Journal of Pathology Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"Identifying primary tumor site of origin for liver metastases via a combination of handcrafted and deep learning features","authors":"Chuheng Chen,&nbsp;Cheng Lu,&nbsp;Vidya Viswanathan,&nbsp;Brandon Maveal,&nbsp;Bhunesh Maheshwari,&nbsp;Joseph Willis,&nbsp;Anant Madabhushi","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.344","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liver is one of the most common sites for metastases, which can occur on account of primary tumors from multiple sites of origin. Identifying the primary site of origin (PSO) of a metastasis can help in guiding therapeutic options for liver metastases. In this pilot study, we hypothesized that computer extracted handcrafted (HC) histomorphometric features can be utilized to identify the PSO of liver metastases. Cellular features, including tumor nuclei morphological and graph features as well as cytoplasm texture features, were extracted by computer algorithms from 175 slides (114 patients). The study comprised three experiments: (1) comparing and (2) fusing a machine learning (ML) model trained with HC pathomic features and deep learning (DL)-based classifiers to predict site of origin; (3) identifying the section of the primary tumor from which metastases were derived. For experiment 1, we divided the cohort into training sets composed of primary and matched liver metastases [60 patients, 121 whole slide images (WSIs)], and a hold-out validation set (54 patients, 54 WSIs) composed solely of liver metastases of known site of origin. Using the extracted HC features of the training set, a combination of supervised machine classifiers and unsupervised clustering was applied to identify the PSO. A random forest classifier achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.83, 0.64, 0.82, and 0.64 in classifying the metastatic tumor from colon, esophagus, breast, and pancreas on the validation set. The top features related to nuclear and peri-nuclear shape and textural attributes. We also trained a DL network to serve as a direct comparison to our method. The DL model achieved AUCs for colon: 0.94, esophagus: 0.66, breast: 0.79, and pancreas: 0.67 in identifying PSO. A decision fusion-based strategy was deployed to fuse the trained ML and DL classifiers and achieved slightly better results than ML or DL classifier alone (colon: 0.93, esophagus: 0.68, breast: 0.81, and pancreas: 0.69). For the third experiment, WSI-level attention maps were also generated using a trained DL network to generate a composite feature similarity heat map between paired primaries and their associated metastases. Our experiments revealed that epithelium-rich and moderately differentiated tumor regions of primary tumors were quantitatively similar to paired metastatic tumors. Our findings suggest that a combination of HC and DL features could potentially help identify the PSO for liver metastases while at the same time also potentially identify the spatial sites of origin for the metastases within primary tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjp2.344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of B7-H3 and TIM-3 in gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma: prevalence, association with PD-L1 expression, and prognostic significance","authors":"Yao Sun,&nbsp;Xin Zhou,&nbsp;Elena Lucas,&nbsp;Lili Chen,&nbsp;Huijuan Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Chen,&nbsp;Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.345","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) is the second most common subtype of endocervical adenocarcinoma and has a poor prognosis. Anti-programmed death-1 and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have emerged as a major treatment option for GEA; however, data on the expression of other immune checkpoints in GEA are limited. We analyzed the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) and B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3) in 58 GEA and investigated their prognostic significance as well as association with PD-L1 expression and other known prognostic factors. Applying the tumor proportion score (TPS) with a cutoff of 1%, B7-H3 and TIM-3 were present in 48.3% and 17.2% of cases, respectively. Applying the combined positive score (CPS) with a cutoff of 1, TIM-3 expression was present in 70.7% of cases. Moreover, the expression of three checkpoints (B7-H3, TIM-3, and PD-L1) was incompletely overlapping. Patients with B7-H3 positive tumors (by TPS) or TIM-3 positive tumors (by TPS) had significantly worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (log-rank). Using CPS, patients with TIM-3 positive tumors showed significantly worse RFS (log-rank). Similarly, B7-H3 positivity (by TPS) and TIM-3 positivity (by TPS) were associated with worse RFS and OS in univariate analysis. TIM-3 positivity (by CPS) was associated with worse RFS in univariate analysis and the final Cox multivariate analysis. In conclusion, our results show that (1) B7-H3 and TIM-3 are frequently expressed in GEA and their expression overlaps incompletely with PD-L1; and (2) both B7-H3 and TIM-3 are independent negative prognostic markers in GEA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjp2.345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41180307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for intensity variation in image analysis of large-scale multiplexed clinical trial