Soil最新文献

{"title":"Reducing Temporal Uncertainty in Soil Bulk Density Estimation Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Approaches","authors":"Sunantha Ousaha, Zhenfeng Shao, Zeeshan Afzal","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2025-2360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2360","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Soil bulk density (BD), a key physical property affecting soil compaction, porosity, and carbon stock estimation, exhibits considerable spatial and temporal variability. However, current BD estimation methods especially traditional pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are inherently static and not designed for temporal analysis. This presents a significant limitation for soil monitoring across large and heterogeneous regions. In this study, we developed a machine learning (ML) approach integrated with remote sensing data to map and monitor BD across Thailand from 2004 to 2009 at national scale. We used multispectral indices, topographic variables, climate data, and organic carbon content to train six ML models: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Deep Neural Networks, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, XGBoost, and LightGBM. Model performance was evaluated using in-situ BD measurements from 236 soil samples collected in 2004. For benchmarking purposes, 76 published PTFs were also assessed on the same dataset. Results showed that the ANN model achieved the highest prediction accuracy (R² = 0.986; RMSE = 0.017 g cm^-3), outperforming both other ML models and all PTFs. Temporal analysis using the ANN model revealed a 7.27 % increase in mean BD and a 41.23 % reduction in standard deviation between 2004 and 2009, indicating increased soil compaction and reduced variability. Feature importance analysis identified organic carbon, vegetation indices, slope, and temperature as the most influential variables. The resulting high-resolution BD maps captured national-scale spatial and temporal trends and provide a robust foundation for soil quality monitoring, carbon accounting, and sustainable land use planning in tropical agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do composted bioamendments enhance the resistance of Mediterranean agricultural soils and their microbial carbon use efficiency to extreme heat-stress events?","authors":"Sana Boubehziz, Emily C. Cooledge, David Robert Chadwick, Vidal Barrón, Antonio Rafael Sánchez-Rodríguez, Davey Leonard Jones","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2025-2592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2592","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Mediterranean agroecosystems are vulnerable to extreme heat-stress, especially because of their low organic matter content. Bioamendments may enhance soil nutrient content and microbial resilience to heatwaves. However, their effectiveness under these conditions is still unclear. We investigated the effect of bioamendments (composted olive mill pomace, biosolids and solid urban residue) and a conventional fertiliser (diammonium phosphate) on microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), and soil biogeochemistry in two different soils, a calcareous Vertisol and a non-calcareous Inceptisol, with low P availability, subjected to extreme heat-stress. We conducted warming experiments (20, 30, 40, or 50 °C), to monitor ¹⁴C-glucose mineralization and to evaluate modifications in soil biochemical properties. As result of warming, both soils microorganisms exhibited thermotolerance until 40 °C, with a critical shift in microbial respiration observed at 50 °C. Consequently, microbial CUE, which was a function of the bioamendments and soil, significantly declined from 0.47–0.65 at 20 °C to 0.27–0.45 at 50 °C (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with the control decreasing by 0.010 ± 0.001 °C^-1 (Vertisol) and 0.007 ± 0.001 °C^-1 (Inceptisol). Moreover, composted olive mill pomace-treated soils enhanced the resistance of soils to heat stress as they produced the highest microbial CUE at 40 °C in the Inceptisol and 50 °C in both soils (0.43 ± 0.02 Inceptisol vs. 0.45 ± 0.02 Vertisol). Soil biogeochemistry varied with temperature and treatment, while available P in soils treated with diammonium phosphate was reduced with temperature in both soils, and available P added with bioamendments was not affected by temperature but was increased with biosolids for all temperatures in the Inceptisol. In conclusion, organic matter rich bioamendments (composted olive mill pomace) may enhance the resistance of Mediterranean agricultural soils subjected to extreme heat-stress events (50 °C).","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane oxidation potential of soils in a rubber plantation in Thailand affected by fertilization","authors":"Jun Murase, Kannika Sajjaphan, Chatprawee Dechjiraratthanasiri, Ornuma Duangngam, Rawiwan Chotiphan, Wutthida Rattanapichai, Wakana Azuma, Makoto Shibata, Poonpipope Kasemsap, Daniel Epron","doi":"10.5194/soil-11-457-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-457-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Forest soils, as crucial sinks for atmospheric methane in terrestrial ecosystems, are significantly impacted by changes in ecosystem dynamics due to deforestation and agricultural practices. This study investigated the methane oxidation potential of rubber plantation soils in Thailand, focusing on the effect of fertilization. The methane oxidation activity of the topsoils (0–10 cm) in the dry season was extremely low and increased slightly in the wet season, with lower activity for higher fertilization levels. The methane oxidation potential of the topsoil was too low to explain the in situ methane uptake. Soils below 10 cm depth in unfertilized rubber plantations showed higher activity than the surface soils, and methane oxidation was detected down to, at least, 60 cm depth. In contrast, soils under the high-fertilization treatment exhibited similarly low activity of methane oxidation up to 60 cm depth compared to surface soils during both dry and wet seasons, indicating that fertilization of para rubber plantations negatively impacts the methane oxidation potential of the soils over the deep profile without recovery in the dry (off-harvesting) season with no fertilization. Methane uptake per area, estimated by integrating the methane oxidation potentials of soil layers, was comparable to the field flux data, suggesting that methane oxidation in the soil predominantly occurs at depths below the surface layer. These findings have significant implications for understanding the environmental impacts of tropical forest land uses on methane dynamics and underscore the importance of understanding methane oxidation processes in soils.