Children-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Oro-Dental Characteristics Associated with Pediatric Dental Neglect: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Anamaria Violeta Țuțuianu, Abel Emanuel Moca, Teodora Ștefănescu, Dan Alexandru Slăvescu, Lucian Roman Șipoș, Horia Câlniceanu, Anca Ionel","doi":"10.3390/children12091266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Dental neglect represents a preventable form of child maltreatment that may lead to significant oral and systemic health complications. This study primarily aimed to investigate the main oral manifestations and determinants of dental neglect in a pediatric population from Bihor County, Romania. Additionally, it assessed the association between systemic factors, such as nutritional status and psychological conditions, and the severity of oro-dental lesions, with the goal of informing future preventive strategies and public health interventions. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted on 333 pediatric patients diagnosed with dental neglect. Clinical data were collected from two centers between 2020 and 2024. Oral health status, socio-demographic characteristics, and psychological conditions were evaluated. Statistical analyses included Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Bonferroni-adjusted Z-tests, with significance set at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. <b>Results:</b> Among the 333 participants, 52.9% were male, with a mean age of 8.75 ± 3.29 years. Most children (81.7%) resided in rural areas, and 55.6% were first-born. Carious lesions were identified in 100% of cases, with 54.7% showing complications such as endodontic pathology. Poor oral hygiene was reported in 99.1% of children, while 58.6% presented signs of periodontal disease and 37.2% reported spontaneous gingival bleeding. Acute pain was experienced by 40.2% of participants. Nutritional issues were prevalent, with 24.3% classified as obese and 21.6% as malnourished. Significant associations were found between lesion severity and both psychological disorders (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and malnutrition (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> This study identifies untreated carious lesions, poor oral hygiene, acute dental pain, and oro-dental trauma as key clinical indicators of pediatric dental neglect, with rural residency and limited education as significant socio-demographic risk factors. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated, community-based strategies, including school-based screenings, parental education, and referral pathways, to improve early detection and prevention in Romania.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Modified Upadacitinib Dosing in Pediatric Refractory IBD: A Case-Based Analysis.","authors":"Frank Risto Rommel, Christa Bergheim, Inga Jerrentrup, Stefanie Weber, Andreas Jenke","doi":"10.3390/children12091268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes four pediatric patients with severe, therapy-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) and one pediatric patient with severe, therapy-refractory Crohn's disease (CD), all of whom failed widely used biologic therapies, including the approved treatments infliximab and adalimumab, as well as off-label use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab. Despite these first- and second-line interventions, patients' diseases remained active. Following the initiation of upadacitinib, an off-label Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with positive results in adult UC and CD patients, four children experienced rapid symptom improvement and achieved clinical remission. The rising incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the limited number of approved therapies underscore the need for additional treatment options in pediatric gastroenterology. Infliximab remains one of the only biologic therapies approved for pediatric UC and CD, forcing clinicians to rely on off-label medications, such as vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and upadacitinib, when standard treatments fail. To address this gap, it is crucial to include pediatric patients in clinical trials of new therapies, expanding the range of approved medications and improving outcomes for children with IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Hair Biomarkers with Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index in Preschool Children.","authors":"Anjali Gupta, Cynthia R Rovnaghi, Kanwaljeet J S Anand","doi":"10.3390/children12091264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, negatively impacting child growth and development. <b>Methods:</b> The Hair Biomarkers Study (HBS-I) evaluated healthy preschool children using parent-reported surveys, anthropometrics, and painlessly obtained scalp hair to measure hair cortisol (HCC; ng/mg) and oxytocin concentrations (HOC; ng/mg) via ELISA; log-transformed data were used in analyses. Height, weight, and BMI percentiles were based on CDC growth curves. Linear regressions examined associations of child and maternal hair biomarkers with percentiles, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. <b>Results:</b> The median age was 39.1 months (IQR 23.5-53.0, N = 1189). Higher child Ln-HCC was associated with an increased BMI percentile (0.027; 95%Cl: 0.013, 0.040), while higher child Ln-HOC was associated with a decreased BMI (-0.016; 95%Cl: -0.028, -0.005). Similar significant associations were observed between maternal biomarkers and child growth. In