datasets","authors":"Anja L Frei,&nbsp;Anthony McGuigan,&nbsp;Ritik RAK Sinha,&nbsp;Mark A Glaire,&nbsp;Faiz Jabbar,&nbsp;Luciana Gneo,&nbsp;Tijana Tomasevic,&nbsp;Andrea Harkin,&nbsp;Tim J Iveson,&nbsp;Mark Saunders,&nbsp;Karin Oein,&nbsp;Noori Maka,&nbsp;Francesco Pezella,&nbsp;Leticia Campo,&nbsp;Jennifer Hay,&nbsp;Joanne Edwards,&nbsp;Owen J Sansom,&nbsp;Caroline Kelly,&nbsp;Ian Tomlinson,&nbsp;Wanja Kildal,&nbsp;Rachel S Kerr,&nbsp;David J Kerr,&nbsp;Håvard E Danielsen,&nbsp;Enric Domingo,&nbsp;TransSCOT Consortium,&nbsp;David N Church,&nbsp;Viktor H Koelzer","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.342","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) imaging can provide comprehensive quantitative and spatial information for multiple immune markers for tumour immunoprofiling. However, application at scale to clinical trial samples sourced from multiple institutions is challenging due to pre-analytical heterogeneity. This study reports an analytical approach to the largest multi-parameter immunoprofiling study of clinical trial samples to date. We analysed 12,592 tissue microarray (TMA) spots from 3,545 colorectal cancers sourced from more than 240 institutions in two clinical trials (QUASAR 2 and SCOT) stained for CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, FoxP3, pan-cytokeratin, and DAPI by mIF. TMA slides were multi-spectrally imaged and analysed by cell-based and pixel-based marker analysis. We developed an adaptive thresholding method to account for inter- and intra-slide intensity variation in TMA analysis. Applying this method effectively ameliorated inter- and intra-slide intensity variation improving the image analysis results compared with methods using a single global threshold. Correlation of CD8 data derived by our mIF analysis approach with single-plex chromogenic immunohistochemistry CD8 data derived from subsequent sections indicates the validity of our method (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients <i>ρ</i> between 0.63 and 0.66, <i>p</i> ≪ 0.01) as compared with the current gold standard analysis approach. Evaluation of correlation between cell-based and pixel-based analysis results confirms equivalency (<i>ρ</i> &gt; 0.8, <i>p</i> ≪ 0.01, except for CD20 in the epithelial region) of both analytical approaches. These data suggest that our adaptive thresholding approach can enable analysis of mIF-stained clinical trial TMA datasets by digital pathology at scale for precision immunoprofiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":"449-463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjp2.342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10580413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the risks of nuclear war – the role of health professionals","authors":"Kamran Abbasi,&nbsp;Parveen Ali,&nbsp;Virginia Barbour,&nbsp;Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo,&nbsp;Marcel GM Olde Rikkert,&nbsp;Andy Haines,&nbsp;Ira Helfand,&nbsp;Richard Horton,&nbsp;Bob Mash,&nbsp;Arun Mitra,&nbsp;Carlos Monteiro,&nbsp;Elena N Naumova,&nbsp;Eric J Rubin,&nbsp;Tilman Ruff,&nbsp;Peush Sahni,&nbsp;James Tumwine,&nbsp;Paul Yonga,&nbsp;Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.341","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.341","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In January, 2023, the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists moved the hands of the Doomsday Clock forward to 90s before midnight, reflecting the growing risk of nuclear war [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. In August 2022, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned that the world is now in ‘a time of nuclear danger not seen since the height of the Cold War’ [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. The danger has been underlined by growing tensions between many nuclear-armed states [&lt;span&gt;1, 3&lt;/span&gt;]. As editors of health and medical journals worldwide, we call on health professionals to alert the public and our leaders to this major danger to public health and the essential life support systems of the planet – and urge action to prevent it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Current nuclear arms control and non-proliferation efforts are inadequate to protect the world's population against the threat of nuclear war by design, error, or miscalculation. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) commits each of the 190 participating nations ‘to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control’ [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Progress has been disappointingly slow and the most recent NPT review conference in 2022 ended without an agreed statement [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. There are many examples of near disasters that have exposed the risks of depending on nuclear deterrence for the indefinite future [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. Modernisation of nuclear arsenals could increase risks: for example, hypersonic missiles decrease the time available to distinguish between an attack and a false alarm, increasing the likelihood of rapid escalation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Any use of nuclear weapons would be catastrophic for humanity. Even a ‘limited’ nuclear war involving only 250 of the 13,000 nuclear weapons in the world could kill 120 million people outright and cause global climate disruption, leading to a nuclear