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical conductivity measurements as a proxy for diffusion-limited microbial activity in soils","authors":"Orsolya Fülöp, Naoise Nunan, Mamadou Gueye, Damien Jougnot","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2025-1730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1730","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Soils play a highly dynamic role in the carbon cycle, by acting as either a carbon source or sink. Despite their importance in the global carbon cycle, uncertainties surrounding soil-atmosphere interactions remain, due to the many mechanisms that underlie soil carbon dynamics. One of the main mechanisms determining the decomposition of organic C in soil is the access microbial decomposers have to substrates. While not yet formally tested, there is evidence to support the idea that microbial decomposer access to substrates is diffusion-limited. This is underlined by soil respiration rates being strongly dependent on water availability. In recent years, non-destructive geophysical tools, including electrical conductivity measurements, have been used to determine the water content of soils and connectedness of the water phase in the soil pore network. As both respiration and electrical conductivity may depend on water availability and connectivity, our study aimed to determine whether electrical conductivity measurements could be used as a proxy of diffusion-limited microbial activity in soils. This was done by measuring electrical conductivity and respiration rates at different matric potentials. Sieved and undisturbed top and subsoil samples taken from conventional tillage and conservation agriculture management plots were used. Our results revealed an initial increase and consecutive drop in soil respiration associated with a decrease in the matric potential. The electrical conductivity followed a similar decrease throughout the experimental range and these showed a significant non-linear relationship. These results thus suggest that both measured variables depend on the connectedness of the aqueous phase and suggest that they could be used as groundwork for further investigations into soil respiration and electrical conductivity dynamics.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144296154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pooled error variance and covariance estimation of sparse in situ soil moisture sensor measurements in agricultural fields in Flanders","authors":"Marit G. A. Hendrickx, Jan Vanderborght, Pieter Janssens, Sander Bombeke, Evi Matthyssen, Anne Waverijn, Jan Diels","doi":"10.5194/soil-11-435-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-435-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Accurately quantifying errors in soil moisture measurements from in situ sensors at fixed locations is essential for reliable state and parameter estimation in probabilistic soil hydrological modeling. This quantification becomes particularly challenging when the number of sensors per field or measurement zone (MZ) is limited. When direct calculation of errors from sensor data in a certain MZ is not feasible, we propose to pool systematic and random errors of soil moisture measurements for a specific measurement setup and derive a pooled error covariance matrix that applies to this setup across different fields and soil types. In this study, a pooled error covariance matrix was derived using soil moisture sensor measurements from three TEROS 10 (Meter Group, Inc., USA) sensors per MZ and soil moisture sampling campaigns conducted over three growing seasons, covering 93 cropping cycles in agricultural fields with diverse soil textures in Belgium. The MZ soil moisture estimated from a composite of nine soil samples with a small standard error (0.0038 m3 m−3) was considered the “true” MZ soil moisture. Based on these measurement data, we established a pooled linear recalibration of the TEROS 10 manufacturer's sensor calibration function. Then, for each individual sensor as well as for each MZ, we identified systematic offsets and temporally varying residual deviations between the calibrated sensor data and sampling data. Sensor deviations from the “true” MZ soil moisture were defined as observational errors and lump both measurement errors and representational errors. Since a systematic offset persists over time, it contributes to the temporal covariance of sensor observational errors. Therefore, we estimated the temporal covariance of observational errors of the individual and the MZ-averaged sensor measurements from the variance of the systematic offsets across all sensors and MZ averages, while the random error variance was derived from the variance of the pooled residual deviations. The total error variance was then obtained as the sum of these two components. Due to spatial soil moisture correlation, the variance and temporal covariance of MZ-averaged sensor observational errors could not be derived accurately from the individual sensor error variances and temporal covariances, assuming that the individual observational errors of the three sensors in a MZ were not correlated with each other. The pooled error covariance matrix of the MZ-averaged soil moisture measurements indicated a significant autocorrelation of sensor observational errors of 0.518, as the systematic error standard deviation (σα‾= 0.033 m3 m−3) was similar to the random error standard deviation (σϵ‾= 0.032 m3 m−3). To illustrate