models mutually adjusted for mother and child hair biomarkers, maternal Ln-HCC was associated with an increased BMI percentile (0.036; 95%Cl: 0.003, 0.069), while maternal Ln-HOC was associated with a decreased BMI percentile (-0.034; 95%Cl: -0.052, -0.016). Maternal ACEs of 2-3 vs. 0-1 were associated with increased child weight (0.057; 95%Cl: 0.003, 0.112) and BMI percentiles (0.076; 95%Cl: 0.017, 0.135). <b>Conclusions:</b> We show that higher maternal and child HCC was associated with increased child BMI percentiles, while higher HOC was linked with decreased BMI percentiles. Hair biomarkers may reflect the effects of nurturing vs. adverse experiences during critical windows of growth and development in early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Predictors of School Absenteeism in First-Grade Children: A Multidimensional Longitudinal Study in Japan.","authors":"Yuki Soma, Yu Ogasawara, Hiromi Kobayashi","doi":"10.3390/children12091265","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Continuous schooling and healthy learning are essential during childhood. Therefore, we investigated the risk factors of absenteeism in supporting at-risk students. The aim of this study examined the longitudinal relationships between absenteeism and body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, physical fitness, academic performance, and frequency of school health room use during the first grade of elementary school. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 453 first-grade students in elementary school were included in the analysis. These students were enrolled in the target elementary schools between 2014 and 2021. The analysis used data obtained from the students' schoolwork. We performed a Cox regression analysis to assess the characteristics associated with absenteeism for 10 days or more, excluding absences due to relatives' funerals and suspension of attendance. The independent variables were BMI, sleep duration, sleep quality, frequency of physical activity, screen time, physical fitness, grade points, and frequency of health room use during the first grade of elementary school. <b>Results</b>: The grade point average (girls: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.013; boys: HR = 0.115) and frequency of use of school health rooms due to illness (girls: HR = 1.252; boys: HR = 1.261) were common among girls and boys in the adjusted model. Additionally, three or more days of physical activity per week and six or more days of sound sleep were additional predictors for girls. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our results suggest that careful monitoring of children with minimal physical activity, poor sleep quality, low grade point average, and frequent school health room usage in the first grade of elementary school and providing them with support in dealing with school difficulties may reduce absenteeism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Gait Variables and Step-to-Step Variability in Preschool-Aged Children Born Very Preterm at Risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Reem A Albesher, Jennifer L McGinley, Fiona L Dobson, Benjamin F Mentiplay, Tara L FitzGerald, Kate L Cameron, Jeanie L Y Cheong, Alicia J Spittle","doi":"10.3390/children12091261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>The gait pattern of children born very preterm shows gait decrements compared to their full-term peers in dual-task walking. It is essential to identify children at a higher risk for these gait deficits. The aim of this study was to compare spatiotemporal gait variables in preschool-age children born very preterm at risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) with those not at risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preschool-age children born < 30 weeks' gestation. Risk for DCD was defined as (i) ≤16th percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition, (ii) ≥80 on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition, and (iii) without cerebral palsy. Spatiotemporal gait variables and variability were assessed using GAITRite^® during preferred speed, cognitive and motor dual-task, and tandem conditions. Variables included speed (cm/s), step time (s), cadence (steps/min), step length (cm), base of support (BOS; cm), and single and double support time (%gait cycle).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 111 children who were assessed, 26 children were classified as at risk for DCD. Most gait variables were similar between groups at preferred speed walking. Children at risk for DCD had wider BOS and shorter single support time in motor dual-tasking (mean difference [MD] = 0.86 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10, 1.61; MD = -1.77%, 95% CI -3.36, -0.19) compared to those not at risk. Similarly, wider BOS and higher cadence were found when tandem walking (MD = 0.63 cm, 95% CI 0.07, 1.20; MD = 0.63 steps/min, 95% CI 0.07, 1.20).