Meagan Harper, Trina Rytwinski, Jessica J Taylor, Joseph R Bennett, Karen E Smokorowski, Julian D Olden, Keith D Clarke, Tom Pratt, Neil Fisher, Alf Leake, Steven J Cooke
{"title":"How do changes in flow magnitude due to hydropower operations affect fish abundance and biomass in temperate regions? A systematic review.","authors":"Meagan Harper, Trina Rytwinski, Jessica J Taylor, Joseph R Bennett, Karen E Smokorowski, Julian D Olden, Keith D Clarke, Tom Pratt, Neil Fisher, Alf Leake, Steven J Cooke","doi":"10.1186/s13750-021-00254-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00254-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Altering the natural flow regime, an essential component of healthy fluvial systems, through hydropower operations has the potential to negatively impact freshwater fish populations. Establishing improved management of flow regimes requires better understanding of how fish respond to altered flow components, such as flow magnitude. Based on the results of a recent systematic map on the impacts of flow regime changes on direct outcomes of freshwater or estuarine fish productivity, evidence clusters on fish abundance and biomass responses were identified for full systematic review. The primary goal of this systematic review is to address one of those evidence clusters, with the following research question: how do changes in flow magnitude due to hydropower operations affect fish abundance and biomass?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review follows the guidelines of the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence. It examined commercially published and grey literature originally identified during the systematic map process and a systematic search update. All articles were screened using an a priori eligibility criteria at two stages (title and abstract, and full-text) and consistency checks were performed at all stages. All eligible articles were assessed for study validity and specifically designed data extraction and study validity tools were used. A narrative synthesis included all available evidence and meta-analysis using the standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) was conducted where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Review findings: </strong>A total of 133 studies from 103 articles were included in this systematic review for data extraction and critical appraisal. Most studies were from North America (60%) and were conducted at 146 different hydropower dams/facilities. Meta-analysis included 268 datasets from 58 studies, separated into three analyses based on replication type [temporal (within or between year replication) or spatial]. Fish abundance (226 datasets) and biomass (30 datasets) had variable responses to changes in flow magnitude with estimated overall mean effect sizes ranging from positive to negative and varying by study design and taxa. In studies with temporal replication, we found a detectable effect of alterations to the direction of flow magnitude, the presence of other flow components, sampling methods, season, and fish life stage. However, we found no detectable effect of these moderators for studies with spatial replication. Taxonomic analyses indicated variable responses to changes in flow magnitude and a bias towards salmonid species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This synthesis did not find consistent patterns in fish abundance or biomass responses to alterations or changes in flow magnitude. Fish responses to flow magnitude alterations or changes were highly variable and context dependent. Our synthesis suggests that biotic responses may not be generalizable across systems impacted b","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"11 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental EvidencePub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y
Neal R Haddaway, Adrienne Smith, Jessica J Taylor, Christopher Andrews, Steven J Cooke, Annika E Nilsson, Pamela Lesser
{"title":"Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining mitigation measures on social-ecological systems in Arctic and boreal regions: a systematic map.","authors":"Neal R Haddaway, Adrienne Smith, Jessica J Taylor, Christopher Andrews, Steven J Cooke, Annika E Nilsson, Pamela Lesser","doi":"10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00282-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mining can directly and indirectly affect social and environmental systems in a range of positive and negative ways, and may result in societal benefits, but may also cause conflicts, not least in relation to land use. Mining always affects the environment, whilst remediation and mitigation efforts may effectively ameliorate some negative environmental impacts. Social and environmental systems in Arctic and boreal regions are particularly sensitive to impacts from development for numerous reasons, not least of which are the reliance of Indigenous peoples on subsistence livelihoods and long recovery times of fragile ecosystems. With growing metal demand, mining in the Arctic is expected to increase, demanding a better understand its social and environmental impacts. We report here the results of a systematic mapping of research evidence of the impacts of metal mining in Arctic and boreal regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched multiple bibliographic databases and organisational websites for relevant research using tested search strategies. We also collected evidence from stakeholders and rightsholders identified in the wider 3MK project (Mapping the impacts of Mining using Multiple Knowledges, https://osf.io/cvh3u). We screened articles at three stages (title, abstract, and full text) according to a predetermined set of inclusion criteria, with consistency checks between reviewers at each level. We extracted data relating to causal linkages between actions or impacts and measured outcomes, along with descriptive information about the articles and studies. We have produced an interactive database along with interactive visualisations, and identify knowledge gaps and clusters using heat maps.</p><p><strong>Review findings: </strong>Searches identified over 32,000 potentially relevant records, which resulted in a total of 585 articles being retained in the systematic map. This corresponded to 902 lines of data on impact or mitigation pathways. The evidence was relatively evenly spread across topics, but there was a bias towards research in Canada (35% of the evidence base). Research was focused on copper (23%), gold (18%), and zinc (16%) extraction as the top three minerals, and open pit mines were most commonly studied (33%). Research most commonly focused on operation stages, followed by abandonment and post-closure, with little evidence on early stages (prospecting, exploration, construction; 2%), expansion (0.2%), or decommissioning/closure (0.3%). Mitigation measures were not frequently studied (18% articles), with groundwater mitigation most frequently investigated (54% of mitigations), followed by soil quality (12%) and flora species groups (10%). Control-impact study designs were most common (68%) with reference sites as the most frequently used comparator (43%). Only 7 articles investigated social and environmental outcomes together. the most commonly reported system was biodiversity (39%), follow","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"11 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9452284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33463724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental EvidencePub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-02-04DOI: 10.1186/s13750-021-00254-8
