Arctic Science最新文献_第9页

Monitoring litter and microplastics in Arctic mammals and bird 监测北极哺乳动物和鸟类的垃圾和微塑料

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0058

A. Lusher, J. Provencher, J. Baak, Bonnie M. Hamilton, K. Vorkamp, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, L. Pijogge, M. Liboiron, M. Bourdages, S. Hammer, M. Gavrilo, J. Vermaire, J. F. Linnebjerg, M. Mallory, G. Gabrielsen

{"title":"Monitoring litter and microplastics in Arctic mammals and bird","authors":"A. Lusher, J. Provencher, J. Baak, Bonnie M. Hamilton, K. Vorkamp, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, L. Pijogge, M. Liboiron, M. Bourdages, S. Hammer, M. Gavrilo, J. Vermaire, J. F. Linnebjerg, M. Mallory, G. Gabrielsen","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution has been reported to affect Arctic mammals and birds. There are strengths and limitations to monitoring litter and microplastics using Arctic mammals and birds. One strength is the direct use of these data to understand the potential impacts on Arctic biodiversity as well as effects on human health, if selected species are consumed. Monitoring programs must be practically designed with all purposes in mind, and a spectrum of approaches and species will be required. Spatial and temporal trends of plastic pollution can be built on the information obtained from studies on northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), a species that is an environmental indicator. To increase our understanding of the potential implications for human health, the species and locations chosen for monitoring should be selected based on the priorities of local communities. Monitoring programs under development should examine species for population level impacts in Arctic mammals and birds. Mammals and birds can be useful in source and surveillance monitoring via locally designed monitoring programs. We recommend future programs consider a range of monitoring objectives with mammals and birds as part of the suite of tools for monitoring litter and microplastics, plastic chemical additives and effects, and for understanding sources.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46973953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Monitoring 13 years of drastic catchment change and the hydroecological responses of a drained thermokarst lake 某排水热岩溶湖13年流域剧烈变化及水文生态响应监测

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.1139/as-2020-0022

K. Turner, B. Wolfe, I. McDonald

{"title":"Monitoring 13 years of drastic catchment change and the hydroecological responses of a drained thermokarst lake","authors":"K. Turner, B. Wolfe, I. McDonald","doi":"10.1139/as-2020-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Catastrophic drainage of thermokarst lakes transform portions of former lakebed to terrestrial settings, which have largely unknown consequences for the remaining aquatic habitat. Old Crow Flats, northern Yukon (Canada), is a lake-rich area that has recently experienced a climate-driven increase in lake drainage frequency. A notable example occurred during June 2007 when Zelma Lake (originally 12 km2) lost over 80% of its volume. Here we integrate remote sensing techniques with in-situ hydrological and limnological measurements over 13 years following drainage to 1) monitor water surface area and terrestrial land cover change and 2) identify associated effects on aquatic conditions. An airborne drone system was used to provide training data for land cover classification of AVIRIS-NG data, which indicated that tall willow shrubs covered 30.8% of the former lake area by 2017. Lake water isotope-derived deuterium-excess increased during the 13-year record indicating that hydrological input increased with greater snowpack accumulation within encroaching vegetation. Limnological conditions were highly variable and eutrophic during the first few years following drainage but became more stable as vegetation colonized the former lakebed. This long-term study provides insight of aquatic responses to thermokarst lake drainage and shrub vegetation proliferation, which are increasing in Arctic and subarctic regions.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46506552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Factors affecting River Turbidity in a Degrading Permafrost Environment: The Tasiapik River, Umiujaq (Nunavik)” 在退化的永久冻土环境中影响河流浊度的因素：乌米乌贾克（努纳维克）Tasiapik河