famine, putting 2 billion people at risk [&lt;span&gt;7, 8&lt;/span&gt;]. A large-scale nuclear war between the USA and Russia could kill 200 million people or more in the near term, and potentially cause a global ‘nuclear winter’ that could kill 5–6 billion people, threatening the survival of humanity [&lt;span&gt;7, 8&lt;/span&gt;]. Once a nuclear weapon is detonated, escalation to all-out nuclear war could occur rapidly. The prevention of any use of nuclear weapons is therefore an urgent public health priority and fundamental steps must also be taken to address the root cause of the problem – by abolishing nuclear weapons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The health community has had a crucial role in efforts to reduce the risk of nuclear war and must continue to do so in the future [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;]. In the 1980s, the efforts of health professionals, led by the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), helped to end the Cold War ","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":"439-441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjp2.341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10173413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital image analysis allows objective stratification of patients with silent PIT1-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","authors":"Jiangyan Zhao,&nbsp;Chenxing Ji,&nbsp;Haixia Cheng,&nbsp;Zhen Ye,&nbsp;Boyuan Yao,&nbsp;Ming Shen,&nbsp;Xuefei Shou,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou,&nbsp;Hongying Ye,&nbsp;Zhaoyun Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Chen,&nbsp;Yongfei Wang,&nbsp;Fuchu He,&nbsp;Yao Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Gong,&nbsp;Qilin Zhang,&nbsp;Nidan Qiao","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.340","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies describing the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with silent PIT1 (pituitary specific transcription factor)-lineage pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are rare. We identified patients with positive PIT1 tumor staining but without evidence of hormone hypersecretion at a tertiary center. Clusters were obtained according to cell morphology and immunostaining from each patient's digitally segmented whole slide image. We compared the clinical presentations, radiological features, and prognoses of the different clusters. We identified 146 patients (68 male, 42.9 ± 14.1 years old) with silent PIT1-lineage PitNETs. Morphology clustering suggested that tumors with large nuclei and apparent eccentricity were associated with a higher proportion of aggressiveness and a higher hazard of recurrence [hazard ratio (HR): 2.64, (95% CI, 1.06–6.55), <i>p</i> = 0.037]. Immunohistochemical clustering suggested that tumors with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) staining or all negative PIT1-lineage hormones were associated with a higher proportion of aggressiveness and a higher risk of recurrence [HR: 12.4, (95% CI, 1.60–93.5), <i>p</i> = 0.015]. We obtained three-tier risk profiles by combining morphological and immunohistochemical clustering. Patients with the high-risk profile presented the highest recurrence rate compared with those in the medium-risk and low-risk profiles [HR: 3.54, (95% CI, 1.40–8.93), <i>p</i> = 0.002]. In conclusion, digital image analysis based on cell morphology and immunohistochemical staining allows objective stratification of patients with silent PIT1-lineage tumors. Typical morphological characteristics of high-risk tumors are large tumor nuclei and high eccentricity, and typical immunostaining characteristics are TSH staining or negative staining for all PIT1-lineage hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":"488-497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjp2.340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10500273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the risks of nuclear war – the role of health professionals","authors":"K. Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Marcel G M Olde Rikkert, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, R. Horton, Bob Mash, A. Mitra, C. Monteiro, E. Naumova, E. J. Rubin, Tilman Ruff, P. Sahni, J. Tumwine, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.37.3.3291","url":null,"abstract":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali , Virginia Barbour , Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo , Marcel GM Olde Rikkert , Andy Haines , Ira Helfand, Richard Horton , Bob Mash , Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro , Elena N Naumova , Eric J Rubin , Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni , James Tumwine , Paul Yonga and Chris Zielinski* British Medical Journal, London, UK International Nursing Review, Sheffield, UK Medical Journal of Australia, Brisbane, Australia JAMA, San Francisco, CA, USA Dutch Journal of Medicine, Nijmegen, The Netherlands London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Springfield, IL, USA The Lancet, London, UK African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, Stellenbosch, South Africa International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Ludhiana, India Revista de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, Brazil Journal of Public Health Policy, Boston, MA, USA New England Journal of Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Melbourne, Australia