BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00141-w
S Hernandis, I Ibarrola, J Tena-Medialdea, M Vázquez-Luis, J R García-March, P Prado, M Albentosa
{"title":"Scope for growth and dietary needs of Mediteranean Pinnids maintained in captivity.","authors":"S Hernandis, I Ibarrola, J Tena-Medialdea, M Vázquez-Luis, J R García-March, P Prado, M Albentosa","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00141-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00141-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The measurement of the energy available for growth (scope of growth, SFG) can be used in bivalves to make a long-term prediction in a short-term experiment of the condition of the individual. In order to tackle the best conditions for captive maintenance of Mediterranean Pinnids, a SFG study was conducted using Pinna rudis as a model species. Three diets were examined to test the viability of live microalgae and commercial products: i) a control diet using 100% of live microalgae based on the species Isochrysis galbana (t-ISO), ii) a 100% of commercial microalgae diet based on the product Shellfish Diet 1800®, and iii) a 50/50% mix diet of I. galbana (t-ISO) and Shellfish Diet 1800®.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SFG results showed significant differences among diets in the physiological functions measured and suggested lower acceptability and digestibility of the commercial product. Negative SFG values were obtained for the commercial diet which indicates that it should be rejected for both Pinnid maintenance. The mixed diet showed improved physiological performance compared to the commercial diet, resulting in a higher SFG that had no significant differences with the control diet. However, in the long-term, the lower digestibility of the mixed diet compared to the control diet could lead to a deterioration of individuals' conditions and should be considered cautiously.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work represents the first case study of SFG in Pinna spp. and provides fundamental data on dietary needs for the critically endangered species, P. nobilis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00144-7
Yan-Hui Xia, Jin Li, Fei-Fei Xu, Bin Lei, Hong-Lian Li, Ke Wang, Yu Li
{"title":"Identification and a culture method for a Helicotylenchus microlobus from tomato in China.","authors":"Yan-Hui Xia, Jin Li, Fei-Fei Xu, Bin Lei, Hong-Lian Li, Ke Wang, Yu Li","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00144-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00144-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nematodes of the genus Helicotylenchus are root parasites of a wide variety of plants, and certain species can cause serious damage to their hosts. During a survey of the plant-parasitic nematode associated with tomato, a population of Helicotylenchus was collected from tomato roots and soil samples. Thus, one of the objectives of the study was to confirm the specie of Helicotylenchus obtained from the tomato samples based on morphological and molecular characteristics. In addition, a mass pure culture of plant-parasitic nematodes is key to pathogenicity studies and many other biological studies. However, a successful mass rearing method for Helicotylenchus has not been reported. Thus, the other objective of the study was to establish a method of culturing Helicotylenchus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on both the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D2-D3 expansion region of 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences the specimens were identified as Helicotylenchus microlobus. Phylogenetic analysis with the rRNA sequences of the ITS and 28S D2-D3 regions was consistent with molecular identification, suggesting this population formed a highly supported clade with other H. microlobus populations. Additionally, a method for culture of H. microlobus on carrot disks was established, and the effect of temperature on the reproduction rate (Rr) of H. microlobus was investigated. The optimum temperature for culturing H. microlobus on carrot disks was 27.5 °C and, after inoculation with 30 females of H. microlobus at 27.5 °C for 90 days, Rr reached 406.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of H. microlobus from tomato in China. This study also demonstrated that the carrot disk method is suitable for the culture of H. microlobus. This study lays a foundation for other related research on H. microlobus, and has significance for the study of Helicotylenchus.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00142-9
Maria Mastrodonato, Giovanni Scillitani, Roberta Trani, Frine Cardone, Giuseppe Corriero, Carlotta Nonnis Marzano
{"title":"Sexual and asexual reproduction in a Mediterranean Tethya (Porifera, Demospongiae) species.","authors":"Maria Mastrodonato, Giovanni Scillitani, Roberta Trani, Frine Cardone, Giuseppe Corriero, Carlotta Nonnis Marzano","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00142-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00142-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The reproductive cycle of the recently described sponge Tethya meloni was investigated for a period of 15 months (September 2018 - November 2019) in the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Southern Italy) and was compared with data previously collected for the other two sympatric species of the same genus known for Mediterranean Sea, T. citrina and T. aurantium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T. meloni is a gonochoric species with a sex ratio strongly shifted towards females. Asexual budding was a seasonal process, limited to few specimens. In a specimen collected in September 2018 both oocytes and buds occurred, suggesting that in T. meloni the sexual and asexual phases may coexist both at the population and individual levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data obtained from this research compared with the available literature confirm the high temporal variability of the reproductive cycles in the Mediterranean species of Tethya, but with common general characteristics. In sexual reproduction, the oocyte production period lasts several months, with a peak between summer and autumn while spermatogenesis, shorter but with greater reproductive effort, follows the onset of oogenesis. The asexual reproduction phase of T. meloni, on the other hand, occurs in a short period and seems to have less importance in the overall reproductive process.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9446621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00140-x
Ngon T Truong, Gieo H Phan, Tran T H Lam, Ton H D Nguyen, Do T Khang, Men T Tran, Nam S Tran, Quang M Dinh
