Soil最新文献

{"title":"Status and influential factors of soil nutrients and acidification in Chinese tea plantations","authors":"Dan Wang, Fei Li, Benjuan Liu, Zhihui Wang, Jianfeng Hou, Rui Cao, Yuqian Zheng, Wanqin Yang","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2498","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> The knowledge of the status and influential factors of soil nutrients including soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P), and acidification is the basis for sustainable management of tea plantations and thus the sustainability of tea industry. However, a study addressing this topic at a national level is lack. Thereby, we assessed the status, spatial variations, and influential factors of soil nutrients and acidification in China’s tea plantations based on 1,843 data pairs collected from 379 published articles. The results showed that only 40.90 % of the observed tea plantations could meet the standards of high-quality tea plantations and most tea plantations were facing soil acidification, and nutrient deficiencies and imbalance. Furthermore, the status of soil nutrients and pH varied among cultivation zones due to the impacts of geolocations, climate, and soil types. Specifically, tea plantations in the southern zone showed the lowest concentrations of soil available N and K and total K but the highest stoichiometric ratios of soil nutrients (P&lt;0.05). The status of soil nutrients and pH was also significantly shaped by management practices (e.g., rotational life cycle and fertilization strategies). Applying organic fertilizer, extending rotational life cycle duration of cultivation, planting shading trees were recommended to improve the soil nutrient availability and balance and to mitigate soil acidification. Specifically, applying K fertilizer to tea plantations in the southern zone and/or at high altitudes was recommended.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Pollutant Oxidation on Manganese Oxides in Soils – The Role of Calcite Indicated by Geoelectrical and Chemical Analyses","authors":"Sonya Sara Altzitser, Yael Golda Mishael, Nimrod Schwartz","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2101","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Understanding phenolic pollutants interaction with soil colloids has been a focus of extensive research, primarily under controlled conditions. This study addresses the need to explore these processes in a more natural, complex soil environment. We aim to enlighten the underlying mechanisms of hydroquinone (a representative phenolic pollutant) oxidation in ambient, MnO₂-rich sandy soil within soil columns designed for breakthrough experiments. Our innovative approach combines noninvasive electrical measurements, crystallographic and microscopic analyses, and chemical profiling to comprehensively understand soil-pollutant interactions. Our study reveals that hydroquinone oxidation by MnO₂ initiates a cascade of reactions, altering local pH, calcite dissolution, and precipitating amorphous Mn-oxides, showcasing a complex interplay of chemical processes. Our analysis, combining insights from chemistry and electrical measurements, reveals the oxidation process led to a constant decrease in polarizing surfaces, as indicated by quadrature conductivity monitoring. Furthermore, dynamic shifts in the soil solution chemistry (changes in the calcium and manganese concentrations, pH, and EC) correlated with the non-monotonous behavior of the in-phase conductivity. Our findings conclusively demonstrate that the noninvasive electrical method allows real-time monitoring of calcite dissolution, serving as a direct cursor to the oxidation process of hydroquinone, enabling the observation of soil surface processes, and chemical interactions.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence dating approaches to reconstruct the formation of plaggic anthrosols","authors":"Jungyu Choi, Roy van Beek, Elizabeth L. Chamberlain, Tony Reimann, Harm Smeenge, Annika van Oorschot, Jakob Wallinga","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-567-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-567-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Plaggic anthrosols demonstrate the significant and widespread influence of agriculture on the landscape of northern Europe and testify to increased land-use intensity over the last millennium. However, a lack of established chronologic methods to interrogate these soils has hindered research on their formation history, so the timing and process of plaggic anthrosol development remain poorly quantified. Recently, luminescence dating methods have emerged as a tool for tracing the past movement of grains, including within the soil column. This study combines two primary luminescence methods – single-grain feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) along with post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) measurements and small-aliquot (or multi-grain) quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) – to reconstruct the formation of a plaggic anthrosol at Braakmankamp (eastern Netherlands). Toward this aim, we present a new method to identify well-bleached single grains of feldspar using the ratio of the grain's IRSL and pIRIR signals as a filter. The results provide both methodological and applied archaeological insights. Both small-aliquot quartz OSL and single-grain feldspar pIRIR ages yield reliable ages for plaggen deposits when the new filtering approach is used to remove poorly bleached feldspar grains from the analysis. Single-grain pIRIR feldspar has the added benefit of revealing complex soil formation histories for naturally bioturbated deposits, including those at the base of the plaggen layer. Augmenting this information with conventional quartz OSL dating builds confidence in the geo-chronologic record and allows us to reconstruct the timing and processes of plaggic anthrosol formation in Braakmankamp. According to the luminescence dating results, land clearance occurred around 900–1000 years ago, and accumulation of plaggen material began around 700–800 years ago. The average accumulation rate of plaggen material is estimated at ∼ 1.1 mm yr−1.