Agriculture-Basel最新文献

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Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) Combined with As in Fe-Rich Red Soils of Tea Plantations in the Southern Anhui Province, East China 皖南富铁茶园红壤中溶解有机质(DOM)与砷的结合特征
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14122289
Youru Yao, Juying Li, Kang Ma, Jingyi Zhang, Y. S. Lin, Huarong Tan, Jia Yu, Fengman Fang
{"title":"Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) Combined with As in Fe-Rich Red Soils of Tea Plantations in the Southern Anhui Province, East China","authors":"Youru Yao, Juying Li, Kang Ma, Jingyi Zhang, Y. S. Lin, Huarong Tan, Jia Yu, Fengman Fang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14122289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122289","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is widely present in soil environments and plays a crucial role in controlling the morphology, environmental behavior, and hazards of arsenic (As) in soil. In the Fe-rich red soil of tea plantations, the decomposition of tea tree litter complicates DOM properties, leading to more uncertain interactions between DOM, Fe, and As. This study focused on three tea plantations in Huangshan City to investigate the contents of DOM, Fe, and As in surface red soils (Ferralsols) and establish their correlations. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and PARAFAC analysis methods were used to analyze the DOM components and fluorescence signatures. Additionally, the process and mechanism of the binding of DOM-Fe with As were explored through laboratory experiments on the morphological transformation of As by DOM-Fe. The results showed that the pH values of the soils in the three tea plantations ranged from 3.9 to 5.2, and the entire sample was strongly acidic. The DOM exhibited strong intrinsic properties and low humification, containing three types of humic acid components and one intermediate protein component. The DOC content in the Fe-rich red soil did not have a direct correlation with Fe and As, but the interaction of DOM fractions with Fe significantly influenced the As content. Specifically, the interaction of protein-like fractions with Fe had a more pronounced effect on the As content. The maximum sorption rate of As by DOM was 15.45%, and this rate increased by 49 to 75% with the participation of Fe. In the configuration of the metal electron bridge, Fe acts as a cation, forming a connecting channel between the negatively charged DOM and As, thus enhancing the DOM’s binding capacity to As. DOM-Fe compounds bind As through surface pores and functional groups. These findings provide deeper insights into the influence of DOM on As behavior in Fe-rich soil environments and offer theoretical support for controlling As pollution in red soil.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 12","pages":"2289-2289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2289/pdf?version=1734092924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Morphological, Physiological, and Molecular Bases of Salt Tolerance in Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) 紫薇耐盐性的形态、生理和分子基础
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14122267
Chunmei Yu, Zhixun Ding, Tianyi Yuan, Cannan Yu, Qin Jin, Di Lu, Hui Wei, Fei Zhong, Guoyuan Liu, Yanhong Chen, Jian Zhang
{"title":"Morphological, Physiological, and Molecular Bases of Salt Tolerance in Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica)","authors":"Chunmei Yu, Zhixun Ding, Tianyi Yuan, Cannan Yu, Qin Jin, Di Lu, Hui Wei, Fei Zhong, Guoyuan Liu, Yanhong Chen, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14122267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122267","url":null,"abstract":"Crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica and its relatives) is an important summer-flowering plant in numerous countries worldwide. However, there are few reports on salt-tolerant (ST) crape myrtle germplasm resources and their morphological and molecular biological foundations for adaptation to salinized soil, one of the main abiotic stresses in plants. This study identified the salt tolerance characteristics of 19 crape myrtle varieties and created four salt-tolerant germplasms through hybridization. Morphological anatomy and transcriptome analyses clarified that the xylem of the ST variety possessed a high number of vessels with a small lumen. Transcriptome research has indicated that under salt stress conditions, Ca2+, abscisic acid (ABA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways are involved in salt stress responses. One of the candidate genes LiTIP1;1 (encoding a tonoplast intrinsic protein) was overexpressed in Arabidopsis and the resultant overexpression (OE) lines performed better under CK and 100 mmol∙L−1 NaCl salt stress, but not under 200 mmol∙L−1 NaCl salt stress. Corresponding to physiological traits, genes encoding tubulin and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs), which are related to the plasma membrane localization of the cellulose synthase complex, are maintained at higher levels and are induced more by salt. In summary, this research has revealed the morphological, physiological, and molecular bases of ST crape myrtle to a certain extent and has provided a theoretical basis for further screening and breeding of salt-tolerant crape myrtle varieties.