{"title":"Correction: The mismatch between morphological and molecular attribution of three Glossogobius species in the Mekong Delta.","authors":"Ngon T Truong, Gieo H Phan, Tran T H Lam, Ton H D Nguyen, Do T Khang, Men T Tran, Nam S Tran, Quang M Dinh","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00140-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-022-00140-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00139-4
Song Tan, Juan Li, Qiao Yang, Jinzhong Fu, Jingfeng Chen
{"title":"Light/dark phase influences intra-individual plasticity in maintenance metabolic rate and exploratory behavior independently in the Asiatic toad.","authors":"Song Tan, Juan Li, Qiao Yang, Jinzhong Fu, Jingfeng Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00139-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00139-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is well-known that light/dark phase can affect energy expenditure and behaviors of most organisms; however, its influences on individuality (inter-individual variance) and plasticity (intra-individual variance), as well as their associations remain unclear. To approach this question, we repeatedly measured maintenance metabolic rate (MR), exploratory and risk-taking behaviors across light/dark phase four times using wild-caught female Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans), and partitioned their variance components with univariate and bivariate mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group means of maintenance MR and risk-taking behavior increased at night, while the group mean of exploratory behavior remained constant throughout the day. At night, the intra-individual variances were elevated in maintenance MR but reduced in exploration, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity was enhanced in the former but constrained in the latter. In addition, maintenance MR was not coupled with exploratory or risk-taking behaviors in daytime or at night, neither at the inter-individual nor intra-individual levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that these traits are independently modulated by the light/dark phase, and an allocation energy management model may be applicable in this species. This study sheds new insights into how amphibians adapt nocturnal lifestyle across multiple hierarchy levels via metabolic and behavioral adjustments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9806966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00131-y
Eric W Hammerschmith, Gavin C Woodruff, Kimberly A Moser, Erik Johnson, Patrick C Phillips
{"title":"Opposing directions of stage-specific body shape change in a close relative of C. elegans.","authors":"Eric W Hammerschmith, Gavin C Woodruff, Kimberly A Moser, Erik Johnson, Patrick C Phillips","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00131-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00131-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body size is a fundamental organismal trait. However, as body size and ecological contexts change across developmental time, evolutionary divergence may cause unexpected patterns of body size diversity among developmental stages. This may be particularly evident in polyphenic developmental stages specialized for dispersal. The dauer larva is such a stage in nematodes, and Caenorhabditis species disperse by traveling on invertebrate carriers. Here, we describe the morphology of a stress-resistant, dauer-like larval stage of the nematode Caenorhabditis inopinata, whose adults can grow to be nearly twice as long as its close relative, the model organism C. elegans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that a dauer-like, stress-resistant larval stage in two isolates of C. inopinata is on average 13% shorter and 30% wider than the dauer larvae of C. elegans, despite its much longer adult stage. Additionally, many C. inopinata dauer-like larvae were ensheathed, a possible novelty in this lineage reminiscent of the infective juveniles of parasitic nematodes. Variation in dauer-like larva formation frequency among twenty-four wild isolates of C. inopinata was also observed, although frequencies were low across all isolates (< 2%), with many isolates unable to produce dauer-like larvae under conventional laboratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most Caenorhabditis species thrive on rotting plants and disperse on snails, slugs, or isopods (among others) whereas C. inopinata is ecologically divergent and thrives in fresh Ficus septica figs and disperses on their pollinating wasps. While there is some unknown factor of the fig environment that promotes elongated body size in C. inopinata adults, the small size or unique life history of its fig wasp carrier may be driving the divergent morphology of its stress-resistant larval stages. Further characterization of the behavior, development, and morphology of this stage will refine connections to homologous developmental stages in other species and determine whether ecological divergence across multiple developmental stages can promote unexpected and opposing changes in body size dimensions within a single species.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10009475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00116-x
Davide Badano, Alice Lenzi, James E O'Hara, Kelly B Miller, Andrea Di Giulio, Filippo Di Giovanni, Pierfilippo Cerretti
{"title":"A world review of the bristle fly parasitoids of webspinners.","authors":"Davide Badano, Alice Lenzi, James E O'Hara, Kelly B Miller, Andrea Di Giulio, Filippo Di Giovanni, Pierfilippo Cerretti","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00116-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00116-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dipteran parasitoids of Embioptera (webspinners) are few and extremely rare but known from all biogeographical regions except Australasia/Oceania. All belong to the fly family Tachinidae, a hyperdiverse and widespread clade of parasitoids attacking a variety of arthropod orders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The webspinner-parasitizing Diptera are reviewed based mostly on records from the collecting and rearing by Edward S. Ross. A new genus is erected to accommodate a new Afrotropical species, Embiophoneus rossi gen. et sp. nov. The genus Perumyia Arnaud is reviewed and a new species, Perumyia arnaudi sp. nov., is described from Central America while P. embiaphaga Arnaud is redescribed and new host records are given. A new species of Phytomyptera Rondani, P. woodi sp. nov., is described from Myanmar, representing the first report of a member of this genus obtained from webspinners. The genus Rossimyiops Mesnil is reviewed, R. longicornis (Kugler) is redescribed and R. aeratus sp. nov., R. fuscus sp. nov. and R. rutilans sp. nov. are newly described from the Oriental Region, and an updated key to species is given.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Webspinners were probably colonized independently at least four times by tachinids shifting from other hosts, most likely Lepidoptera.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00135-8