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term legacy of phytoremediation on plant succession and soil microbial communities in petroleum-contaminated sub-Arctic soils","authors":"Mary-Cathrine Leewis, Christopher Kasanke, Ondrej Uhlik, Mary Beth Leigh","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-551-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-551-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Phytoremediation can be a cost-effective method of restoring contaminated soils using plants and associated microorganisms. Most studies follow the impacts of phytoremediation solely across the treatment period and have not explored long-term ecological effects. In 1995, a phytoremediation study was initiated near Fairbanks, Alaska, to determine how the introduction of annual grasses and/or fertilizer would influence degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). After 1 year, grass and/or fertilizer-treated soils showed greater decreases in PHC concentrations compared to untreated plots. The site was then left for 15 years with no active site management. In 2011, we re-examined the site to explore the legacy of phytoremediation on contaminant disappearance, as well as on plant and soil microbial ecology. We found that the recruited vegetation and the current bulk soil microbial community structure and functioning were all heavily influenced by initial phytoremediation treatment. The number of diesel-degrading microorganisms (DDMs) was positively correlated with the percentage cover of vegetation at the site, which was influenced by initial treatment. Even 15 years later, the initial use of fertilizer had significant effects on microbial biomass, community structure, and activity. We conclude that phytoremediation treatment has long-term, legacy effects on the plant community, which, in turn, impact microbial community structure and functioning. It is therefore important to consider phytoremediation strategies that not only influence site remediation rates in the short-term but also prime the site for the restoration of vegetation over the long-term.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the stability of additional organic carbon stored thanks to alternative cropping systems and organic waste product application? A multi-method evaluation","authors":"Tchodjowiè P. I. Kpemoua, Pierre Barré, Sabine Houot, François Baudin, Cédric Plessis, Claire Chenu","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-533-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-533-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The implementation of agroecological practices often leads to additional soil organic carbon storage, and we have sought to assess the biogeochemical stability of this additional carbon. To achieve this, we implemented a multi-method approach using particle size and density fractionation, Rock-Eval® (RE) thermal analyses and long-term incubation (484 d), which we applied to topsoil samples (0–30 cm) from temperate Luvisols that had been subjected in >20-year-long experiments in France to conservation agriculture (CA), organic agriculture (ORG) and conventional agriculture (CON-LC) in the La Cage experiment and to organic waste product (OWP) applications in the QualiAgro experiment, including biowaste compost (BIOW), residual municipal solid waste compost (MSW), farmyard manure (FYM) and conventional agriculture without organic inputs (CON-QA). The additional carbon resulting from agroecological practices is the difference between the carbon stock of the bulk soil and physical fractions or carbon pools in the soil affected by agroecological practices and that of the same soil affected by a conventional practice used as control. The incubations provided information on the additional carbon stability in the short term (i.e. mean residence time, MRT, of <2 years) and showed that the additional soil organic carbon mineralized faster than the carbon in the conventional control at La Cage but slower at QualiAgro. In OWP-treated plots at QualiAgro, 60 %–66 % of the additional carbon was stored as mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM-C) and 34 %–40 % as particulate organic matter (POM-C). In CA and ORG systems at La Cage, 77 %–84 % of the additional carbon was stored as MAOM-C, whereas 16 %–23 % was stored as POM-C. Management practices hence influenced the distribution of additional carbon in physical fractions. Utilizing the PARTYSOC model with Rock-Eval® thermal analysis parameters, we found that most, if not all, of the additional carbon belonged to the active carbon pool (MRT∼30–40 years). In summary, our comprehensive multi-method evaluation indicates that the additional soil organic carbon is less stable over decadal and pluri-decadal timescales compared to soil carbon under conventional control conditions. Our results show that particle size and density fractions can be heterogenous in their biogeochemical stability. On the other hand, although the additional carbon is mainly associated with MAOM, the high proportion of this carbon in the