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 12","pages":"2267-2267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2267/pdf?version=1733911034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Effects of Biological Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of High-Moisture Oat Silage 生物添加剂对高水分燕麦青贮发酵品质及微生物群落的影响
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14122275
Yifei Huang, Siling Zhang, Minyi Hu, Shuyuan Yang, Ailing Hui, Wencheng Zhang, Zeyu Wu
{"title":"Effects of Biological Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of High-Moisture Oat Silage","authors":"Yifei Huang, Siling Zhang, Minyi Hu, Shuyuan Yang, Ailing Hui, Wencheng Zhang, Zeyu Wu","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14122275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122275","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study was to explore the effects of biological additives, including Streptococcus bovis (SB), Bacillus subtilis (BS), xylanase (XT), and their combined treatments, including SB + BS (SBBS), SB + XT (SBXT), and BS + XT (BSXT), on the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, and microbial community of high-moisture oat silage. Compared with the CK group (control group without additives), SB and SBBS treatments increased the lactic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and ammonia nitrogen in silage (p < 0.05). XT, SBXT, and BSXT treatments decreased the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents (p < 0.05), increasing the water-soluble carbohydrate content (p < 0.05). The SB, SBBS, and SBXT treatments increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus (p < 0.05) and significantly decreased microbial richness with diversity (p < 0.05), improving the microbial community structure in silage. The addition of XT increased the relative abundance of Clostridium and Enterobacteriaceae, but its combination with SB and BS increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and inhibited the development of undesirable bacteria. Moreover, different additives changed the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, cofactors and vitamins of bacterial communities during ensiling. In summary, the addition of SB and SBBS was more conducive to improving the fermentation characteristics of oat, while XT, SBXT, and BSXT performed better in degrading lignocellulose in plants.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 12","pages":"2275-2275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2275/pdf?version=1733984127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Far-Infrared Radiation Heating-Assisted Pulsed Vacuum Drying (FIR-PVD) Enhanced the Drying Efficiency and Quality Attributes of Raspberries 远红外辐射加热辅助脉冲真空干燥(FIR-PVD)提高了覆盆子的干燥效率和品质属性
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14122246
Ziliang Liu, Shanyu Wang
{"title":"Far-Infrared Radiation Heating-Assisted Pulsed Vacuum Drying (FIR-PVD) Enhanced the Drying Efficiency and Quality Attributes of Raspberries","authors":"Ziliang Liu, Shanyu Wang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14122246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122246","url":null,"abstract":"An emerging drying method, far-infrared radiation heating-assisted pulsed vacuum drying (FIR-PVD), was employed to dry raspberries. In this study, the impacts of FIR-PVD, freeze drying (FD), and hot air drying (HAD) on drying characteristics and quality attributes, including color, rehydration ratio, content of total phenolics (TP), content of total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), antioxidant activity, and microstructural attributes of dried raspberries, were examined. Results indicated that FIR-PVD notably shortened the drying time by 47.78% compared to HAD and by 73.89% compared to FD. The FIR-PVD samples exhibited the highest TP content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP value, which were 17.73%, 6.09%, and 38.16% higher than those of the FD samples, respectively, and 2.78%, 2.77%, and 18.74% higher than those of the HAD samples. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between antioxidant capacity, as measured by DPPH and FRAP assays, and TP content. However, FD at a low temperature led to a higher TMA content than FIR-PVD and HAD. FIR-PVD resulted in the highest ΔE values of dried products due to the lightness enhancement. In addition, the dried products obtained by FIR-PVD had better rehydration capacity. These findings indicate that FIR-PVD presents a promising alternative method for drying raspberries, as it enhances drying efficiency and improves the quality attributes of the dried products.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 12","pages":"2246-2246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2246/pdf?version=1733726975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Application of Melatonin and Organic Waste Derived from Vitamin C Industry Effectively Promotes Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cotton in Saline–Alkali Soil 褪黑素和维C工业有机废弃物的应用能有效促进盐碱地棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14122135
