Arctic Science最新文献_第9页

Unusually Thick Freshwater Ice and its Impacts on Aquatic Resources in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR-A) during the Winter of 2020-21 2020-21年冬季阿拉斯加国家石油保护区(NPR-A)异常厚的淡水冰及其对水生资源的影响

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0027

C. Arp, M. Engram, A. Bondurant, Katie A. Drew

{"title":"Unusually Thick Freshwater Ice and its Impacts on Aquatic Resources in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR-A) during the Winter of 2020-21","authors":"C. Arp, M. Engram, A. Bondurant, Katie A. Drew","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a long-term thinning trend in freshwater ice in northern Alaska, cold low-snow cover winters can still emerge to grow thick ice. In 2021, we observed abnormally thick ice by winter’s end on lakes and rivers throughout the Fish Creek Watershed in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR-A). This recent and anomalous winter presented an opportunity to assess how such conditions, more typical of many decades’ previous, affected aquatic habitat and winter water supply. Observed maximum ice thickness in 2021 of 1.9 m closely matched low-snow ice-growth simulations, whereas previous records averaged 1.5 m and more closely matched high-snow ice-growth simulations. The resulting extent of bedfast lake ice from late winter synthetic aperture radar (SAR) analysis in 2021 was the highest on record since 1992. This SAR analysis suggests a 33% reduction in liquid water below ice by lake surface area compared to the recent thin-ice winter of 2018 (1.2 m). Together these results help place the cold, low-snow winter of 2020-21 in context of the long-term trend toward warmer, snowier winters that appear to becoming more common in arctic Alaska.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genetic structure of extant populations of Chrysanthemum arcticum L. and C. arcticum subsp. arcticum 菊花和菊花亚种现存种群的遗传结构。弓形虫

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0029

Y. Liu, N. Anderson, A. Noyszewski

{"title":"Genetic structure of extant populations of Chrysanthemum arcticum L. and C. arcticum subsp. arcticum","authors":"Y. Liu, N. Anderson, A. Noyszewski","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the genetic diversity in natural plant populations is important in order to develop conservation strategies and utilize valuable germplasm resources. Chrysanthemum arcticum L., Arctic daisy, (=Arctanthemum arcticum; =Dendranthema arcticum) and its two subspecies (C. arcticum L. subsp. arcticum, C. arcticum L. subsp. polaré Hultén) are the only chrysanthemum species native to North America. We collected 529 individuals in nine C. arcticum and 21 C. a. subsp. arcticum populations from the state of Alaska mainland and Attu Island (the westernmost Aleutian Island). Evidence of declining population sizes and decreasing ranges of distribution were detected for both species and subspecies. Population genetic diversity was analyzed using 7,449 SNP markers developed using low density DArTseq technology. Three distinct genetic clusters within C. arcticum populations were detected by STRUCTURE 2.3.4, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and SplitsTree. SNP data showed a clear taxonomic distinction among C. arcticum and C. a. subsp. arcticum. However, within C. a. subsp. arcticum populations, two subgroups occurred in the genetic cluster analyses that were a mixture of individuals from different populations, which may be the result of gene flow.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45750175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Special Issue 特殊的问题

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1163/156916287x00087

西澤陽一郎

引用次数: 0

The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX): 30 years of research on tundra ecosystems 国际苔原实验（ITEX）：30年来对苔原生态系统的研究

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0041

G. Henry, R. Hollister, K. Klanderud, R. Björk, Anne D. Bjorkman, Cassandra Elphinstone, I. Jónsdóttir, U. Molau, A. Petraglia, S. Oberbauer, C. Rixen, P. Wookey

{"title":"The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX): 30 years of research on tundra ecosystems","authors":"G. Henry, R. Hollister, K. Klanderud, R. Björk, Anne D. Bjorkman, Cassandra Elphinstone, I. Jónsdóttir, U. Molau, A. Petraglia, S. Oberbauer, C. Rixen, P. Wookey","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was founded in 1990 as a network of scientists studying responses of tundra ecosystems to ambient and experimental climate change at Arctic and alpine sites across the globe. Common measurement and experimental design protocols have facilitated synthesis of results across sites to gain biome-wide insights of climate change impacts on tundra. This special issue presents results from more than 30 years of ITEX research. The importance of snow regimes, bryophytes, and herbivory are highlighted, with new protocols and studies proposed. The increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events is shown to have strong effects on plant reproduction. The most consistent plant trait response across sites is an increase in vegetation height, especially for shrubs. This will affect surface energy balance, carbon and nutrient dynamics and trophic level interactions. Common garden studies show adaptation responses in tundra species to climate change but they are species and regionally specific. Recommendations are made including establishing sites near northern communities to increase reciprocal engagement with local knowledge holders and establishing multi-factor experiments. The success of ITEX is based on collegial cooperation among researchers and the network remains focused on documenting and understanding impacts of environmental change on tundra ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41423745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Combining Community Observations and Remote Sensing to Examine the Effects of Roads on Wildfires in the East Siberian Boreal Forest 结合社区观测和遥感研究道路对东西伯利亚北部森林野火的影响

