Journal of Pathology Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"The Performance of the Thyroid Gland is Affected by the Intellectual and Psychological Pressures that College Students Endure During Exam Time","authors":"Majid M Mahmood","doi":"10.23880/cprj-16000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/cprj-16000162","url":null,"abstract":"The thyroid gland is affected by many factors, such as age, gender, and ethnicity. The gland is also influenced by metabolism, stress, and psychological state. In this clinical scenario, establishing a reference period for TSH, T3, and T4 is critical for the diagnosis of thyroid functional disorders before and after screening. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of mental stress on the levels of TSH, T3, and T4 before and after the exam. The study was conducted from December until the end of February 2022 at the Middle Technical College, University of Baghdad. 45 healthy young students, ranging in age from 19 to 23 years, were included in this study. The results found a significant difference between T4 levels in pre- and post-exam in males when compared with females, and there was also a difference between the levels of T3 and TSH in pre- and post-exam. Conclusion: Mental stress affects thyroid hormones by affecting the central regulation of TSH levels.","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Torsion Case of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Natural Course with Laparoscopic, Cytological and Pathological Findings","authors":"Kenji Niwa","doi":"10.23880/cprj-16000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/cprj-16000157","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome cases with adnexal torsion in a natural cycle without ovarian induction are rare, and many torsion cases in PCOs involve pelvic masses, such as uterine fibroids. A 37-year-old woman, gravida two para two, came in an emergency because of lower abdominal pain for 2 or 3 days. PCO was followed in a previous hospital. At a visit in her Douglas pouch, a 7.3 x 4.5 cm mass that was consistent with the point of tenderness was detected by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance images. The patient underwent a semi-emergent laparoscopic surgery for a diagnosis of torsion of the left adnexa. At an abdominal exploration, the left ovary was swollen to approximate 7 cm in size and twisted 360°clockwise. The intraoperative imprint cytology showed the presence of fibrous cells alone, thus the malignancy denied. Histologically, fibrously thickened cortex and multiple follicular cysts due to atretic follicles were found, compatible with PCO. As the patient did not desire to have children and less likely to twist the right ovary, she wanted having low dose pills.","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectopic Pregnancy in the Cervix-A Case Report with Review of Literature","authors":"Pranjal Shah","doi":"10.23880/cprj-16000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/cprj-16000161","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical ectopic pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy with an evidence of less than 0.1% of all ectopic pregnancies. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality and may lead to massive hemorrhage, which may require hysterectomy to save the patient. We report a case of ectopic pregnancy in cervix in a 27-year-old female patient with a previous history of lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). The current pregnancy was complicated with a massive hemorrhage, hence leading to hysterectomy","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serpentine Aneurysm of the Placenta with Good Fetal Outcome","authors":"Leila Haghi","doi":"10.23880/cprj-16000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/cprj-16000152","url":null,"abstract":"We report an exceedingly rare case of placental serpentine aneurysm. A 21-year-old gravida 3 para 1-0-1-1 with the history of a prior C-section presented at 35 weeks of gestation with the complaint of decreasing or absent fetal movements, previously there were no complications during her pregnancy. She underwent an emergent C-section due to non-reassuring fetal heart tones and delivered a female infant weighing 2145 grams without malformation and Apgar scores of 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes. The premature neonate was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and was discharged a few days later in good health and has done well since. The placenta weighed 768 grams with a three-vessel umbilical cord. The fetal surface was blue-gray and had multiple markedly dilated tortuous vessels (ranging in diameter from 0.5-1.4 cm) which were attached to a single area on the fetal surface. A Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain was negative for elastic fibers. The placental disc had a 7.1 cm peripheral infarct involving approximately 10% of the disc. There have been 3 cases reported previously in which two were associated with intrauterine growth restriction and one with molar transformation. In conclusion, placental serpentine aneurysm is a rare finding and unlike prior cases was associated with prematurity, decreased fetal movements, and nonreassuring fetal heart tones; a good outcome occurred because of prompt medical intervention.","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135551011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel NGS-based diagnostic algorithm for classifying multifocal lung adenocarcinomas in pN0M0 patients","authors":"Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoxi Fan,&nbsp;Changbo Sun,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Miao,&nbsp;Liming Wang,&nbsp;Peng Yang,&nbsp;Yang Xu,&nbsp;Xue Ren,&nbsp;Xue Wu,&nbsp;Shun Xu","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The classification of multifocal lung adenocarcinomas (MLAs), including multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas (MPLAs) and intrapulmonary metastases (IPMs), has great clinical significance in staging and treatment determination. However, the application of molecular approaches in pN0M0 MLA diagnosis has not been well investigated. Here, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis in 45 pN0M0 MLA patients (101 lesion pairs) who were initially diagnosed as having MPLA by comprehensive histologic assessment (CHA). Five additional patients with intrathoracic metastases were used as positive controls, while 197 patients with unifocal lung adenocarcinomas (425 random lesion pairs) were used as negative controls. By utilizing a predefined NGS criterion, all IPMs in the positive control group could be accurately classified, whereas 13 lesion pairs (3.1%) in the negative control cohort were misdiagnosed as IPMs. Additionally, 14 IPM lesion pairs were diagnosed in the study group, with at least 7 misdiagnoses. We thus developed a refined algorithm, incorporating both NGS and histologic results, that could correctly diagnose all the known MPLAs and IPMs. In particular, all IPMs identified by the refined algorithm were diagnosed to be IPMs or suspected IPMs by CHA reassessment. The refined algorithm-diagnosed MPLAs patients also had significantly better progression-free survival than the refined algorithm-diagnosed IPMs (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), which is superior to conventional NGS or CHA diagnoses. Overall, we developed an NGS-based algorithm that could accurately distinguish IPMs from MPLAs in MLA patients. Our results demonstrate a promising clinical utility of NGS to complement traditional CHA-based MLA diagnosis and help determine patient staging and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/81/CJP2-9-108.PMC9896159.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10730314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signalling: targeted therapy in neurogenic tumours","authors":"Yuehua Li,&nbsp;Chengjiang Wei,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Qingfeng Li,&nbsp;Zhi-Chao Wang","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.307","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), a transmembrane receptor protein, has been found to play a pivotal role in neural development. This protein is encoded by the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (<i>NTRK2</i>) gene, and its abnormal activation caused by <i>NTRK2</i> overexpression or fusion can contribute to tumour initiation, progression, and resistance to therapeutics in multiple types of neurogenic tumours. Targeted therapies for this mechanism have been designed and developed in preclinical and clinical studies, including selective TrkB inhibitors and pan-TRK inhibitors. This review describes the gene structure, biological function, abnormal TrkB activation mechanism, and current-related targeted therapies in neurogenic tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/41/CJP2-9-89.PMC9896160.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-life data from standardized preanalytical coding (SPREC) in tissue biobanking and its dual use for sample characterization and process optimization","authors":"Magdalena Skoworonska,&nbsp;Annika Blank,&nbsp;Irene Centeno,&nbsp;Caroline Hammer,&nbsp;Aurel Perren,&nbsp;Inti Zlobec,&nbsp;Tilman T Rau","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.305","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.305","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The standardized preanalytical code (SPREC) aggregates warm ischemia (WIT), cold ischemia (CIT), and fixation times (FIT) in a precise format. Despite its growing importance underpinned by the European <i>in vitro</i> diagnostics regulation or broad preanalytical programs by the National Institutes of Health, little is known about its empirical occurrence in biobanked surgical specimen. In several steps, the Tissue Bank Bern achieved a fully informative SPREC code with insights from 10,555 CIT, 4,740 WIT, and 3,121 FIT values. During process optimization according to LEAN six sigma principles, we identified a dual role of the SPREC code as a sample characteristic and a traceable process parameter. With this preanalytical study, we outlined real-life data in a variety of organs with specific differences in WIT, CIT, and FIT values. Furthermore, our FIT data indicate the potential to adapt the SPREC fixation toward concrete paraffin-embedding time points and to extend its categories beyond 72 h due to weekend delays. Additionally, we identified dependencies of preanalytical variables from workload, daytime, and clinics that were actionable with LEAN process management. Thus, streamlined biobanking workflows during the day were significantly resilient to workload peaks, diminishing the turnaround times of native tissue processing (i.e. CIT) from 74.6 to 46.1 min under heavily stressed conditions. In conclusion, there are surgery-specific preanalytics that are surgico-pathologically limited even under process optimization, which might affect biomarker transfer from one entity to another. Beyond sample characteristics, SPREC coding is highly beneficial for tissue banks and Institutes of Pathology to track WIT, CIT, and FIT for process optimization and monitoring measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjp2.305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9295781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of Siglec-15 expression in colorectal cancer: association with advanced disease stage and fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes","authors":"Zhao Lu,&nbsp;Pu Cheng,&nbsp;Fei Huang,&nbsp;Jiyun Li,&nbsp;Bingzhi Wang,&nbsp;Shuangmei Zou,&nbsp;Zhaoxu Zheng,&nbsp;Chunwei Peng","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.303","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Siglec-15, a novel immune suppressor, is upregulated in many human cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of Siglec-15 in colorectal cancer (CRC), and investigate whether Siglec-15 could be a potential target for cancer immunotherapy in patients with CRC. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of Siglec-15 on a cohort of 805 patients with CRC and made comparisons between clinicopathological characteristics, PD-L1 expression, CD3, CD8, CD45RO tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and prognosis. We found that Siglec-15 expression was commonly detected in tumor cells (48.3%) and tumor-associated stromal cells (33.4%), and was more frequently observed than PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. In contrast, Siglec-15 expression was weakly and scarcely found in normal mucosa (13%). Siglec-15 overexpression in tumor cells was associated with advanced TNM stage (<i>p</i> = 0.020). Co-expression of Siglec-15 and PD-L1 in tumor cells was found in 14.4% of patients, and Siglec-15 expression was detected in almost half of PD-L1 negative cases. Elevated Siglec-15 expression in tumor and stromal cells was associated with sparser CD45RO and CD8 TILs (<i>p</i> = 0.035 and <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). The expression of Siglec-15 did not have prognostic significance. In summary, compared to PD-L1, Siglec-15 protein expression is more prevalent in CRC and is associated with advanced disease stage and fewer TILs. These findings support Siglec-15 as a potential cancer immunotherapy target, in addition to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, in patients with CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/84/CJP2-9-121.PMC9896156.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9280217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the prognostic value of CD3 and CD8 cell densities analogous to the Immunoscore® by stage and location of colorectal cancer: an independent patient cohort study","authors":"Elizabeth Alwers,&nbsp;Jakob N Kather,&nbsp;Matthias Kloor,&nbsp;Alexander Brobeil,&nbsp;Katrin E Tagscherer,&nbsp;Wilfried Roth,&nbsp;Amelie Echle,&nbsp;Efrat L Amitay,&nbsp;Jenny Chang-Claude,&nbsp;Hermann Brenner,&nbsp;Michael Hoffmeister","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.304","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In addition to the traditional staging system in colorectal cancer (CRC), the Immunoscore® has been proposed to characterize the level of immune infiltration in tumor tissue and as a potential prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to examine and validate associations of an immune cell score analogous to the Immunoscore® with established molecular tumor markers and with CRC patient survival in a routine setting. Patients from a population-based cohort study with available CRC tumor tissue blocks were included in this analysis. CD3+ and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor center and invasive margin were determined in stained tumor tissue slides. Based on the T-cell density in each region, an  immune cell score closely analogous to the concept of the Immunoscore® was calculated and tumors categorized into IS-low, IS-intermediate, or IS-high. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between clinicopathological characteristics with the immune cell score, and Cox proportional hazards models to analyze associations with cancer-specific, relapse-free, and overall survival. From 1,535 patients with CRC, 411 (27%) had IS-high tumors. Microsatellite instability (MSI-high) was strongly associated with higher immune cell score levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Stage I–III patients with IS-high had better CRC-specific and relapse-free survival compared to patients with IS-low (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42 [0.27–0.66] and HR = 0.45 [0.31–0.67], respectively). Patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors and IS-high had better survival (HR_CSS = 0.60 [0.42–0.88]) compared to MSS/IS-low patients. In this population-based cohort of CRC patients, the immune cell score was significantly associated with better patient survival. It was a similarly strong prognostic marker in patients with MSI-high tumors and in the larger group of patients with MSS tumors. Additionally, this study showed that it is possible to implement an analogous immune cell score approach and validate the Immunoscore® using open source software in an academic setting. Thus, the Immunoscore® could be useful to improve the traditional staging system in colon and rectal cancer used in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/47/df/CJP2-9-129.PMC9896157.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9280216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based image analysis reveals significant differences in the number and distribution of mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis","authors":"Elin Synnøve Røyset,&nbsp;Henrik P Sahlin Pettersen,&nbsp;Weili Xu,&nbsp;Anis Larbi,&nbsp;Arne K Sandvik,&nbsp;Sonja E Steigen,&nbsp;Ignacio Catalan-Serra,&nbsp;Ingunn Bakke","doi":"10.1002/cjp2.301","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cjp2.301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Colon mucosae of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) display differences in the number and distribution of immune cells that are difficult to assess by eye. Deep learning-based analysis on whole slide images (WSIs) allows extraction of complex quantitative data that can be used to uncover different inflammatory patterns. We aimed to explore the distribution of CD3 and γδ T cells in colon mucosal compartments in histologically inactive and active inflammatory bowel disease. By deep learning-based segmentation and cell detection on WSIs from a well-defined cohort of CD (<i>n</i> = 37), UC (<i>n</i> = 58), and healthy controls (HCs, <i>n</i> = 33), we quantified CD3 and γδ T cells within and beneath the epithelium and in lamina propria in proximal and distal colon mucosa, defined by the Nancy histological index. We found that inactive CD had significantly fewer intraepithelial γδ T cells than inactive UC, but higher total number of CD3 cells in all compartments than UC and HCs. Disease activity was associated with a massive loss of intraepithelial γδ T cells in UC, but not in CD. The total intraepithelial number of CD3 cells remained constant regardless of disease activity in both CD and UC. There were more mucosal CD3 and γδ T cells in proximal versus distal colon. Oral corticosteroids had an impact on γδ T cell numbers, while age, gender, and disease duration did not. Relative abundance of γδ T cells in mucosa and blood did not correlate. This study reveals significant differences in the total number of CD3 and γδ T cells in particularly the epithelial area between CD, UC, and HCs, and demonstrates useful application of deep segmentation to quantify cells in mucosal compartments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48612,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pathology Clinical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pathsocjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cjp2.301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9259674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}