Journal of Insects as Food and Feed最新文献

{"title":"The effect of adult density on the reproductive output and hatching performance of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"N. Ormanoğlu, G. Baliota, C. Rumbos, C. G. Athanassiou","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230055","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial availability of insect biomass for food and feed calls for the methodical investigation of all the complications that can deteriorate the insect farming efficiency. An appropriate stocking density is thus instrumental for the establishment of sustainable and cost effective insect farming protocols; high densities may lead to reduced insect fitness and reproduction, while low densities will result to a proportionally lower per capita yield. The present study deals with the estimation of the optimum adult density of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a species with great potential as food and feed source based on its high growth performance and reproductive output. However, limited data is available so far regarding the effect of adult density on its reproductive performance. Four different adult densities, ranging from 1.1 to 8.2 cm2 per adult, were evaluated in laboratory experiments in terms of reproductive output (number of eggs) and larval emergence for a period of 45 days of continuous oviposition. According to our results, the reproduction output, expressed as the cumulative number of eggs per adult and the cumulative larval hatching rate, was not affected by the adult densities tested here. Although high hatching rates that in most of the cases exceeded 85% were observed within the initial oviposition interval, these rates were in all treatments drastically reduced to 48-56% after 30 to 36 d. High adult survival (over 93%) was observed during the trial. In this experiment, the maximum reproductive output was observed in the highest density of adults that were left to oviposit continuously for a month. Data as such provide an opportunity to further exploit A. diaperinus in high-throughput production systems.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardising black soldier fly larvae feeding experiments: an initial protocol and variability estimates","authors":"D. Deruytter1, L. Gasco2, W. Yakti, H. Katz4, C. L. Coudron1, A. Gligorescu5, L. Frooninckx6, I. Noyens6, M. Meneguz7, F. Grosso7, S. B. Oddon2, I. Biasato2, T. Mielenz8, Veldkamp9 J.J.A, Van Loon, T. Spranghers, G. W. Vandenberg, D. Oonincx, G. Bosch","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230008","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest in the ability of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) to convert low-value organic residues into high-value products. This leads to more publications with conversion data for various organic resources. However, these results are rarely comparable between laboratories due to differences in study protocols. This hinders comparisons among studies, the use of results in practice, and overall advancement in BSFL conversion research. Therefore, a standardised research protocol was developed for nursing, rearing and harvesting of BSFL for feed assessment. The utility of this protocol, was assessed via an international ring test with 9 partners. One batch of Gainesville diet (wheat bran (50%), alfa-alfa (30%) and maize (20%)) was produced and distributed among the partners to avoid dietary variations. Five-day-old BSFL larvae were used for the growth trial with six replicates per partner. Average larval weight was assessed after 3 days, 7 days, and harvest (>10% prepupae). Total yield and frass were recorded, and samples were chemically analysed to allow the quantification of the conversion efficiency. The results were used to calculate the within and between partner variability of the protocol. The results indicate that for the biological parameters (average weight, yield and density) the within partner variability was 24% and the between partner variability was 60%. For the assessed chemical parameters (N, fat, ash, P, K, pH), both the within and between variability was lower (respectively 9 and 28%). The results of this study give a first indication of the variability that can be expected within and between BSFL feeding experiments for different parameters and can therefore serve as guideline when developing a new experimental designs, assess standard operating procedures and other applications. The protocol can be used as first basis for future feed experiments, improving the comparability of results.