Meagan Harper, Trina Rytwinski, Jessica J Taylor, Joseph R Bennett, Karen E Smokorowski, Julian D Olden, Keith D Clarke, Tom Pratt, Neil Fisher, Alf Leake, Steven J Cooke
{"title":"How do changes in flow magnitude due to hydropower operations affect fish abundance and biomass in temperate regions? A systematic review.","authors":"Meagan Harper, Trina Rytwinski, Jessica J Taylor, Joseph R Bennett, Karen E Smokorowski, Julian D Olden, Keith D Clarke, Tom Pratt, Neil Fisher, Alf Leake, Steven J Cooke","doi":"10.1186/s13750-021-00254-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-021-00254-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Altering the natural flow regime, an essential component of healthy fluvial systems, through hydropower operations has the potential to negatively impact freshwater fish populations. Establishing improved management of flow regimes requires better understanding of how fish respond to altered flow components, such as flow magnitude. Based on the results of a recent systematic map on the impacts of flow regime changes on direct outcomes of freshwater or estuarine fish productivity, evidence clusters on fish abundance and biomass responses were identified for full systematic review. The primary goal of this systematic review is to address one of those evidence clusters, with the following research question: how do changes in flow magnitude due to hydropower operations affect fish abundance and biomass?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review follows the guidelines of the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence. It examined commercially published and grey literature originally identified during the systematic map process and a systematic search update. All articles were screened using an a priori eligibility criteria at two stages (title and abstract, and full-text) and consistency checks were performed at all stages. All eligible articles were assessed for study validity and specifically designed data extraction and study validity tools were used. A narrative synthesis included all available evidence and meta-analysis using the standardized mean difference (Hedges' <i>g</i>) was conducted where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Review findings: </strong>A total of 133 studies from 103 articles were included in this systematic review for data extraction and critical appraisal. Most studies were from North America (60%) and were conducted at 146 different hydropower dams/facilities. Meta-analysis included 268 datasets from 58 studies, separated into three analyses based on replication type [temporal (within or between year replication) or spatial]. Fish abundance (226 datasets) and biomass (30 datasets) had variable responses to changes in flow magnitude with estimated overall mean effect sizes ranging from positive to negative and varying by study design and taxa. In studies with temporal replication, we found a detectable effect of alterations to the direction of flow magnitude, the presence of other flow components, sampling methods, season, and fish life stage. However, we found no detectable effect of these moderators for studies with spatial replication. Taxonomic analyses indicated variable responses to changes in flow magnitude and a bias towards salmonid species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This synthesis did not find consistent patterns in fish abundance or biomass responses to alterations or changes in flow magnitude. Fish responses to flow magnitude alterations or changes were highly variable and context dependent. Our synthesis suggests that biotic responses may not be generalizable across systems imp","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"11 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8813579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39598414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental EvidencePub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-03-29DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00264-0
Geoff Frampton, Paul Whaley, Micah Bennett, Gary Bilotta, Jean-Lou C M Dorne, Jacqualyn Eales, Katy James, Christian Kohl, Magnus Land, Barbara Livoreil, David Makowski, Evans Muchiri, Gillian Petrokofsky, Nicola Randall, Kate Schofield
{"title":"Principles and framework for assessing the risk of bias for studies included in comparative quantitative environmental systematic reviews.","authors":"Geoff Frampton, Paul Whaley, Micah Bennett, Gary Bilotta, Jean-Lou C M Dorne, Jacqualyn Eales, Katy James, Christian Kohl, Magnus Land, Barbara Livoreil, David Makowski, Evans Muchiri, Gillian Petrokofsky, Nicola Randall, Kate Schofield","doi":"10.1186/s13750-022-00264-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13750-022-00264-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The internal validity of conclusions about effectiveness or impact in systematic reviews, and of decisions based on them, depends on risk of bias assessments being conducted appropriately. However, a random sample of 50 recently-published articles claiming to be quantitative environmental systematic reviews found 64% did not include any risk of bias assessment, whilst nearly all that did omitted key sources of bias. Other limitations included lack of transparency, conflation of quality constructs, and incomplete application of risk of bias assessments to the data synthesis. This paper addresses deficiencies in risk of bias assessments by highlighting core principles that are required for risk of bias assessments to be fit-for-purpose, and presenting a framework based on these principles to guide review teams on conducting risk of bias assessments appropriately and consistently. The core principles require that risk of bias assessments be Focused, Extensive, Applied and Transparent (FEAT). These principles support risk of bias assessments, appraisal of risk of bias tools, and the development of new tools. The framework follows a Plan-Conduct-Apply-Report approach covering all stages of risk of bias assessment. The scope of this paper is comparative quantitative environmental systematic reviews which address PICO or PECO-type questions including, but not limited to, topic areas such as environmental management, conservation, ecosystem restoration, and analyses of environmental interventions, exposures, impacts and risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental EvidencePub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-02-07DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00256-0