active pool suggests that it has a mean residence time which does not exceed ∼50 years. Furthermore, agroecological practices with equivalent additional carbon stocks (MSW, FYM and CA) exhibited a higher proportion of additional carbon in POM-C under MSW (40 %) and FYM (34 %) compared to CA (16 %), which suggests a high chemical recalcitrance of POM-C under OWP management relative to conservation agriculture. Additional soil organic carbon derived from organic waste, i.e. biomass that has partially d","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping near real-time soil moisture dynamics over Tasmania with transfer learning","authors":"Marliana Tri Widyastuti, José Padarian, Budiman Minasny, Mathew Webb, Muh Taufik, Darren Kidd","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2253","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Soil moisture, an essential parameter for hydroclimatic studies, exhibits significant spatial and temporal variability, making it challenging to map at fine spatiotemporal resolutions. Although current remote sensing products provide global soil moisture estimate at a fine temporal resolution, they are mostly at a coarse spatial resolution. In recent years, deep learning (DL) has been applied to generate high-resolution maps of various soil properties, but DL requires a large amount of training data. This study aimed to map daily soil moisture across Tasmania, Australia at 80 meters resolution based on a limited set of training data. We assessed three modelling strategies: DL models calibrated using an Australian dataset (51,411 observation points), models calibrated using the Tasmanian dataset (9,825 observation points), and a transfer learning technique that transferred information from Australian models to Tasmania. We also evaluated two DL approaches, i.e. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Our models included data of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) dataset, weather data, elevation map, land cover and multilevel soil properties maps as inputs to generate soil moisture at the surface (0–30 cm) and subsurface (30–60 cm) layers. Results showed that (1) models calibrated from the Australia dataset performed worse than Tasmanian models regardless of the type of DL approaches; (2) Tasmanian models, calibrated solely using Tasmanian data, resulted in shortcomings in predicting soil moisture; and (3) Transfer learning exhibited remarkable performance improvements (error reductions of up to 45 % and a 50 % increase in correlation) and resolved the drawbacks of the Tasmanian models. The LSTM models with transfer learning had the highest overall performance with an average mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.07 m³m^-3and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.77 across stations for surface layer and MAE = 0.07 m³m^-3, and r = 0.69 for subsurface layer. The fine-resolution soil moisture maps captured the detailed landscape variation as well as temporal variation according to four distinct seasons in Tasmania. The best performance of soil moisture models were made available live to predict near-real-time daily soil moisture of Tasmania, assisting agricultural decision making.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the phenotyping gap with non-invasive belowground field phenotyping","authors":"Guillaume Blanchy, Waldo Deroo, Tom De Swaef, Peter Lootens, Paul Quataert, Isabel Roldán-Ruíz, Sarah Garré","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2082","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Breeding climate-robust crops is one of the needed pathways for adaptation to the changing climate. To speed up the breeding process, it is important to understand how plants react to extreme weather events such as drought or waterlogging in their production environment, i.e. under field conditions in real soils. Whereas a number of techniques exist for above-ground field phenotyping, simultaneous non-invasive belowground phenotyping remains difficult. In this paper, we present the first dataset of the new HYDRAS open access field phenotyping infrastructure, bringing electrical resistivity tomography, alongside drone imagery and environmental monitoring, to a technology readiness level closer to what breeders and researchers need. This paper investigates whether electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) provides sufficient precision and accuracy to distinguish between belowground plant traits of different genotypes of the same crop species. The proof-of-concept experiment was conducted in 2023 with three distinct soybean genotypes known for their contrasting reactions to drought stress. We illustrate how this new infrastructure addresses the issues of depth resolution, automated data processing, and phenotyping indicator extraction. The work shows that electrical resistivity tomography is ready to complement drone-based field phenotyping techniques to accomplish whole plant high-throughput field phenotyping.