Geohealth最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Immediate and Lasting Impacts of COVID-19-Induced Isolation on Green Space Usage Patterns","authors":"Fengdi Ma","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001062","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly influenced urban lifestyles, particularly the utilization of green spaces. While existing studies have primarily focused on the immediate effects of COVID-19-induced isolation, less attention has been given to the enduring impacts on green space usage patterns. This study addresses this gap by conducting three comprehensive surveys in Dezhou, China—before, during, and after the first wave of social isolation (December 2019, March 2020, December 2020). These surveys assessed socioeconomic conditions, commuting habits, green space usage habits, and landscape preferences, specifically focusing on usage frequency, duration of stays, and activities undertaken. Using Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests and Spearman's rho correlations, we identified significant long-term changes, including an increase in the frequency of visits by previously infrequent users, a reduction in visit durations, and a rise in high-intensity activities. These trends persisted 9 months post-isolation, highlighting the pandemic's lasting impact on green space usage and its critical role in enhancing public health and pandemic preparedness through thoughtful urban environmental design. This study not only sheds light on behavioral adaptations during a public health crisis but also offers evidence-based strategies for urban planning to bolster societal resilience in the face of future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances From Electronic Waste Disassembly Areas and Steroid Hormones in Human Milk Samples","authors":"Qiyao Li,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Jianlin Lou,&nbsp;Shenghang Wang,&nbsp;Jin Guo Hang,&nbsp;Shoji F. Nakayama,&nbsp;Teruhiko Kido,&nbsp;Hao Feng,&nbsp;Xian Liang Sun,&nbsp;Jiancong Shan","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001142","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are long-lasting environmental contaminants that are released into the environment during the e-waste disassembly process, pose a threat to human health. Human milk is a complex and dynamic mixture of endogenous and exogenous substances, including steroid hormones and PFAS. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the association between PFAS and steroid hormones in human milk from women living close to an e-waste disassembly area. In 2021, we collected milk samples from 150 mothers within 4 weeks of delivery and analyzed them via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the levels of 21 perfluorinated compounds and five steroid hormones (estrone, estriol, testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione [A-dione]). We also performed multiple linear regression analysis to clarify the association between maternal PFAS exposure and steroid hormone concentrations. Our results indicated that PFOA and PFOS were positively associated with estrone (<i>β</i>, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.08–0.39) and A-dione (<i>β</i>, 0.186; 95% CI, 0.016–0.357) concentrations in human milk, respectively. Further, the average estimated daily intake of PFOA and PFOS were 36.5 ng/kg bw/day (range, 0.52–291.7 ng/kg bw/day) and 5.21 ng/kg bw/day (range, 0.26–32.3 ng/kg bw/day), respectively. Of concern, the PFAS intake of breastfeeding infants in the study area was higher than the recommended threshold. These findings suggested that prenatal exposure to PFAS from the e-waste disassembly process can influence steroid hormones levels in human milk. Increased efforts to mitigate mother and infant exposure to environmental pollutants are also required.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Climate Footprints of Vibrio vulnificus in Coastal Human Communities of the United States Gulf Coast","authors":"Yusuf Jamal,&nbsp;Moiz Usmani,&nbsp;Kyle D. Brumfield,&nbsp;Komalpreet Singh,&nbsp;Anwar Huq,&nbsp;Thanh Huong Nguyen,&nbsp;Rita Colwell,&nbsp;Antarpreet Jutla","doi":"10.1029/2023GH001005","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2023GH001005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The incidence of vibriosis is rising globally with evidence of climate variability influencing environmental processes that support growth of pathogenic <i>Vibrio spp</i>. The waterborne pathogen, <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> can invade wounds and has one of the highest case fatality rates in humans. The bacterium cannot be eradicated from the aquatic environment, hence climate driven environmental conditions enhancing growth and dissemination of <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> need to be understood to provide preemptive assessment of its presence and distribution in aquatic systems. To achieve this objective, satellite remote sensing was employed to quantify the association of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (chl-<i>a</i>) in locations with reported <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> infections. Monthly analysis was done in two populated regions of the Gulf of Mexico—Tampa Bay, Florida, and Galveston Bay, Texas. Results indicate warm water, characterized by a 2-month lag in SST, high concentration of phytoplankton, proxied for zooplankton using 1 month lagged chl-<i>a</i> values, was statistically linked to higher odds of <i>V</i>. <i>vulnificus</i> infection in the human population. Identification of climate and ecological processes thresholds is concluded to be useful for development of an heuristic prediction system designed to determine risk of infection for coastal populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Pollution and Mortality in India: Investigating the Nexus of Ambient and Household Pollution Across Life Stages","authors":"Mihir Adhikary,&nbsp;Nandita Saikia,&nbsp;Pallav Purohit,&nbsp;Vladimir Canudas-Romo,&nbsp;Wolfgang Schöpp","doi":"10.1029/2023GH000968","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2023GH000968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Air