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of instant controlled pressure drop texturing on the drying of yellow mealworms","authors":"R. El Hajj, H. Mhemdi, S. Khashayar, V. Lefrançois, K. Allaf, E. Vorobiev","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230027","url":null,"abstract":"Insects are increasingly being evaluated as promising protein sources for the food and feed sectors. However, to be accepted as a viable food source, insects must undergo proper processing. Drying is a crucial step in insect processing, as it inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms, improves their stability and extends their shelf life. After drying, insects can be further processed into various forms, to make them more socially acceptable as food and feed. During drying, biological materials are prone to shrinking, which usually affects their quality. Shrinkage of dried biological material results in a compact structure and causes a significant reduction in water diffusivity. It is typically escorted with unsatisfactory organoleptic quality and problems with grinding. Therefore, including retexturing and structure-expanding techniques in regular drying procedures is becoming essential. The instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) technique was suggested as a texturing technique for yellow mealworms. DIC treatment successfully overcame shrinkage at treatment conditions of 0.194 MPa/32 s and above, resulting in enhanced water diffusivity of 1,833 and 682% for DIC-treated larvae at 0.45 MPa/25 s, dried at 50 and 60 °C, respectively, as compared to blanched larvae. Furthermore, DIC caused a 125% increase in the specific surface area of the dried meal, and a more uniform particle size distribution, both of which reflect the influence of this pretreatment on grinding and, consequently, the end product’s quality. Finally, experimental data of sorption isotherms at 20, 30, and 40 °C were fitted with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), and Oswin models to represent the sorption behaviour.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue distribution of minerals and antinutrients of Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell larvae based on different methods of consumption","authors":"C. Zhu, L.-Q. Jing, M. Zhao, M.-X. Lu, Y. Du","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230137","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral deficiencies result in a variety of health issues in humans, and alternative sources of minerals are greatly needed to address this problem. Clanis bilineata tsingtauica larvae are nutrient-rich and are prepared using several different cooking methods in China. In this study, the concentrations of ten different mineral elements were determined in the larvae of C. bilineata tsingtauica. The guts of larvae that had wriggled in soil contained abundant macro- and micronutrients at 4,800 and 271.68 mg/kg, respectively. Larvae that wriggled in soil contained high levels of phytic acid (1707.07 μg/g) and had the lowest mineral bioavailability. Expression studies indicated that genes related to phytic acid highly expressed in the hemolymph of larvae that had not wriggled in soil. This study shows that C. bilineata tsingtauica larvae are vital sources of minerals and that long-established dietary habits have a scientific basis, thus providing insight into the use of this alternative food source to improve human health.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shelf life of the preheated and ready-to-eat long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville","authors":"G. Ssepuuya, J. Claes, M. Van Der Borght, L. Van Campenhout, D. Nakimbugwe","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230183","url":null,"abstract":"Ruspolia differens is an edible insect delicacy in sub-Saharan Africa, majorly harvested from the wild, with a very short shelf life (24 hours depending on the handling conditions). Combinations of preheating, roasting and drying, and storage at refrigerated and room temperature were used to prolong its shelf life. Product quality was evaluated using sensory, microbial and chemical analyses. To allow transportation from the harvesting areas to the market, preservation up to 9 hours at room temperature was possible using only preheating (boiling at 100 °C for 6 minutes). Combinations of preheating and roasting (for 25 and 35 minutes at 165 °C) resulted in moisture contents of 21.3 and 10.4% with shelf life at refrigeration temperature of 25 and 54 days, respectively. Aroma was the main factor determining the shelf life. Further drying of preheated and roasted grasshoppers resulted in a product with 4.5% moisture. In combination with vacuum packaging, storage at room temperature was possible for at least 20 weeks. This research therefore contributes to long term storage of the surplus harvested R. differens, and thus to increased food security.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobiology of edible palm weevil larvae Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Curculionidae, Coleoptera), a common food source in Amazonian Ecuador","authors":"T. Jaramillo-Vivanco, R.M. Cámara, M. Cámara, E. Tejera, H. Balslev, J. M. Álvarez-Suarez","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230135","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times, indigenous communities have depended on traditional and sustainable use of available food sources. Throughout the tropics, the larvae of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) have served this purpose. Several studies have described the ancestral use of R. palmarum as an edible and medicinal insect in the Americas. The use of the grub for food and a system for