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children born very preterm at risk for DCD had poorer walking performance than those not at risk for DCD at preschool age, especially during dual-task situations. Clinicians may incorporate complex gait assessments into early evaluations to detect subtle impairments in children. Future research is needed to investigate the impact of gait variability on children's daily lives and participation in sports activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: The Role of Parent-Teacher Perception in Child Developmental Outcomes.","authors":"McKayla Jensen, Mikaela J Dufur, Jonathan A Jarvis, Shana L Pribesh","doi":"10.3390/children12091260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Time spent with parents and educators encompasses a large portion of a child's waking hours, with the home and early childhood education and care serving as two of the first settings in which children develop social and cognitive abilities. While previous studies have used social and cognitive tests to examine antecedents of child behavior, we extend such studies to take into account the congruence and incongruence of parents' and teachers' views on those antecedents. We examine the importance of parent-teacher alignment on the perceptions of a child's personality and abilities in early development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents and teachers of 2968 German Kindergarten-aged (4-5 years old) children were surveyed using the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Parents and teachers independently rated 10 child behavioral traits, with higher scores indicating more prosocial behavior. Educators also rated children on five developmental abilities (social abilities, ability to concentrate, language abilities, general knowledgeability, and mathematical reasoning) compared to the student's peers. While previous work has often examined how parental investments in children or teachers' views of children might be related to development, we provide a new take by examining parents and teachers in conjunction with each other. Research that has looked at both parents and teachers has tended to examine alignment, or lack thereof, on child behaviors and personality traits. We analyzed child developmental abilities using OLS regression models, measures of parent-teacher divergences in ratings of child behavior, and demographic controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater differences in parent and teacher perceptions of desire for knowledge were negatively associated with all five developmental abilities. Differences in parent and teacher perceptions on talkativeness, confidence, good-naturedness, and understanding were negatively associated with at least one developmental outcome. By contrast, differences in perceptions of children's neatness were positively associated with all five developmental abilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using both parent and teacher perceptions of child behaviors and abilities is a unique approach to understanding the relevance of parent and educator perceptions to a child's development. Our findings indicate the need for collaboration across young children's home and school or care settings. Establishing congruence in perceptions and the kinds of relationships that can lead to such congruence can help children with behavioral issues receive support in both home and educational settings and encourage mutual respect and partnership between parents and educators.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational Diabetes and Obesity: Immediate and Late Sequelae for Offspring.","authors":"Maria Kaza, George Paltoglou, Kalliopi Rodolaki, Konstantinos Kakleas, Spyridon Karanasios, Kyriaki Karavanaki","doi":"10.3390/children12091263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal obesity are major global health gestation-related conditions associated with several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. GDM is a common gestational metabolic disorder, presented usually during the second or third trimester of pregnancy with maternal hyperglycemia due to insulin intolerance. Maternal obesity, defined as a BMI of a woman during gestation ≥ 30 kg/m², has been associated with maternal complications such as GDM, fetal macrosomia and others. <b>Methods:</b> The presented article is a narrative review. The aim of this study was to review scientific evidence and conduct a comprehensive analysis of GDM and maternal obesity (\"diabesity\") and its immediate and late complications for both maternal and fetal/offspring wellbeing. <b>Results:</b> This review highlighted that gestational hyperglycemia results in oxidative and nitrogen stress development and that maternal obesity may have an impact similar to maternal diabetes, as it may cause fetal macrosomia and cardiometabolic complications later in life. <b>Conclusions:</b> Optimal diabetic control is responsible for the prevention of oxidative stress in diabetic pregnancies. Similarly, pregnant women should exercise regularly, receive folic acid supplementation and avoid excess weight gain during pregnancy. Breastfeeding during the first months of life has a positive impact on weight monitoring in infants born to mothers with diabesity and may be crucial in the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapted Basketball Training Improves Fitness and Motivation in Adolescents with Moderate Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Oumayma Slimi, Mohamed Abdelkader Souissi, Santo Marsigliante, Georgian Badicu, Jolita Vveinhardt, Antonella Muscella","doi":"10.3390/children12091262","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Adolescent obesity represents a global public health issue, with an urgent need for tailored intervention strategies, particularly in school settings. <b>Objectives:</b> This study investigated the impact of adapted basketball training-with and without video summaries-on BMI, fitness, motivation, and technical skills in adolescents with moderate obesity. <b>Methods:</b> Fifty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of three instructional modalities-a modified basketball