Xilai Zhao, Weichao Yang, Hao Sun, Mingfu Gao, Yushu Wang, Hui Xu
{"title":"The Application of Melatonin and Organic Waste Derived from Vitamin C Industry Effectively Promotes Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Cotton in Saline–Alkali Soil","authors":"Xilai Zhao, Weichao Yang, Hao Sun, Mingfu Gao, Yushu Wang, Hui Xu","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14122135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122135","url":null,"abstract":"Saline–alkali stress severely affects plant growth and productivity. Although melatonin can promote seed germination as a growth regulator, it cannot address the weak seedling growth caused by insufficient organic nutrients in saline–alkali soil. The RAE (residue after evaporation, an industrial waste from the industrial production of vitamin C) can enhance plant salt tolerance by stimulating vitamin C (ASA) synthesis and contains abundant small molecular organic acids. We hypothesized that the combined application of melatonin and RAE might synergistically enhance cotton germination and seedling growth. The cotton seeds used in this study were “Xin Lu Zhong No. 87”; a Petri dish simulation experiment and a pot experiment were conducted in 2023. Four treatments were set: control (CK), melatonin (MT), RAE (RAE), and the combined application of MT and RAE (MR). Compared to CK, MT significantly increased the germination rate of cotton seed (194.4%), while RAE significantly enhanced the underground biomass of cotton seedlings (40.3%) and ASA content (203.8%). Compared to MT and R, the combined application of melatonin and RAE significantly increased the ASA content (54.5%, 29.6%) in roots, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (220.3%, 89.6%) in roots, catalase (CAT) activity (15.8%, 97.5%) in leaves on the 15th day, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) (57.2%, 9.7%), and total fresh weight (20.8%, 33.8%). Collectively, these findings indicate that the synergistic effect under the combined use of melatonin and RAE promotes cotton seed germination and seedling growth, offering a novel technical solution for salt–alkali soil cotton cultivation along with an innovative approach for the resource utilization of RAE.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 12","pages":"2135-2135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2135/pdf?version=1732528536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on the Identification of Brown Rice Storage Year Based on Fluorescence Spectral Fusion Technique 基于荧光光谱融合技术的糙米贮藏年份鉴定研究
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14112041
Yingying Zhou, Yixin Qiu, Zhipeng Li, Zhuang Miao, Changming Li, Chunyu Liu, Yong Tan
{"title":"Study on the Identification of Brown Rice Storage Year Based on Fluorescence Spectral Fusion Technique","authors":"Yingying Zhou, Yixin Qiu, Zhipeng Li, Zhuang Miao, Changming Li, Chunyu Liu, Yong Tan","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14112041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14112041","url":null,"abstract":"The storage time of rice determines its quality and nutritional value, and the longer the storage time, the greater the impact. In this study, different excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 365 nm, 310 nm) were used to detect the fluorescence spectrum of “Dongdao 12” brown rice. Support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and wide neural network (WNN) were used for modeling and analysis. Under the excitation of 310 nm, the accuracy of WNN classification is up to 99.2%. In order to reduce the scattering effect and other interference in the data, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variable (SNV), and Savitzky–Goray smoothing (SG) preprocessing methods were used. The results showed that SG + KNN classification achieved an accuracy of 99.3% under 310 nm excitation. In order to further improve the classification accuracy, the original spectrum and the preprocessed spectrum under different excitation light sources were fused. The classification accuracy of all methods was improved, and the original data fusion was combined with the WNN model to reach 100%. It shows that fluorescence spectroscopy has excellent potential in identifying rice storage years.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 11","pages":"2041-2041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/11/2041/pdf?version=1731487145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finite Element Simulations and Experimental Analysis for Efficient Mugwort Harvesting 艾蒿高效采收的有限元模拟与实验分析