rearing them are byproducts of the use of palms among several ethnic groups, many of which rely on the same harvesting techniques. The grubs also are used as treatments for several conditions. To better characterise these applications, we developed semi-structured surveys with 58 mostly open-ended questions focused on habitat, food, medicinal use, and commerce of grubs. Respondents were 42 informants from five ethnic groups in Amazonian Ecuador. Analysis indicated that the five groups had similar patterns of use, rearing, and collection of the larvae, but without a structured management plan. Grub collection remains a side activity related to traditional use of palms, but the larvae of this species could offer new opportunities in breeding, commercialisation, and consumption of edible insects as part of a sustainable-use strategy to strengthen food security in Amazonian populations. The potential of the larvae in medicinal use and as a factor in tourism in these regions suggests untapped opportunities with this year-round forest resource.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of post-harvesting practices on heavy metal levels of mopane caterpillar (Gonimbrasia belina) products and associated risk assessment","authors":"T.R. Murefu, A. N. Muriithi, R. Musundire","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230133","url":null,"abstract":"Mopane caterpillars (Gonimbrasia belina) are one of the most consumed edible insects in Southern Africa, and they contribute nutritional benefits to human health. However, their contribution to the food and nutritional security can be hindered by food safety concerns due to heavy metal contamination associated with harvesting, processing and poor post-harvest practices. This study investigated the effectiveness of post-harvest practices (degutting, charcoal roasting and sun drying, boiling, frying and open pan roasting) in reducing the heavy metal contaminants (cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), aluminium (Al), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe)) in mopane caterpillar sourced from Gwanda district in Zimbabwe. The post-harvest practice categories used in this study included: unprocessed (ungutted and naturally degutted samples), processed (manually degutted, and charcoal roasted and sun-dried), and cooked (boiled and salted; boiled, salted and roasted, and boiled, salted and fried) samples. An atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for quantification of metals and the values detected were used to assess health risks to consumers using a quantitative risk assessment calculation method. The unprocessed and manually degutted samples showed higher levels Cd and traces of Pb, while charcoal roasting and sun drying resulted in elevated levels of Al, Zn, Cu and Fe. Hg and Ni were not detected in any of the unprocessed, processed or cooked samples. Cooking processes resulted in reduction of the concentrations of detected metals to levels within the permissible values. The health risk assessment disclosed noncarcinogenic risks based on the high hazard index (HI) values (HI > 1) in unprocessed, processed, boiled and salted, and boiled, salted and roasted samples, indicating that caution should be taken. The overall findings from the study shows that by cooking mopane caterpillars through boiling and frying, health risks associated with heavy metal contamination can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviour intention to eat reared crickets in Myanmar: the effects of trust, knowledge, and perceived quality","authors":"A. Myint, Thu Thu1, J. Klink-Lehmann2, J. Dürr1, C. Borgemeister1","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230017","url":null,"abstract":"Edible insects are a good source of proteins, fats, and micronutrients for human consumption. Crickets are one of the most widely reared insects worldwide. They require less capital spending and less space and water consumption while offering more food, employment, and income possibilities than conventional animal farming. Additionally, raising crickets may aid in achieving various sustainable development objectives. Although crickets are Myanmar’s most popular edible insects, a few farmers are presently rearing them. The farming business is not thriving as in other countries mainly because consumers primarily eat crickets collected from the wild. Using the extended theory of planned behaviour, this study identifies factors possibly impacting the intention to eat reared crickets in Myanmar, alongside perceived product quality, consumer knowledge, and trust in value chain actors. Data were collected through telephone interviews, resulting in a valid data set of 212 respondents from Yangon and Mandalay who recently ate crickets collected from the wild. The result of the structural equation modelling revealed that participants are ready to accept reared crickets as a food source. Consumption intention towards reared crickets is directly influenced by consumers’ attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and trust in producers. Concurrently, it is indirectly influenced by consumer knowledge of the environmental friendliness of cricket farming. Subjective norms, trust in retailers, and perceived product quality do not significantly affect the intention to eat crickets. As trust in producers is the new main predictive factor, cricket farmers should build public trust by giving transparency in the production process, thereby achieving a more favourable attitude towards reared insects, possibly leading to higher consumption levels.