the impact of error covariance in probabilistic soil hydrological modeling, a case study was presented incorporating the pooled error covariance matrix in a Bayesian inverse modeling framework. These results demonstrate that the common assump","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using 3D observations with high spatio-temporal resolution to calibrate and evaluate a process-focused cellular automaton model of soil erosion by water","authors":"Anette Eltner, David Favis-Mortlock, Oliver Grothum, Martin Neumann, Tomáš Laburda, Petr Kavka","doi":"10.5194/soil-11-413-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-413-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Future global change is likely to give rise to novel combinations of the factors which enhance or inhibit soil erosion by water. Thus, there is a need for erosion models, necessarily process-focused ones, which are able to reliably represent the rates and extents of soil erosion under unprecedented circumstances. The process-focused cellular automaton erosion model RillGrow is, given initial soil surface microtopography for a plot-sized area, able to predict the emergent patterns produced by runoff and erosion. This study explores the use of structure-from-motion photogrammetry as a means to calibrate and evaluate this model by capturing detailed, time-lapsed data for soil surface height changes during erosion events. Temporally high-resolution monitoring capabilities (i.e. 3D models of elevation change at 0.1 Hz frequency) permit the evaluation of erosion models in terms of the sequence of the formation of erosional features. Here, multiple objective functions using three different spatio-temporal averaging approaches are assessed for their suitability in calibrating and evaluating the model's output. We used two sets of data from field- and laboratory-based rainfall simulation experiments lasting 90 and 30 min, respectively. By integrating 10 different calibration metrics, the outputs of 2000 and 2400 RillGrow runs for, respectively, the field and laboratory experiments were analysed. No single model run was able to adequately replicate all aspects of either the field or the laboratory experiments. The multiple objective function approaches highlight different aspects of model performance, indicating that no single objective function can capture the full complexity of erosion processes. They also highlight different strengths and weaknesses of the model. Depending on the focus of the evaluation, an ensemble of objective functions may not always be necessary. These results underscore the need for more nuanced evaluation of erosion models, e.g. by incorporating spatial-pattern comparison techniques to provide a deeper understanding of the model's capabilities. Such calibrations are an essential complement to the development of erosion models which are able to forecast the impacts of future global change. For the first time, we use data with a very high spatio-temporal resolution to calibrate a soil erosion model.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil physico-chemical indicators for ecosystem services: a focus on water regulation","authors":"Binyam Alemu Yosef, Angelo Basile, Antonio Coppola, Fabrizio Ungaro, Marialaura Bancheri","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2025-1927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1927","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> This study investigates the intricate relationship between soil properties and water-related processes, with a focus on their collective impact on ecosystem service provision, particularly water regulation. Conducted in three diverse regions Marchfeld (Austria), Bologna (North Italy) and Rmel (Tunisia), the research aims to identify key soil properties that influence water infiltration (INF), groundwater recharge (GWR), and crop water stress indexes (CWSI). Key soil characteristics such as saturated hydraulic conductivity (<em>K_S</em>), available water content (AWC), bulk density (BD), saturated water content (<em>θ_s</em>)<em>,</em> organic matter (OM), clay content and soil depth were analyzed for their role in regulating water movement and the overall hydrological balance. Pairwise correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the interactions among soil water balance processes and soil properties. The results reveal significant variations between regions in terms of the factors that control infiltration, groundwater recharge, and CWSI. For example, in Marchfeld infiltration showed a strong positive correlation with BD (r = 0.74, p &lt; 0.001), while CWSI had the most significant negative correlation with soil depth (r = -0.35, p &lt; 0.001). Futhermore, multiple linear regression models were developed to assess the relevance of the different soil properties and of their interactions on the components of the soil water balance. As an example, in Marchfeld, the model for infiltration (r = 0.79, p &lt; 0.001) was highly predictive, incorporating Clay, OM and soil depth. These results emphasize the critical role of key soil properties <em>K_S</em>, AWC, BD, OM, clay content, <em>θ_s</em> and soil depth in controlling soil water processes. The study highlights the value of using these properties in predictive models to inform water management practices to optimize crop performance and soil conservation in different agricultural settings.