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradual drying of permafrost peat decreases carbon dioxide in drier peat plateaus but not in wetter fens and bogs","authors":"Aelis Spiller, Cynthia M. Kallenbach, Melanie S. Burnett, David Olefeldt, Christopher Schulze, Roxane Maranger, Peter M. J. Douglas","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2248","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Permafrost thawing of northern peatlands can cause local collapse of peat plateaus into much wetter thermokarst bogs and fens, dominated by <em>Sphagnum </em>mosses and graminoids, respectively. However, permafrost thaw can also improve landscape drainage and thus lead to regional drying of peatlands. How gradual drying of these thawing permafrost peatlands affects the subsequent microbial production of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) is uncertain because of landscape heterogeneity in moisture, peat quality, and vegetation. Here, we collected near-surface peat samples (5–20 cm) from Alberta, Canada, across transects representing a thaw gradient from peat plateaus to a fen or bog. We incubated the samples for two weeks at either field moisture conditions or under gradual drying, which reduced moisture by ~80 %. Only the fen sites, which had high moisture and % total N, produced N₂O (0.06−6.7 μg N₂O-N g^-1 dry peat) but were unaffected by the drying treatments. Peat CO₂production was greatest from the fen and the youngest stage of the thermokarst bog despite having the most water-saturated field conditions, likely reflecting their more labile plant inputs and, thus more decomposable peat. We found that CO₂ respiration was enhanced by drying in relatively wet sites like the fens and young bog but was suppressed by drying in relatively drier peat plateaus. Further, gradual drying increased ¹³C-CO₂ respiration, suggesting a possible shift to more decomposed, older C being lost with peat drying. Our study thus suggests that future peat CO₂ and N₂O production from peatlands will depend on whether peat plateaus thaw into fens or bogs and on their diverging responses of peat respiration to more moisture-limited conditions.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving measurements of microbial growth, death, and turnover by accounting for extracellular DNA in soils","authors":"Jörg Schnecker, Theresa Böckle, Julia Horak, Victoria Martin, Taru Sandén, Heide Spiegel","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-521-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-521-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Microbial respiration, growth, and turnover are driving processes in the formation and decomposition of soil organic matter. In contrast to respiration and growth, microbial turnover and death currently lack distinct methods to be determined. Here we propose a new approach to determine microbial death rates and to improve measurements of microbial growth. By combining sequential DNA extraction to distinguish between intracellular and extracellular DNA and 18O incorporation into DNA, we were able to measure microbial death rates. We first evaluated methods to determine and extract intracellular and extracellular DNA separately. We then tested the method by subjecting soil from a temperate agricultural field and a deciduous beech forest to either 20, 30, or 45 °C for 24 h. Our results show that while mass-specific respiration and gross growth either increased with temperature or remained stable, microbial death rates strongly increased at 45 °C and caused a decrease in microbial biomass and thus in microbial net growth. We further found that also extracellular DNA pools decreased at 45 °C compared to lower temperatures, further indicating the enhanced uptake and recycling of extracellular DNA along with increased respiration, growth, and death rates. Additional experiments including soils from more and different ecosystems as well as testing the effects of factors other than temperature on microbial death are certainly necessary to better understand the role of microbial death in soil C cycling. We are nevertheless confident that this new approach to determine microbial death rates and dynamics of intracellular and extracellular DNA separately will help to improve concepts and models of C dynamics in soils in the future.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can corporate supply chain sustainability standards contribute to soil protection?","authors":"Jan Frouz, Vojtěch Čemus, Jaroslava Frouzová, Alena Peterková, Vojtěch Kotecký","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-505-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-505-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Companies increasingly view soil degradation in their supply chains as a commercial risk. They have applied sustainability standards to manage environmental risks stemming from suppliers' farming operations. To examine the application of supply chain sustainability standards in soil protection, we conducted a study using global data on existing sustainability standards and their use in the food retail industry, a key sector in agrifood supply chains. Soil quality is a priority objective in retail sector sustainability efforts: 41 % of the investigated companies apply some soil-relevant standard. However, the standards lack specific and comprehensive criteria. Compliance typically requires that farmers are aware of soil damage risks and implement some mitigation measures; however, no measurable thresholds are usually assigned. This stands in contrast to some other provisions in a number of standards, such as deforestation criteria. There are two probable causes of this difference: companies and certification bodies have prioritised other environmental challenges (e.g. pesticide use, biodiversity loss in tropical biomes) over soil degradation. Also, there are practical constraints in the useful standardisation of soil sustainability. Effective soil sustainability provisions will require measurable, controllable, and scalable multidimensional interventions and compliance metrics. Often, these are not yet available. The development of necessary practical tools is a priority for future research.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}