National Medical Journal of India, New Delhi, India African Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda East African Medical Journal, Nairobi, Kenya University of Winchester, Winchester, UK","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"439 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44772171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational practice of fluorescence in situ hybridisation to identify neuroblastic tumours with TERT rearrangements","authors":"Yongbo Yu,&nbsp;Meng Zhang,&nbsp;Xingfeng Yao,&nbsp;Xiaoxing Guan,&nbsp;Chao Jia,&nbsp;Ping Chu,&nbsp;Ruqian Zhang,&nbsp;Yeran Yang,&nbsp;Yaqiong Jin,&nbsp;Huanmin Wang,&nbsp;Xin Ni,&nbsp;Lejian He,&nbsp;Yongli Guo","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.338","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, <i>telomerase reverse transcriptase</i> (<i>TERT</i>) gene rearrangements have been identified in neuroblastoma (NB), the typical pathological type of neuroblastic tumours (NTs); however, the prevalence of <i>TERT</i> rearrangements in other types of NT remains unknown. This study aimed to develop a practical method for detecting <i>TERT</i> defects and to evaluate the clinical relevance of <i>TERT</i> rearrangements as a biomarker for NT prognosis. A <i>TERT</i> break-apart probe for fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridisation (FISH) was designed, optimised, and applied to assess the genomic status of <i>TERT</i> in Chinese children with NTs at the Beijing Children's Hospital from 2016 to 2019. Clinical, histological, and genetic characteristics of <i>TERT</i>-rearranged NTs were further addressed. Genomic <i>TERT</i> rearrangements could be effectively detected by FISH and were mutually exclusive with <i>MYCN</i> amplification. <i>TERT</i> rearrangements were identified in 6.0% (38/633) of NTs overall, but 12.4% (31/250) in high-risk patients. <i>TERT</i> rearrangements identified a subtype of aggressive NTs with the characteristics of Stage 3/4, high-risk category, over 18 months old, and presenting all histological subtypes of NB and ganglioneuroblastoma nodular. Moreover, <i>TERT</i> rearrangements were significantly associated with elevated <i>TERT</i> expression levels and decreased survival chances. Multivariable analysis confirmed that it was an independent prognostic marker for NTs. FISH is an easily applicable method for evaluating <i>TERT</i> defects, which define a subgroup of NTs with unfavourable prognosis. <i>TERT</i> rearrangements would contribute to characterising NT molecular signatures in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":"475-487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b1/e3/CJP2-9-475.PMC10556277.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10052195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High expression of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) distinguishes colorectal mixed and pure neuroendocrine carcinomas from conventional adenocarcinomas with diffuse expression of synaptophysin","authors":"Anne-Sophie Litmeyer,&nbsp;Björn Konukiewitz,&nbsp;Atsuko Kasajima,&nbsp;Sebastian Foersch,&nbsp;Felix Schicktanz,&nbsp;Maxime Schmitt,&nbsp;Franziska Kellers,&nbsp;Albert Grass,&nbsp;Paul Jank,&nbsp;Bettina Lehman,&nbsp;Thomas M Gress,&nbsp;Anja Rinke,&nbsp;Detlef K Bartsch,&nbsp;Carsten Denkert,&nbsp;Wilko Weichert,&nbsp;Günter Klöppel,&nbsp;Moritz Jesinghaus","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.339","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complementary to synaptophysin and chromogranin A, insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has emerged as a sensitive marker for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Since there are no comparative data regarding INSM1 expression in conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs) and colorectal mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas/neuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs/NECs), we examined INSM1 in a large cohort of conventional CRCs and MANECs/NECs. In conventional CRC, we put a special focus on conventional CRC with diffuse expression of synaptophysin, which carry the risk of being misinterpreted as a MANEC or a NEC. We investigated INSM1 according to the immunoreactive score in our main cohort of 1,033 conventional CRCs and 21 MANECs/NECs in comparison to the expression of synaptophysin and chromogranin A and correlated the results with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. All MANECs/NECs expressed INSM1, usually showing high or moderate expression (57% high, 34% moderate, and 9% low), which distinguished them from conventional CRCs, which were usually INSM1 negative or low, even if they diffusely expressed synaptophysin. High expression of INSM1 was not observed in conventional CRCs. Chromogranin A was negative/low in most conventional CRCs (99%), but also in most MANECs/NECs (66%). Comparable results were observed in our independent validation cohorts of conventional CRC (<i>n</i> = 274) and MANEC/NEC (<i>n</i> = 19). Similar to synaptophysin, INSM1 expression had no prognostic relevance in conventional CRCs, while true MANEC/NEC showed a highly impaired survival in univariate and multivariate analyses (e.g. disease-specific survival: <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). MANECs/NECs are a highly aggressive variant of colorectal cancer, which must be reliably identified. High expression of INSM1 distinguishes MANEC/NEC from conventional CRCs with diffuse expression of the standard neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin, which do not share the same dismal prognosis. Therefore, high INSM1 expression is a highly specific/sensitive marker that is supportive for the diagnosis of true colorectal MANEC/NEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":"498-509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/be/0b/CJP2-9-498.PMC10556265.