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managed black truffle-producing systems have greater soil fungal network complexity and distinct functional roles compared to wild systems","authors":"Vasiliki Barou, Jorge Prieto-Rubio, Mario Zabal-Aguirre, Javier Parladé, Ana Rincón","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2025-2078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2078","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Black truffle (<em>Tuber melanosporum</em> Vittad.), a valued edible fungus, has been thoroughly studied for its ability to modify soil conditions and influence microbial communities in its environment as it dominates the space. While direct associations of black truffle with microbial guilds offer insights into its competitiveness, the role of these interactions in ecosystem functions remain unclear. This study aims to assess the patterns of soil fungal community within the black truffle brûlés across different producing systems (managed <em>vs</em> wild) and seasons (autumn <em>vs</em> spring), to determine the role <em>of T. melanosporum</em> in the structure of the fungal networks, and to identify the contribution of main fungal guilds to soil functioning in these systems. To address this, network analysis was employed to construct the fungal co-occurrence networks in the brûlés of black truffle plantations and wild production areas in forests. Black truffle plantations showed greater fungal homogeneity, network complexity and links compared to forests, indicating enhanced stability, possibly due to reduced plant diversity and uniform conditions, while seasonality did not affect the fungal network structure. Despite its dominance in the brûlés, <em>T. melanosporum</em> was not a hub species in neither truffle-producing systems and exhibited few interactions, mainly with saprotrophs and plant pathogens. Saprotrophic fungi, with partial contributions from ectomycorrhizal and plant pathogen guilds, were the key contributors to carbon and nutrient cycling in both systems. These results improve our understanding of the ecology, biodiversity and functioning of black truffle-dominated soils that could enable more effective management strategies in black truffle plantations.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular economy approach in phosphorus fertilization based on vivianite must be tailored to soil properties","authors":"Tolulope Ayeyemi, Ramiro Recena, Ana María García-López, José Manuel Quintero, María Carmen del Campillo, Antonio Delgado","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2025-1460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1460","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Although there is relevant knowledge based on the effect of soil properties on the efficiency of common commercial fertilizers, this effect remains poorly understood for the use of vivianite from water purification as an innovative P fertilizer meeting a circular economy approach. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil properties on the efficiency of vivianite recovered from water purification as a P fertilizer and to provide practical recommendations for its effective use. Vivianite and a soluble mineral P fertilizer (superphosphate) were compared at two P application rates (50 and 100 mg P kg^–1) in soils ranging widely in properties in a pot experiment using wheat. Soluble P fertilizer provided the best results in terms of dry matter (DM) yield, P uptake, and Olsen P in soils, while vivianite led to the best results of DTPA extractable Fe in soils after crop harvest. The application of vivianite as a P fertilizer was more efficient in acidic soils (pH &lt; 6.6). The effect of vivianite on dry matter (DM) yield was equivalent on average to 26 or 40 %, depending on the rate, of the same amount of soluble fertilizer in these acidic soils (i.e., P fertilizer replacement value –PFRV– on DM basis), it being around 50 % in some cases. The effect on Olsen P in soil was equivalent, on average, to 49 or 61 %, depending on the rate, of the same amount applied as soluble mineral fertilizer in acidic soils. This can be explained by the increased solubility of this fertilizer product under acidic conditions, supported by the highest increase in DTPA extractable Fe in these soils. Acidic soils were those with initial Olsen P below the threshold value for fertilizer response (TV). However, PFRV on different approaches (DM, P uptake, and Olsen P) decreased more consistently with increased values of the difference between initial Olsen P and TV (46 to 87 % of the variance explained) than with increased pH. This reveals that besides soil pH, a low P availability to plants can trigger plant and microbial mobilization mechanisms, leading to increased efficiency of vivianite as a P fertilizer. Further studies are needed to assess the residual effect of vivianite and its effectiveness under field conditions, particularly in soils with low P availability status and an acidic pH.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil contamination in arid environments and assessment of remediation applying surface evaporation capacitor model: a case study from the Judean Desert, Israel","authors":"Rotem Golan, Ittai Gavrieli, Roee Katzir, Galit Sharabi, Uri Nachshon","doi":"10.5194/soil-11-395-2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-395-2025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Due to the presence of highly pollutant industries in arid areas, many of the globe's arid areas are exposed to severe local soil contamination events. In this work, the nature of solute and contaminant transport in the sandy terraces of an ephemeral stream that was exposed to a severe pollution event was examined. Here, the Ashalim Basin in the Judean Desert, Israel, is utilized as a case study. In order to shed new light on contaminant distribution along the soil profile and on transport mechanisms in arid environments, three complementary approaches were used: (1) periodic on-site soil profile sampling, recording the annual solute transport dynamics; (2) laboratory analyses and controlled experiments in a rain simulator to characterize solute release and transport; and (3) numerical simulation, used to define and understand the main associated processes. The study highlights the persistent nature of the pollutants in these natural settings, which dictates that they remain near the soil surface despite the presence of sporadic rain events. It was shown that a vertical circulation of the contaminates is occurring with soil wetting and drying cycles. The “surface evaporation capacitor” concept of Or and Lehmann (2019) was examined and compared to field measurements and numerical simulations and was found to be a useful tool for predicting the fate of the contaminants along the soil profile.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}