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14111875
Siqi Wang, Daode Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu Rui
{"title":"Finite Element Simulations and Experimental Analysis for Efficient Mugwort Harvesting","authors":"Siqi Wang, Daode Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Lu Rui","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14111875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14111875","url":null,"abstract":"When mugwort is mechanically harvested, problems such as a low efficiency and high crushing rate seriously affect the quality of mugwort and restrict the development of the mugwort industry. In order to improve the efficiency of mugwort harvesting and reduce the crushing rate, the finite element method simulation and experiment are combined to study the optimal harvesting method of mugwort. Firstly, the parameters of the components of mugwort, such as the mugwort culm, mugwort stalk, and mugwort leaf, were investigated by tensile and three-point bending methods to determine the values of density, the modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio, and to establish the material mechanics model of mugwort. Secondly, harvesting of mugwort was simulated through the established three-dimensional model of mugwort, combined with its material mechanics model and using display dynamics. Finally, by conducting harvesting tests on mugwort, the harvesting force of different harvesting directions and harvesting positions were measured to reveal the harvesting mechanism of mugwort and to determine the optimal harvesting direction and position of mugwort leaves. The experimental results showed that the harvesting force was lowest when the harvesting angle was 0° or 90°, and the leaves were least damaged when the harvesting position was close to the stalk. The results of the study can provide data support for the study of the mechanical properties of mugwort and provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of high-efficiency and low-loss mugwort harvesting machinery and the optimisation of harvesting methods.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 11","pages":"1875-1875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Study on Rice Origin and Quality Identification Based on Fluorescence Spectral Features 基于荧光光谱特征的水稻产地及品质鉴定研究
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14101763
Yixin Qiu, Yong Tan, Yingying Zhou, Zhipeng Li, Zhuang Miao, Changming Li, Xitian Mei, Chunyu Liu, Xing Teng
{"title":"Study on Rice Origin and Quality Identification Based on Fluorescence Spectral Features","authors":"Yixin Qiu, Yong Tan, Yingying Zhou, Zhipeng Li, Zhuang Miao, Changming Li, Xitian Mei, Chunyu Liu, Xing Teng","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14101763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101763","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of agricultural products significantly influences their quality and safety. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to analyse Japonica rice 830, grown in different areas of Jilin Province, by examining rice seed, brown rice, and rice flour from 12 origins. Fluorescence spectra were pre-processed through normalisation and smoothing to remove noise. These processed spectra were input into decision trees, support vector machines (SVMs), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), and neural network models for classification. The analysis revealed that the combined four models achieved an average classification accuracy of 98.05% with a computation time of 180 s, while the reduced-scale models improved accuracy to 98.36% and reduced computation time to 11.25 s. Additionally, prediction models using standard rice starch content values across different states achieved R² values over 0.8. This method provides a rapid, precise approach for assessing rice quality and origin, demonstrating significant potential for application in rice analysis.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":"1763-1763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/10/1763/pdf?version=1728188571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147913484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Preparation of Barley AGPS2b Antibody and Its Application in Hormone Regulation Research 大麦AGPS2b抗体的制备及其在激素调控研究中的应用
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14101712
Boai Xi, Qiyan Zhou, Yang Guo, Noman Shaoib, Zhenbin Cheng, Yan Gao, Yajie Liu, Hui Zhao, Zongyun Feng, Guowu Yu