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crickets (Gryllus Bimaculatus) using food waste usefulness of self-selection feed design method through each growth stage","authors":"D. Akiyama, T. Kaewplik, T. Fujisawa, T. Kurosu, Y. Sasaki","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230077","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a self-selected feed design was conducted for Japanese food wastes, considering the macronutrients (protein, lipid, carbohydrate) and six feed options and three options for vegetable wastes, and performance was compared with commercial diet to determine the usefulness of the feed design method and the possibility of using food waste in Japan were examined by comparing the performance of the feed design method with commercial diet. Data on self-selection diet design for crickets at different growth stages were obtained to determine the differences in feed consumption rates and nutrient requirements among stages. The results showed that it is possible to achieve cricket weight and feed conversion efficiencies (0.5-0.8) comparable to those of commercial diets using food residues when macro-nutrients are considered, and abundant options are provided. On the other hand, the use of only vegetable wastes resulted in lower cricket weight and higher feed conversion efficiency (0.8-1.4). Based on feed consumption rates, bread bran, rice bran, and fish meal were found to be suitable feeds among Japanese food waste for production in all growth stages, while bean curd and sake less were found to be suitable for production in some growth stages. Data obtained from self-selections separated by growth stage revealed that the percentage of feed consumption varied greatly among growth stages, being about 50-68% in the late growth stage. Percentages of macronutrients and micronutrients were also found to vary by growth stage. Protein percentages were found to be higher in the second week after hatching. Lipids were highest in the first week and decreased thereafter. Crude fiber was lowest in the fourth week. Ash content did not change significantly at all stages. This research is the first attempt at self-selection of crickets in different growth stages, and the data obtained can contribute to feed design.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139337607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the optimal combinations of temperature and macronutrient balance for rearing Tenebrio molitor larvae","authors":"M. S. Rho, K.P. Lee","doi":"10.1163/23524588-20230087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/23524588-20230087","url":null,"abstract":"The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the few edible insects commercially produced around the globe as alternative protein sources for food and feed. Temperature and nutrition are the two most influential environmental determinants of growth and development in insects, but little is known about their combined effects in T. molitor. Here we examined how temperature and dietary protein:carbohydrate (P:C) balance act in concert to influence key performance traits in T. moltior larvae reared on one of the 36 treatment combinations of six temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34 °C) and six protein:carbohydrate ratios (P:C = 1:5, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 5:1, and 1:0). Apart from females accumulating higher lipid content than males, there were no sex differences in all measured traits. Survivorship was high at low temperatures (<25 °C) and high P:C ratios (>1:1), but decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing P:C ratio. An increase in temperature accelerated development but resulted in reduced pupal mass. Thermal optimum for pupal mass (19.3 °C) was thus much lower than that for development time (28.1 °C). Growth rate peaked at 27.9 °C and P:C 1.65:1 and decreased as both temperature and P:C ratio deviated from their optimum. All four key performance traits (survivorship, development time, pupal mass, and growth rate) were expressed at high levels and, hence, optimized at temperatures between 25.7 °C and 27.4 °C and P:C ratios between 1.17:1 and 2.94:1. Food consumption rate was the highest at a high P:C ratio of 8.4:1, whereas post-ingestive food utilization was the most efficient at a moderate P:C ratio of 1:1.27. The rate and efficiency of food processing were optimized at temperatures between 24.5 °C and 29.9 °C and P:C ratios between 1:1.01 and 3.98:1. Our results have implications for improving the production and nutritional value of T. molitor larvae.","PeriodicalId":48604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insects as Food and Feed","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}