Lillian J Tuttle, Megan J Donahue
{"title":"Effects of sediment exposure on corals: a systematic review of experimental studies.","authors":"Lillian J Tuttle, Megan J Donahue","doi":"10.1186/s13750-022-00256-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-022-00256-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Management actions that address local-scale stressors on coral reefs can rapidly improve water quality and reef ecosystem condition. In response to reef managers who need actionable thresholds for coastal runoff and dredging, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies that explore the effects of sediment on corals. We identified exposure levels that 'adversely' affect corals while accounting for sediment bearing (deposited vs. suspended), coral life-history stage, and species, thus providing empirically based estimates of stressor thresholds on vulnerable coral reefs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched online databases and grey literature to obtain a list of potential studies, assess their eligibility, and critically appraise them for validity and risk of bias. Data were extracted from eligible studies and grouped by sediment bearing and coral response to identify thresholds in terms of the lowest exposure levels that induced an adverse physiological and/or lethal effect. Meta-regression estimated the dose-response relationship between exposure level and the magnitude of a coral's response, with random-effects structures to estimate the proportion of variance explained by factors such as study and coral species.</p><p><strong>Review findings: </strong>After critical appraisal of over 15,000 records, our systematic review of corals' responses to sediment identified 86 studies to be included in meta-analyses (45 studies for deposited sediment and 42 studies for suspended sediment). The lowest sediment exposure levels that caused adverse effects in corals were well below the levels previously described as 'normal' on reefs: for deposited sediment, adverse effects occurred as low as 1 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/day for larvae (limited settlement rates) and 4.9 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/day for adults (tissue mortality); for suspended sediment, adverse effects occurred as low as 10 mg/L for juveniles (reduced growth rates) and 3.2 mg/L for adults (bleaching and tissue mortality). Corals take at least 10 times longer to experience tissue mortality from exposure to suspended sediment than to comparable concentrations of deposited sediment, though physiological changes manifest 10 times faster in response to suspended sediment than to deposited sediment. Threshold estimates derived from continuous response variables (magnitude of adverse effect) largely matched the lowest-observed adverse-effect levels from a summary of studies, or otherwise helped us to identify research gaps that should be addressed to better quantify the dose-response relationship between sediment exposure and coral health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We compiled a global dataset that spans three oceans, over 140 coral species, decades of research, and a range of field- and lab-based approaches. Our review and meta-analysis inform the no-observed and lowest-observed adverse-effect levels (NOAEL, LOAEL) that are used in ma","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"11 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8818373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39915375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo, O. Perceval, C. Ferrier‐Pagès, I. Domart-Coulon, L. Hédouin, K. Burga, M. Guillaume, C. Calvayrac, M. Castelin, Y. Reyjol, Romain Sordello
{"title":"Estimating ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on tropical reef-building corals; a systematic review protocol","authors":"Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo, O. Perceval, C. Ferrier‐Pagès, I. Domart-Coulon, L. Hédouin, K. Burga, M. Guillaume, C. Calvayrac, M. Castelin, Y. Reyjol, Romain Sordello","doi":"10.1186/s13750-021-00250-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00250-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49197215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrie Ann Adams, E. Fernández‐Juricic, E. Bayne, C. S. St. Clair
{"title":"Effects of artificial light on bird movement and distribution: a systematic map","authors":"Carrie Ann Adams, E. Fernández‐Juricic, E. Bayne, C. S. St. Clair","doi":"10.1186/s13750-021-00246-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00246-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49559089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. S. Campagne, J. Langridge, J. Claudet, R. Mongruel, É. Thiébaut
{"title":"What evidence exists on how changes in marine ecosystem structure and functioning affect ecosystem services delivery? A systematic map protocol","authors":"C. S. Campagne, J. Langridge, J. Claudet, R. Mongruel, É. Thiébaut","doi":"10.1186/s13750-021-00251-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00251-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Harrison, Ben L. Phillips, J. Hemmi, A. Wayne, Rochelle Steven, N. Mitchell
{"title":"Identifying the most effective behavioural assays and predator cues for quantifying anti-predator responses in mammals: a systematic review","authors":"N. Harrison, Ben L. Phillips, J. Hemmi, A. Wayne, Rochelle Steven, N. Mitchell","doi":"10.1186/s13750-021-00253-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00253-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46019812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What evidence exists on the effects of competition on trees’ responses to climate change? A systematic map protocol","authors":"J. Magalhães, M. Amoroso, B. C. Larson","doi":"10.1186/s13750-021-00249-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-021-00249-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48621,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Evidence","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47554860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}