program enriched with video summaries (ADAPT + VID), a modified program without videos (ADAPT), and a traditional program (CONT)-and completed an eight-week intervention. Before (T0) and after (T1) the intervention, participants in all three groups underwent testing to assess: (i) anthropometric measurements (BMI), (ii) technical accuracy (passing, dribbling, and shooting), (iii) physical fitness using the Intermittent Fitness Test 15-15 (Spartacus Test), and (iv) motivation using the Situational Motivation Scale. <b>Results:</b> Assessments revealed significant improvements in the ADAPT + VID group, with notable reductions in BMI (d = 0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.05), enhanced physical fitness (d = 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and improved performance in passing (d = 1.42, <i>p</i> < 0.001), dribbling (d = 1.30, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and free-throw shooting (d = 0.80, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, a significant increase in intrinsic motivation (d = 1.18, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and a reduction in amotivation (d = 1.12, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that incorporating pedagogical video summaries into an adapted basketball program may effectively improve physical health, motor skills, and motivation among adolescents with moderate obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Prediction of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Integrating Jeffrey Modell Foundation Criteria with Clinical Variables Using Machine Learning.","authors":"Alaaddin Yorulmaz, Ali Şahin, Gamze Sonmez, Fadime Ceyda Eldeniz, Yahya Gül, Mehmet Ali Karaselek, Şükrü Nail Güler, Sevgi Keleş, İsmail Reisli","doi":"10.3390/children12091259","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders caused by genetic defects in one or more components of the immune system. The Jeffrey Modell Foundation's (JMF) Ten Warning Signs are widely used for early detection; however, their diagnostic sensitivity is limited. Machine learning (ML) approaches may improve prediction accuracy by integrating additional clinical variables into decision-making frameworks. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective study included 298 participants (98 IEI, 200 non-IEI) evaluated at a university-affiliated clinical immunology clinic between January and December 2020. IEI diagnoses were confirmed using European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) criteria. Two datasets were constructed: one containing only JMF criteria and another combining JMF criteria with additional clinical variables. Four ML algorithms-random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), and naive Bayes (NB)-were trained and optimized using nested 5-fold stratified cross-validation repeated three times. Performance metrics included accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, Youden Index, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were applied to evaluate feature importance. <b>Results</b>: Using only JMF criteria, the best-performing model was SVM (accuracy: 0.90 ± 0.04, sensitivity: 0.93 ± 0.05, AUROC: 0.91 ± 0.02). With the addition of clinical variables, the SVM achieved superior performance (accuracy: 0.94 ± 0.03, sensitivity: 0.97 ± 0.03, AUROC: 0.99 ± 0.00), outperforming both the classical JMF criteria (accuracy: 0.91, sensitivity: 0.87, AUROC: 0.90) and the JMF-only SVM model. SHAP analysis identified family history of early death, pneumonia history, and ICU admission as the most influential predictors. <b>Conclusions</b>: ML models, particularly SVM integrating JMF criteria with additional clinical variables, substantially improve IEI prediction compared with classical JMF criteria. Implementation of such models in clinical settings may facilitate earlier diagnosis and timely intervention, potentially reducing morbidity and healthcare burden in IEI patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12468333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pacifier Sizing as a Prescription for Better Oral Health Outcomes for Infants: A Call to Action.","authors":"David A Tesini, Clive Friedman, Adithya Kethu, Kristin W Hendricks","doi":"10.3390/children12091257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children12091257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sucking is essential for feeding and impacts the development of the cranio-facial-respiratory complex (CFRC). Non-nutritive sucking on a pacifier causes palatal narrowing and modifies the natural balanced relationship between intraoral pressure, peristaltic action of the tongue and the palate. Advanced engineering models have shown that malocclusions caused by pacifier use, are often a result of improper sizing. The sizing of pacifiers has historically been based on chronological age. <i>Chronological age is not a size metric</i>. Undersized pacifiers in a baby's mouth can cause growth complications, palatal collapse airway incompetence and other orthodontic problems that can last a lifetime. Technical advances in facial anthropometrics and predictability of the rapid growth of the infant palate, can guide recommendations for pacifier size and design. This encourages change to a model of biometric sizing. Smartphone applications are being developed that use Ai and machine learning can predict conformity between palatal width and pacifier width.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12469228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}