{"title":"Preparation of Barley AGPS2b Antibody and Its Application in Hormone Regulation Research","authors":"Boai Xi, Qiyan Zhou, Yang Guo, Noman Shaoib, Zhenbin Cheng, Yan Gao, Yajie Liu, Hui Zhao, Zongyun Feng, Guowu Yu","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14101712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101712","url":null,"abstract":"ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), which is a key enzyme in the starch biosynthesis pathway, plays a critical role in barley grain development. Despite its importance, the regulatory mechanisms governing AGPase expression, particularly the influence of plant hormones, remain poorly understood in barley. To address this, we identified and characterized the HvAGPS2b gene, which encodes the AGPase small subunit. The full-length HvAGPS2b gene was cloned from the barley database and expressed as a recombinant protein using the pET-30a system. Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against HvAGPS2b to facilitate detailed analysis. Our findings revealed that HvAGPS2b, as a small subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme AGPase, is integral to the later stages of grain development. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and Western blotting analyses showed that the phytohormones ABA, GA, ETH, and BR significantly upregulated the expression of AGPase small subunits. These results underscore the vital role of plant hormones in modulating AGPS2b expression, thereby influencing grain development. This study provides significant insights into the hormonal regulation of starch biosynthesis and establishes a foundation for further investigation into the functional dynamics of AGPase in barley.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":"1712-1712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Reproductive Structures of Female Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and the Development of Egg and Embryo in the Body 雌性persimililseiulus(蜱螨亚纲:蜱螨科)的生殖结构及卵、胚在体内的发育
2区 农林科学
Agriculture-Basel Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14091647
B.Y. Huang, Mingxia Li, Xiaohuan Jiang, Bo Zhang, Yong Huang, Xuenong Xu
{"title":"Reproductive Structures of Female Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and the Development of Egg and Embryo in the Body","authors":"B.Y. Huang, Mingxia Li, Xiaohuan Jiang, Bo Zhang, Yong Huang, Xuenong Xu","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14091647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14091647","url":null,"abstract":"The Phytoseiulus persimilis specialized in preying on Tetranychus species, with particularly strong predation capability against Tetranychus urticae. To investigate the morphology of female reproductive structures and effects of different gravid times on structures of oocytes and embryos in Phytoseiulus persimilis, we employed paraffin sectioning, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the model species of predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. The female adult possessed several reproductive organs, including paired solenostomes, major ducts, embolus, calyces, and vesicles within the sperm-access system, as well as lyrate organ and the ovary. Furthermore, the reproductive system also encompassed the uterus, vagina, and genital pore, which were involved in egg development and expulsion. The solenostomes were situated between the third and fourth legs, and they were scarcely discernible in virgin, but they became apparent during mating. The occurrence of mating significantly influenced the nucleus of lyrate organ. In virgin, the nucleus exhibited underdeveloped morphology, whereas in mated individuals, it was well-formed. However, the duration of mating did not impact its development. The cellular structure of the ovary was solely associated with the stage of the surrounding oocyte and was not directly linked to mating occurrences. The uterus was barely visible outside of mating periods but became observable 12 h after mating when eggs were present within the body. At this point, it opened in preparation for egg laying when both the vagina and reproductive opening were open. Positioned in front of the vesicle but behind the ovary was the lyrate organ, with its lower part housing the uterus. The vagina was connected to the genital pore. No significant difference was observed in oocyte morphology between the virgin ovaries and the mated. Oocyte development occurred through four stages: during stage I (4–9 h after mating), yolk accumulation took place; stage II (10 h after mating) involved egg relocation; stage III (12–13 h after mating) was marked by eggshell formation; finally, at stage IV (14–16 h after mating), embryonic development commenced, leading to egg deposition. The fusion of sperm and egg occurred approximately 9–10 h after mating. These findings established a solid foundation for investigating the Phytoseiid reproductive mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":"1647-1647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147915921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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