pollution in India is a foremost environmental risk factor that affects human health. This study first investigates the geographical distribution of ambient and household air pollution (HAP) and then examines the associated mortality risk. Data on fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentration has been extracted from the Greenhouse Gas Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model. HAP, mortality and socio-demographic data were extracted from the National Family and Health Survey-5, India, 2019–2021. Regression models were applied to see the difference in age-group mortality by different pollution parameters. The districts with PM_2.5 concentration above the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) level of 40 μg/m³ show a higher risk of neonatal (OR-1.86, CI 1.418–2.433), postneonatal (OR-2.04, CI 1.399–2.971), child (OR-2.19, CI 0.999–4.803) and adult death (OR-1.13, CI 1.060–1.208). The absence of a separate kitchen shows a higher probability of neonatal (OR: 1.18, CI 1.074–1.306) and adult death (OR-1.06, CI 1.027–1.088). The interaction between PM_2.5 levels above NAAQS and HAP leads to a substantial rise in mortality observed for neonatal (OR 1.19 CI 1.051–1.337), child (OR 1.17 CI 1.054–1.289), and adult (OR 1.13 CI 1.096–1.168) age groups. This study advocates that there is a strong positive association between ambient and HAP and mortality risk. PM_2.5 pollution significantly contributes to the mortality risk in all age groups. Children are more vulnerable to HAP than adults. In India, policymakers should focus on reducing the anthropogenic PM_2.5 emission at least to reach the NAAQS, which can substantially reduce disease burden and, more precisely, mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Health: Perspectives From Ghana","authors":"Martin Gameli Akakpo,&nbsp;Sylvia Hagan,&nbsp;Hayford Alufar Bokpin","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001030","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is impacting many aspects of human life in many ways. In Ghana, climate change knowledge remains low and discussions linking climate change and health are scarce. In this paper, authors contribute to the shaping of discussions about climate and health with a focus on how climate change increases certain ailments. First, the paper addresses the need for research in Ghanaian communities to link climate change and health. Second, the paper suggests the development of policies to address the link. Third, public health educators are advised in this paper to educate the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Patterns in Mortality Impacts Due To Heatwaves of Different Characteristics in Spanish Cities","authors":"Laura Paredes-Fortuny,&nbsp;Coral Salvador,&nbsp;Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera,&nbsp;Samira Khodayar","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001092","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of heatwaves (HWs) on human health is a topic of growing interest due to the global magnification of these phenomena and their substantial socio-economic impacts. As for other countries of Southern Europe, Spain is a region highly affected by heat and its increase under climate change. This is observed in the mean values and the increasing incidence of extreme weather events and associated mortality. Despite the vast knowledge on this topic, it remains unclear whether specific types and characteristics of HW are particularly harmful to the population and whether this shows a regional interdependency. The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between HW characteristics and mortality in 12 Spanish cities. We used separated time series analysis in each city applying a quasi-Poisson regression model and distributed lag linear and non-linear models. Results show an increase in the mortality risk under HW conditions in the cities with a lower HW frequency. However, this increase exhibits remarkable differences across the cities under study not showing any general pattern in the HW characteristics-mortality association. This relationship is shown to be complex and strongly dependent on the local properties of each city pointing out the crucial need to examine and understand on a local scale the HW characteristics and the HW-mortality relationship for an efficient design and implementation of prevention measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11298710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source Attribution of Health Burdens From Ambient PM2.5, O3, and NO2 Exposure for Assessment of South Korean National Emission Control Scenarios by 2050","authors":"Jinkyul Choi,&nbsp;Daven K. Henze,&nbsp;M. Omar Nawaz,&nbsp;Christopher S. Malley","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001042","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We quantify anthropogenic sources of health burdens associated with ambient air pollution exposure in South Korea and forecast future health burdens using domestic emission control scenarios by 2050 provided by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Our health burden estimation framework uses GEOS-Chem simulations, satellite-derived NO₂, and ground-based observations of PM_2.5, O₃, and NO₂. We estimate 19,000, 3,300, and 8,500 premature deaths owing to long-term exposure to PM_2.5, O₃, and NO₂, respectively, and 23,000 NO₂-associated childhood asthma incidences in 2016. Next, we calculate anthropogenic emission contributions to these four health burdens from each species and grid cell using adjoint sensitivity analysis. Domestic sources account for 56%, 38%, 87%, and 88% of marginal emission contributions to the PM_2.5-, O₃-, and NO₂-associated premature deaths and the NO₂-associated childhood asthma incidences, respectively. We project health burdens to 2050 using UNEP domestic emission scenarios (Baseline and Mitigation) and population forecasts from Statistics Korea. Because of population aging alone, there are 41,000, 10,000, and 20,000 more premature deaths associated with PM_2.5, O₃, and NO₂ exposure, respectively, and 9,000 fewer childhood asthma incidences associated with NO₂. The Mitigation scenario doubles the NO₂-associated health benefits over