (particularly in US case studies) or through proxies such as elevation and distance to from the shoreline. A smaller subset of studies evaluates adaptation-relevant outcomes (e.g., damages via depth-damage functions) or uses alternative valuation variables such as asking prices, appraisals, or operating and maintenance costs in retrofit-focused works. Evidence on transition climate risks is present but much smaller in volume and is concentrated on a limited set of drivers, notably minimum energy performance requirements, energy labels and local externalities linked to renewable-energy deployment. This patterns partly reflects the study's focus on transition risks explicitly linked to decarbonization. In terms of geography, the literature is heavily concentrated in the United States, while European studies cluster in a few large economies (notably Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom). The corpus is overwhelmingly focused on one- and two-family housing, with comparatively fewer studies examining multi-family housing and commercial real estate. A small number of papers touch on ecosystem or environmental amenities changes affecting values, including cases linked to invasive or alien species (e.g., algae blooms), but these studies remain relatively rare in the overall corpus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The systematic map highlights several priority gaps for future research and evidence synthesis. First, transition risks remain underexplored beyond a narrow focus on energy-performance regulation, energy labels and renewable-energy proximity; more work is needed on additional channels such as disclosure regimes, financing and insurance repricing, changing","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13292335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What evidence exists on the drivers, ecological and socio-economic outcomes, and distribution of hunting in Peru: a systematic map protocol.","authors":"Jennifer Jane McFarlane, Matthew Grainger, Marion Pfeifer, Louise Mair","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00386-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00386-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Across the tropics, hunting for wildmeat is essential in supporting diets, livelihoods, and food security for millions, and is also central to many cultures. Wildmeat consumption has however increased rapidly over recent decades as human population growth has increased and threatens biodiversity. Measuring hunting impacts at global scales is challenging as hunting can vary even at local scales between localities, social groups, habitat types, motivations, hunting techniques, and governance. A national scale focus would capture local literature and give context specific evidence. This evidence would inform national and subnational policies and decision-making that would be locally acceptable and sustainable. Here, we focus on hunting in Peru, where wildlife and forest research policy is motivated in developing local economies through sustainable wildlife use management and seeks scientific knowledge to meet its needs in this area. A systematic map of the literature would provide an overview of the state of knowledge on hunting and identify research gaps, which is currently lacking and would help inform policy. This protocol describes the process for conducting a systematic map to address the following question: what evidence exists on the drivers, ecological and socio-economic outcomes, and distribution of hunting in Peru?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study is included if it presents information on hunting of at least one species and a location description. Using Spanish and English languages, relevant bibliographic databases will be searched, including Peruvian-specific databases, as well as grey literature on organisational websites. Articles will be title and abstract screened, and those meeting the criteria will have meta-data extracted. Extracted data will include location and habitat, hunting details (e.g., techniques, motivations, and governance), species hunted, and reported ecological and socio-economic outcomes and how these were measured. To identify knowledge gaps, we will map the distribution of hunting studies by region, province, and habitat type. We will also describe how hunting has been studied by summarising the frequency of species hunted, hunting characteristics, and reported ecological and socio-economic outcomes, including the associated metrics and methods used.</p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147822519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising ecosystem service provision by two morphologically distinct kelp species (Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima) and the biophysical drivers shaping these services: a systematic map protocol.","authors":"Benjamin Hall, Patrick Eskuche-Keith, Yaofa Ren, Pippa Jane Moore, Clare Fitzsimmons, Fabrice Stephenson","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00385-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00385-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Important ecosystem services (ES), defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment as benefits people obtain from ecosystems, are provided by kelp forests (e.g. nutrient cycling, nursery sites for fisheries and habitat provision). However, kelp forest degradation is extensive and ongoing with 40–60% of kelp forests degraded over the past 50 years threatening ES provision. Management efforts often overlook species-specific biophysical drivers of service provision and the role of morphological diversity (e.g. stipitate or prostrate growth forms) in mediating ES. Effective marine spatial planning that incorporates ES provision requires understanding of these drivers, but current efforts are limited by poor spatial data on kelp distributions and ES provision. This systematic map aims (i) to catalogue and classify the ecosystem services that have been reported for Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima (two kelp species with contrasting growth forms), and (ii) to map what evidence exists on biophysical drivers associated with variation in these services. METHODS: Following Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) guidelines, this systematic map will conduct a search of peer-reviewed literature from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar using terms for kelp species and ES, refined via the PO framework (Population, Outcome). Search string replicability will be validated using 10 benchmark articles. The screening process will utilize a three-stage process (remove duplicates, title and abstract screening and full text screening) which will prioritise studies quantifying ES provision (e.g. wave attenuation, biodiversity metrics, kelp farming) and/or biophysical drivers of ES provision for Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima. Data will be synthesized narratively and, where feasible, presented through tables, figures and geographic mapping that compares ES across growth form and biophysical drivers (e.g., light availability for primary productivity, turbidity for carbon sequestration). This systematic map aims to identify gaps in knowledge of kelp service provision, with the results highlighting kelp ES knowledge to guide future and current marine spatial planning. </p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13255359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What evidence exists on the environmental occurrence and toxic effects of the tire additive 6PPD: a systematic map protocol.","authors":"Katryna J Seabrook, Julie E Adams, Stacey A Robinson, Markus Brinkmann, Tanya M Brown, Jonathan K Challis, Leah Chibwe, Sarah Marteinson, Danielle Philibert, Ryan S Prosser, Diane M Orihel","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00383-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00383-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The tire additive N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-Nʹ-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is