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0042

V. Kuklina, O. Sizov, Victor Bogdanov, N. Krasnoshtanova, Arina O. Morozova, A. Petrov

{"title":"Combining Community Observations and Remote Sensing to Examine the Effects of Roads on Wildfires in the East Siberian Boreal Forest","authors":"V. Kuklina, O. Sizov, Victor Bogdanov, N. Krasnoshtanova, Arina O. Morozova, A. Petrov","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0042","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is aimed at assessing the associations between the road networks geography and dynamics of wildfire events in the East Siberian boreal forest. We examined the relationship between the function of roads, their use, and management and the wildfire ignition, propagation and termination during the catastrophic fire season of 2016 in the Irkutsk Region of Russia. Document analysis and interviews were utilized to identify main forest users and road infrastructure functional types and examine wildfire management practices. We combined community observations and satellite remotely sensed data to assess relationships between the location, extent and timing of wildfires and different types of roads as fire sources, barriers, and suppression access points. Our study confirms a strong spatial relationship between the wildfire ignition points and roads differentiated by their types with the highest probability of fire ignition near forestry roads and the lowest near subsistence roads. Roads also play an important role in wildfire suppression working as both physical barriers and access points for firefighters. Our research illustrates the importance of local and Indigenous observations along the roads for monitoring and understanding wildfires, including ‘zombie fires’. It also has practical implications for fire management collectively developed by authorities and local communities.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46149545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Plastics as a carrier of chemical additives to the Arctic: Possibilities for strategic monitoring across the circumpolar North 塑料作为北极化学添加剂的载体:在环北极进行战略监测的可能性

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0055

Bonnie M. Hamilton, J. Baak, K. Vorkamp, S. Hammer, M. Granberg, D. Herzke, J. Provencher

{"title":"Plastics as a carrier of chemical additives to the Arctic: Possibilities for strategic monitoring across the circumpolar North","authors":"Bonnie M. Hamilton, J. Baak, K. Vorkamp, S. Hammer, M. Granberg, D. Herzke, J. Provencher","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution (including microplastics) has been reported in a variety of biotic and abiotic compartments across the circumpolar Arctic. Due to their environmental ubiquity, there is a need to understand not only the fate and transport of physical plastic particles, but also the fate and transport of additive chemicals associated with plastic pollution. Further, there is a fundamental research gap in understanding long-range transport of chemical additives to the Arctic via plastics as well as their behavior under environmentally relevant, Arctic conditions. Here, we comment on the state of the science of plastic as carriers of chemical additives to the Arctic, and highlight research priorities going forward. We suggest further research on the transport pathways of chemical additives via plastics from both distant and local sources and laboratory experiments to investigate chemical behavior of plastic additives under Arctic conditions, including leaching, uptake, and bioaccumulation. Ultimately, chemical additives need to be included in strategic monitoring efforts to fully understand the contaminant burden of plastic pollution in Arctic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Arctic roads and railways: social and environmental consequences of transport infrastructure in the Circumpolar North 北极公路和铁路:环北极运输基础设施的社会和环境后果

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0033

Olga Povoroznyuk, W. Vincent, P. Schweitzer, Roza I. Laptander, M. Bennett, F. Calmels, D. Sergeev, C. Arp, B. Forbes, P. Roy-Léveillée, D. Walker

{"title":"Arctic roads and railways: social and environmental consequences of transport infrastructure in the Circumpolar North","authors":"Olga Povoroznyuk, W. Vincent, P. Schweitzer, Roza I. Laptander, M. Bennett, F. Calmels, D. Sergeev, C. Arp, B. Forbes, P. Roy-Léveillée, D. Walker","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Land-based transport corridors and their related infrastructure increasingly extend into and across the Arctic in support of resource development and population growth, causing large-scale cumulative changes in northern socio-ecological systems. These changes result from the increased mobility of people, goods and resources, and from environmental impacts on landscapes and ecosystems as the human footprint extends into remote, unindustrialized regions. Arctic climate change is bringing new challenges for construction and maintenance of transport systems, requiring adaptive engineering solutions as well as community resilience to change. In this review article, we consider the complex entanglements between humans, the environment and land transportation infrastructure in the North, and illustrate these aspects by way of seven case studies: Baikal-Amur Mainline, Bovanenkovo Railway, Alaska-Canada Highway, Inuvik-Tuktoyatuk Highway, Alaska Railroad, Hudson Bay Railway and proposed railways on Baffin Island, Canada. As new infrastructure is anticipated and built across the circumpolar North, there is an urgent need for an integrated socio-ecological approach to impact assessment. This would include full consideration of Indigenous knowledge and concerns, collaboration with local communities and user groups in assessment, planning and monitoring, and evaluation of alternative engineering designs to contend with the impacts of climate change in the decades ahead.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41702224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The spatial and temporal influence of infrastructure and road dust on seasonal snowmelt, vegetation productivity, and early season surface water cover in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield 普拉德霍湾油田基础设施和道路粉尘对季节性融雪、植被生产力和季初地表水覆盖的时空影响