the Baseline scenario, preventing 24,000 premature deaths and 13,000 childhood asthma incidences by 2050. It also slightly reduces PM_2.5- and O₃-associated premature deaths by 9.9% and 7.0%, unlike the Baseline scenario where these pollutants increase. Furthermore, we examine foreign emission impacts from nine SSP/RCP-based scenarios, highlighting the need for international cooperation to reduce PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11297529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozone Mortality Burden Changes Driven by Population Aging and Regional Inequity in China in 2013–2050","authors":"Xiaokang Chen,&nbsp;Zhe Jiang,&nbsp;Yanan Shen,&nbsp;Shuxiao Wang,&nbsp;Drew Shindell,&nbsp;Yuqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001058","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Air pollution exposure is closely linked to population age and socioeconomic status. Population aging and imbalance in regional economy are thus anticipated to have important implications on ozone (O₃)-related health impacts. Here we provide a driver analysis for O₃ mortality burden due to respiratory disease in China over 2013–2050 driven by population aging and regional inequity. Unexpectedly, we find that population aging is estimated to result in dramatic rises in annual O₃ mortality burden in China; by 56, 101–137, and 298–485 thousand over the periods 2013–2020, 2020–2030, and 2030–2050, respectively. This reflects the exponential rise in baseline mortality rates with increasing age. The aging-induced mortality burden rise in 2030–2050 is surprisingly large, as it is comparable to the net national mortality burden due to O₃ exposure in 2030 (359–399 thousand yr⁻¹). The health impacts of O₃ pollution, shown as mortality burden per capita, are inequitably distributed, with more severe effects in less developed provinces than their developed counterparts by 23.1% and 21.5% in 2019 and 2030, respectively. However, the regional inequity in O₃ mortality burden is expected to be mitigated in 2050. This temporal variation reflects evolving demographic dividend characterized by a larger proportion of younger individuals in developed regions. These findings are critical for targeted improvement of healthcare services to ensure the sustainability of social development.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Urban Heat Island: Strengthening the Connection Between Spaceborne Thermal Observations and Urban Heat Risk Management","authors":"Leiqiu Hu,&nbsp;Christopher Uejio","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001114","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As urbanization progresses under a changing climate, urban populations face increasing threats from chronically higher heat exposures and more frequent extreme heat events. Understanding the complex urban thermal exposure patterns becomes crucial for effective heat risk management. The spatial advantage of satellite thermal observations positions surface urban heat islands (SUHI) as a primary measure for such applications at the city scale. However, satellite-inherent biases pose considerable uncertainties. To improve the representation of human-relevant heat exposure, this study proposes a simple but effective satellite-based measure– ground urban heat island (GUHI), focusing solely on radiant temperatures from urban ground elements. Leveraging ECOSTRESS land surface temperature product and radiation-based statistical downscaling, diurnally representative GUHIs were evaluated over NYC. The findings reveal that overall GUHI is consistently warmer than SUHI diurnally. However, GUHI exhibits complex spatial contrasts with SUHI, primarily influenced by vegetation coverage. Various indicators associated with urban structures and materials were examined, showing important but dissimilar roles in shaping the spatial dynamics of GUHI and SUHI. This study highlights the value of satellite thermal observations compared to air temperature while addressing uncertainties in widely adopted practices of using them. By improving the depiction of human-related urban heat patterns from Earth observations, this research offers valuable insight and more reliable measures to address the urgent requirements for urban heat risk management globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11266779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Quality Monitoring and the Safety of Farmworkers in Wildfire Mandatory Evacuation Zones","authors":"Carlo A. Chunga Pizarro,&nbsp;Rebecca R. Buchholz,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Hornbrook,&nbsp;Kevin Christensen,&nbsp;Michael Méndez","doi":"10.1029/2024GH001033","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GH001033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires due to climate change pose health risks to migrant farm workers laboring in wildfire-prone regions. This study focuses on Sonoma County, California, investigating the effectiveness of air monitoring and safety protections for farmworkers. The analysis employs AirNow and PurpleAir PM_2.5 data acquired during the 2020 wildfire season, comparing spatial variability in air pollution. Results show significant differences between the single Sonoma County AirNow station data and the PurpleAir data in the regions directly impacted by wildfire smoke. Three distinct wildfire pollution episodes with elevated PM_2.5 levels are identified to examine the regional variations. This study also examines the system used to exempt farmworkers from wildfire mandatory evacuation orders, finding incomplete information, ad hoc decision-making, and scant enforcement. In response, we make policy recommendations that include stricter requirements for employers, real-time air quality monitoring, post-exposure health screenings, and hazard pay. Our findings underscore the need for significant consideration of localized air quality readings and the importance of equitable disaster policies for protecting the health of farmworkers (particularly those who are undocumented migrants) in the face of escalating wildfire risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":48618,"journal":{"name":"Geohealth","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}