widely produced in large volumes as a rubber antidegradant. This chemical can be released into the environment throughout the lifecycle of rubber products. Recently, 6PPD has become the subject of regulatory interest in some jurisdictions due to its widespread environmental occurrence and the acute toxicity of its transformation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-Nʹ-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPDQ) to some salmonids. As research advances for these emerging contaminants, it is critical to understand whether 6PPD and 6PPDQ concentrations in the environment are high enough to pose a risk to living organisms. Here, we present a protocol to conduct two linked systematic evidence maps related to (1) the occurrence of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in the environment and (2) the effects of 6PPD and 6PPDQ on living organisms. Our objective is to collate information on quantification methods, occurrence data, studied species, and toxicity endpoints. This work will contribute to synthesizing a rapidly expanding body of literature and providing insight into knowledge gaps to direct future work. METHODS: The systematic maps will be developed in accordance with the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management. A unified search strategy using chemical names, acronyms, identifiers, and trade names for 6PPD and 6PPDQ will be used for both maps. Searches will be conducted in seven databases, and grey literature will be sourced from key websites and Advisory Board input. Search results will be managed in a reference management software and screened at the title/abstract and full-text levels against predefined eligibility criteria based on the Population-Outcome and Population-Exposure-Comparison-Outcome framework for Map 1 and Map 2, respectively. A decision tree designed a priori will guide concurrent screening to determine article eligibility for either or both maps. For all eligible articles, bibliographic and study-specific data will be coded and entered into a searchable database. Both article screening and data coding will be completed by two independent reviewers. Two systematic evidence maps will summarize the evidence base using narrative synthesis, figures, and tables. </p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the adsorption efficiency and capacity of biodegradable polymer blend foams filled with carbonaceous materials in the removal of heavy metals from water? A systematic review protocol.","authors":"Lesia Sydney Mokoena, Pennie Petrus Mokolokolo, Julia Puseletso Mofokeng","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00384-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00384-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Water contamination by heavy metals poses serious risks to human health, ecosystems, and food security. Established and commonly used remediation methods have limitations in terms of cost, sustainability, and environmental impact, especially in under-resourced, developing, and underdeveloped countries. Recently, the emergence of biodegradable polymer blend foams filled with carbonaceous materials, such as graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, offers environmentally friendly adsorbents for heavy metals in water. However, a consolidated, synthetic overview of the evidence on material design, properties, adsorption capacities, and efficiencies remains lacking for these foams. The current systematic review aims to synthesise and critically evaluate the existing evidence on the fabrication, properties, adsorption mechanisms, and applicability of biodegradable polymer blend foams filled with carbonaceous materials for adsorbing heavy metals in water. The review also seeks to develop a consolidated evidence document that will inform policy, guide future research, and assist the development and implementation of sustainable treatment technologies for the removal of heavy metals in water in resource-limited areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review protocol is based on the question, \"What is the adsorption efficiency and capacity of biodegradable polymer blend foams filled with carbonaceous materials in the removal of heavy metals from water?\" A comprehensive search will be conducted using electronic bibliographic sources like Web of Science (core collections), Scopus, ScienceDirect, and search engines like PubMed, together with grey literature like Google Scholar, targeting peer-reviewed studies on laboratory and pilot-scale investigations of biodegradable polymer blend foams filled with carbonaceous materials for the removal of heavy metals from water. Eligibility criteria include studies on any type of water contaminated with heavy metals such as lead, copper, chromium, and cadmium. The extraction of data will be focused on material composition, processing techniques, characterisation, and adsorption performance. Quantitative data will be tabulated and, where applicable, subjected to meta-analysis. Researchers, consultants, and municipalities - especially in South Africa- will be consulted to contextualise findings and assist in translating evidence into practical water treatment solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global evidence for the ecological effects of greening of grey infrastructure: a systematic review protocol.","authors":"Jessica R Allen, Louise B Firth, Melanie J Bishop, Katherine A Dafforn, Ferrante Grasselli, Mick E Hanley, Antony M Knights, Mariana Mayer-Pinto, Abigail McQuatters-Gollop, Kathryn A O'Shaughnessy, Francesca Porri, Rebecca K Smith, Elisabeth M A Strain, Anaëlle J Lemasson","doi":"10.1186/s13750-026-00382-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-026-00382-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The presence of artificial structures in our marine environments is increasing rapidly, with negative impacts for biodiversity. Greening of grey infrastructure (GGI) - an eco-engineering method applied to the marine context - aims to increase the ecological value of traditional grey infrastructure, while still allowing it to perform its primary human-centric function. GGI is a rapidly increasing field of research, being tested and implemented worldwide by academics, private practitioners, governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), amongst others, using a variety of methods. Outcomes vary widely, and results are communicated across a range of peer-reviewed and grey literature, rendering the evidence base for the effectiveness of GGI fragmented. To inform future decision-making regarding GGI application, it is critical to consolidate and evaluate existing research. To do so, we propose a systematic review and meta-analysis that will answer the following primary question: \"What are the effects of GGI interventions applied to marine structures on the diversity, abundance, biomass, composition, and functional diversity of species on or around these ecologically enhanced structures?\". Additionally, we will answer a series of secondary questions relating to intervention type, material use, geographic variations and other relevant associated variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review will follow the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Guidelines and Standards for Evidence Synthesis in Environmental Management. Using a defined search string, literature searches will be run in English in at least five databases, three repositories and 10 websites, gathering both peer-reviewed and grey literature. Returns will be screened at title, abstract, and full text levels against defined inclusion criteria. Relevant metadata and effect data will be extracted from each study and used to write a narrative review and, where data allow, a meta-analysis of quantified effects. This review will provide a robust, up to date, consolidated and evaluated evidence base to inform future decision-making regarding the implementation of greening of grey infrastructure methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13072617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}