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-08-11 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0013

H. Bergstedt, B. Jones, D. Walker, J. Peirce, A. Bartsch, G. Pointner, M. Kanevskiy, M. Raynolds, M. Buchhorn

{"title":"The spatial and temporal influence of infrastructure and road dust on seasonal snowmelt, vegetation productivity, and early season surface water cover in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield","authors":"H. Bergstedt, B. Jones, D. Walker, J. Peirce, A. Bartsch, G. Pointner, M. Kanevskiy, M. Raynolds, M. Buchhorn","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Increased industrial development in the Arctic has led to a rapid expansion of infrastructure in the region. Localized impacts of infrastructure on snow distribution, road dust, and snowmelt timing and duration feeds back into the coupled Arctic system causing a series of cascading effects that remain poorly understood. We quantify spatial and temporal patterns of snow-off dates in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield, Alaska, using Sentinel-2 data. We derive the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) to quantify snow persistence in 2019-2020. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were used to show linkages of vegetation and surface hydrology, in relationship to patterns of snowmelt. Newly available infrastructure data was used to analyze snowmelt patterns in relation infrastructure. Results show a relationship between snowmelt and distance to infrastructure varying by use and traffic load, and orientation relative to the prevailing wind direction (up to 1 month difference in snow-free dates). Post-snowmelt surface water area showed a strong negative correlation (up to -0.927) with distance to infrastructure. Results from field observations indicate an impact of infrastructure on winter near-surface ground temperature and snow depth. This study highlights the impact of infrastructure on a large area beyond the direct human footprint and the interconnectedness between snow-off timing, vegetation, surface hydrology, and near-surface ground temperatures.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44860401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Arctic fleas are not fussy eaters: Bartonella bacteria may hitchhike between birds and mammals in a tundra ecosystem 北极跳蚤不是挑剔的食客：巴尔通菌可能在苔原生态系统中的鸟类和哺乳动物之间搭便车

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0014

Kayla J. Buhler, Breeze Agar, T. Galloway, R. Alisauskas, E. Jenkins

{"title":"Arctic fleas are not fussy eaters: Bartonella bacteria may hitchhike between birds and mammals in a tundra ecosystem","authors":"Kayla J. Buhler, Breeze Agar, T. Galloway, R. Alisauskas, E. Jenkins","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Within the terrestrial Arctic ecosystem at Karrak Lake, Nunavut, Bartonella bacteria (B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. henselae) have been detected in avian nest fleas (Ceratophyllus vagabundus vagabundus) and the blood of Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus). We further investigate the transmission dynamics at Karrak Lake by identifying Bartonella present in rodents, migratory geese upon arrival to nesting grounds, and rodent and avian fleas. Conventional PCR targeting the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer region revealed DNA of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. rochalimae in 42% of 24 nest flea pools, B. rochalimae and B. grahamii in 70% of 10 rodent flea pools (Amalaraeus dissimilis), B. grahamii, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, and Bartonella sp. BvS12 in 20% of 20 red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus), and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in 2% of 42 Ross’s geese (Anser rossii). These findings suggest that geese and their associated fleas serve as migratory hosts and vectors. Detection of the same or similar species of Bartonella in rodent fleas, nest fleas and foxes proposes that transmission may occur during predation and detection of B. rochalimae (a Bartonella species commonly detected in rodents) in nest fleas, may suggest that these fleas have generalist feeding tendencies, acquiring Bartonella from rodents or foxes as they visit nests.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48029645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current efforts on microplastic monitoring in Arctic fish and how to proceed 目前对北极鱼类微塑料监测的努力以及如何进行

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0057

T. Kögel, Bonnie M. Hamilton, M. Granberg, J. Provencher, S. Hammer, A. Gomiero, K. Magnusson, A. Lusher

{"title":"Current efforts on microplastic monitoring in Arctic fish and how to proceed","authors":"T. Kögel, Bonnie M. Hamilton, M. Granberg, J. Provencher, S. Hammer, A. Gomiero, K. Magnusson, A. Lusher","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0057","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, we investigated published data on the occurrence of microplastic in Arctic fish, and the suitability of the data and species for risk assessment and monitoring. As of 11.11.2021, we found nine studies in the peer-reviewed literature, one thesis and one report, confirming the occurrence of microplastic in fishes from multiple Arctic regions. The studies varied in methodology, detection and quantification limitations, reported categories of size, shape, and chemical identity. All these factors influence the numbers of microplastic reported, thus limiting comparability and hindering integrative analysis. The physiological impacts of the reported microplastic contamination cannot be determined, as all studies targeted stomach/intestine contents and did not use methods with limits of detection low enough to determine particle translocation from the intestine to other organs, tissues or body fluids within the fish. Furthermore, there is a fundamental lack of understanding the transfer and the effects of plastic additives to Arctic fishes. In addition to discussing methodological challenges and knowledge gaps, we consider ecosystem needs, commercial interests, Indigenous people’s subsistence, food safety and food sovereignty concerns, and developed a framework to harmonize and facilitate pan-Arctic microplastic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5