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10053769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation profile discriminates sporadic giant cell granulomas of the jaws and cherubism from their giant cell-rich histological mimics","authors":"Letícia Martins Guimarães,&nbsp;Daniel Baumhoer,&nbsp;Vanghelita Andrei,&nbsp;Dennis Friedel,&nbsp;Christian Koelsche,&nbsp;Ricardo Santiago Gomez,&nbsp;Andreas von Deimling,&nbsp;Carolina Cavalieri Gomes","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.337","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sporadic giant cell granulomas (GCGs) of the jaws and cherubism-associated giant cell lesions share histopathological features and microscopic diagnosis alone can be challenging. Additionally, GCG can morphologically closely resemble other giant cell-rich lesions, including non-ossifying fibroma (NOF), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), and chondroblastoma. The epigenetic basis of these giant cell-rich tumours is unclear and DNA methylation profiling has been shown to be clinically useful for the diagnosis of other tumour types. Therefore, we aimed to assess the DNA methylation profile of central and peripheral sporadic GCG and cherubism to test whether DNA methylation patterns can help to distinguish them. Additionally, we compared the DNA methylation profile of these lesions with those of other giant cell-rich mimics to investigate if the microscopic similarities extend to the epigenetic level. DNA methylation analysis was performed for central (<i>n</i> = 10) and peripheral (<i>n</i> = 10) GCG, cherubism (<i>n</i> = 6), NOF (<i>n</i> = 10), ABC (<i>n</i> = 16), GCTB (<i>n</i> = 9), and chondroblastoma (<i>n</i> = 10) using the Infinium Human Methylation EPIC Chip. Central and peripheral sporadic GCG and cherubism share a related DNA methylation pattern, with those of peripheral GCG and cherubism appearing slightly distinct, while central GCG shows overlap with both of the former. NOF, ABC, GCTB, and chondroblastoma, on the other hand, have distinct methylation patterns. The global and enhancer-associated CpG DNA methylation values showed a similar distribution pattern among central and peripheral GCG and cherubism, with cherubism showing the lowest and peripheral GCG having the highest median values. By contrast, promoter regions showed a different methylation distribution pattern, with cherubism showing the highest median values. In conclusion, DNA methylation profiling is currently not capable of clearly distinguishing sporadic and cherubism-associated giant cell lesions. Conversely, it could discriminate sporadic GCG of the jaws from their giant cell-rich mimics (NOF, ABC, GCTB, and chondroblastoma).</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":"464-474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/51/CJP2-9-464.PMC10556276.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10332289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAD51 as a biomarker for homologous recombination deficiency in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: robustness and interobserver variability of the RAD51 test","authors":"Claire JH Kramer,&nbsp;Alba Llop-Guevara,&nbsp;Elisa Yaniz-Galende,&nbsp;Benedetta Pellegrino,&nbsp;Natalja T ter Haar,&nbsp;Andrea Herencia-Ropero,&nbsp;Nicoletta Campanini,&nbsp;Antonino Musolino,&nbsp;Tjalling Bosse,&nbsp;Alexandra Leary,&nbsp;Violeta Serra,&nbsp;Maaike PG Vreeswijk","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The RAD51 test is emerging as a promising biomarker for the assessment of functional homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Yet, the robustness and reproducibility of the immunofluorescence-based RAD51 test, in different academic laboratories, have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, we tested the performance of the RAD51 assay in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) samples in four European laboratories. Here, we confirm that subtle differences in staining procedures result in low variability of RAD51 and γH2AX scores. However, substantial variability in RAD51 scoring was observed in some samples, likely due to complicating technical and biological features, such as high RAD51 signal-to-noise ratio and RAD51 heterogeneity. These results support the need to identify and perform additional quality control steps and/or automating image analysis. Altogether, resolving technical issues should be a priority, as identifying tumours with functional HRD is urgently needed to guide the individual treatment of HGSOC patients. Follow-up studies are needed to define the key tissue quality requirements to assess HRD by RAD51 in FFPE tumour samples, as this test could help in guiding the individual treatment of HGSOC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":"9 6","pages":"442-448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/14/CJP2-9-442.PMC10556259.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10242543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}