Tsegaye Tefera, Dessalegn Ejigu, Nega Tassie
{"title":"Avian diversity and bird-aircraft strike problems in Bahir Dar International Airport, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.","authors":"Tsegaye Tefera, Dessalegn Ejigu, Nega Tassie","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00135-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00135-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bahir Dar International Airport and its surrounding habitats are known for their rich avifaunal diversity, which results in bird-aircraft collisions as a fundamental problem in the area. A study on bird diversity and bird-aircraft strikes at Bahir Dar International Airport was conducted between February 2020 and August 2020. Based on its vegetation structures, the study area was classified into four habitat types namely; bushland, grassland, wetland, and modified habitats. Transect and point count methods were used to collect data on avian diversity and abundance. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, and document analysis were used to gather information about incidents and protection measures against bird-aircraft strike problems. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson's similarity index, ANOVA, and chi-square test were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 80 avian species belonging to 15 orders and 40 families were identified in the study area. The highest species diversity (H' = 3.59) and species evenness (E = 0.96) were recorded in modified habitats during the wet season. Relative abundance categories of birds in the study area showed that most were uncommon birds. Birds pose severe threats to aircraft in the airport and 92.3% of the respondents replied that most bird-aircraft strikes occurred early in the morning and late in the afternoon when birds remain more active. The majority (88.5%) of questionnaire participants confirmed that bird-aircraft strike incidents frequently occurred during the time of takeoff and landing of the aircraft. It is also known that on average forty bird-aircraft collisions per year happen at the airport.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bahir Dar International Airport is rich in its bird diversity that recalls the aviation authority to work in collaboration with different organizations to avoid bird-aircraft strike problems using different control measures without compromising the conservation of birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9452982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex determination based on morphometric measurements in yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) around Istanbul.","authors":"Gülsün Pazvant, Nazan Gezer İnce, Ermiş Özkan, Ozan Gündemir, Kozet Avanus, Tomasz Szara","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00133-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-022-00133-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis), commonly found in Istanbul and their surroundings, have a monomorphic plumage, like other gull species. For this reason, sex determination cannot be made externally. In this study, a total of 60 adult Yellow-legged gulls, 33 males, and 27 females, collected from the coastal areas of Istanbul, were examined. Discriminating functions were developed to classify males and females using birds that were previously sexed by DNA analysis and abdominal dissection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Head length and bill depth were selected to build the discriminant function by the stepwise analysis. The function classified male gulls with an accuracy of 97.0% and females with an accuracy of 92.6%. Head length alone is the most accurate predictor in terms of the percentage of correct sex determination (90.9% for males, 92.6% for females).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Functions that can easily determine sexual dimorphism for the population of Larus michahellis gulls around Istanbul have been put forward for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10127090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9806953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BMC ZoologyPub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00137-6
Ngon T Truong, Gieo H Phan, Tran T H Lam, Ton H D Nguyen, Do T Khang, Men T Tran, Nam S Tran, Quang M Dinh
{"title":"The mismatch between morphological and molecular attribution of three Glossogobius species in the Mekong Delta.","authors":"Ngon T Truong, Gieo H Phan, Tran T H Lam, Ton H D Nguyen, Do T Khang, Men T Tran, Nam S Tran, Quang M Dinh","doi":"10.1186/s40850-022-00137-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40850-022-00137-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is the granary for the whole country, providing animal and plant resources, especially fish. Among the fish species, the genus Glossogobius are the majority. Until now, research for this species has been solely relied on fish morphology for identification. Hence, the present study aimed to describe the morphological variations of the morphologically identified gobies and to validate them at the molecular level through the sequencing of the barcode region, the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to preliminary provide fundamental information for conservation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I genes were amplified successfully with an approximate size of 650-680 bp. Their morphometries were quite different, and the genetic distance (p-value) among groups and within groups ranged from 0.00 to 0.12. The similarity of the COI gene sequences between the analyzed samples and in the NCBI database was from 87.01 to 100%. The specimens of G. aureus, G. giuris and G. sparsipapillus were interspersed in small branches of the phylogenetic tree with a low genetic distance highlighting that the genetic diversity of COI gene was low among species. Therefore, it is recommended that a combination of morphological method and mtCOI DNA barcoding is required for accurate classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study helps determine three distinct lineages of Glossogobius species, so an appropriate strategy can be proposed for exploitation and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48590,"journal":{"name":"BMC Zoology","volume":"7 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10126994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9447066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}