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0036

F. Manseau, N. Bhiry, J. Molson, D. Cloutier

{"title":"Factors affecting River Turbidity in a Degrading Permafrost Environment: The Tasiapik River, Umiujaq (Nunavik)”","authors":"F. Manseau, N. Bhiry, J. Molson, D. Cloutier","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0036","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on spatiotemporal changes in water turbidity in relation to permafrost to document the impact of meteorological conditions and water flow on hydro-sedimentary processes in northern regions. Starting in June of 2019, water turbidity data were collected at six sites along the Tasiapik River (Nunavik). A statistical analysis was completed based on records of water turbidity, precipitation, water flow and air temperature. Our results show a significant correlation between air temperatures and turbidity, with a correlation of up to r = 0.59. These correlations depend on the location of the site along the river and the time of the study period (June-October 2019). The flow rate was the primary factor that caused variations in the turbidity of the Tasiapik River. Our results showed that following an increase in flow rate, there was an almost simultaneous increase in turbidity due to erosion of the banks. The duration and intensity of precipitation events are also important factors affecting the process of sediment transport. Even though meteorological conditions play an important role in turbidity variation, other characteristics of the site such as the topography and the existence of thermokarst lakes are additional factors that influence the dynamics of sediment transport in the Tasiapik River.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44024758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Mapping tundra ecosystem plant functional type cover, height and aboveground biomass in Alaska and northwest Canada using unmanned aerial vehicles 利用无人机测绘阿拉斯加和加拿大西北部冻土带生态系统植物功能类型覆盖、高度和地上生物量

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0044

K. Orndahl, Libby Ehlers, J. Herriges, Rachel E. Pernick, M. Hebblewhite, S. Goetz

{"title":"Mapping tundra ecosystem plant functional type cover, height and aboveground biomass in Alaska and northwest Canada using unmanned aerial vehicles","authors":"K. Orndahl, Libby Ehlers, J. Herriges, Rachel E. Pernick, M. Hebblewhite, S. Goetz","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic vegetation communities are rapidly changing with climate warming, which impacts wildlife, carbon cycling and climate feedbacks. Accurately monitoring vegetation change is thus crucial, but scale mismatches between field and satellite-based monitoring cause challenges. Remote sensing from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has emerged as a bridge between field data and satellite-based mapping. We assess the viability of using high resolution UAV imagery and UAV-derived Structure from Motion (SfM) to predict cover, height and aboveground biomass (henceforth biomass) of Arctic plant functional types (PFTs) across a range of vegetation community types. We classified imagery by PFT, estimated cover and height, and modeled biomass from UAV-derived volume estimates. Predicted values were compared to field estimates to assess results. Cover was estimated with root-mean-square error (RMSE) 6.29-14.2% and height was estimated with RMSE 3.29-10.5 cm, depending on the PFT. Total aboveground biomass was predicted with RMSE 220.5 g m-2, and per-PFT RMSE ranged from 17.14-164.3 g m-2. Deciduous and evergreen shrub biomass was predicted most accurately, followed by lichen, graminoid, and forb biomass. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of using UAVs to map PFT biomass, which provides a link towards improved mapping of PFTs across large areas using earth observation satellite imagery.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44193731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Coastal marine biodiversity in the western Canadian Arctic 加拿大北极西部沿海海洋生物多样性

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0022

M. Bilous, D. McNicholl, K. Dunmall

引用次数: 2

Monitoring microplastics in the atmosphere and cryosphere in the circumpolar North: A case for multi-compartment monitoring 监测北极圈北极大气和冰冻圈中的微塑料:一个多区监测的案例

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0054

Bonnie M. Hamilton, L. Jantunen, M. Bergmann, K. Vorkamp, J. Aherne, K. Magnusson, D. Herzke, M. Granberg, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, A. Gomiero, I. Peeken

{"title":"Monitoring microplastics in the atmosphere and cryosphere in the circumpolar North: A case for multi-compartment monitoring","authors":"Bonnie M. Hamilton, L. Jantunen, M. Bergmann, K. Vorkamp, J. Aherne, K. Magnusson, D. Herzke, M. Granberg, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, A. Gomiero, I. Peeken","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0054","url":null,"abstract":"The atmosphere and cryosphere have recently garnered considerable attention due to their role in transporting microplastics to and within the Arctic, and between freshwater, marine, and terrestrial environments. While investigating either in isolation provides valuable insight on the fate of microplastics in the Arctic, monitoring both provides a more holistic view. Nonetheless, despite the recent scientific interest, fundamental knowledge on microplastic abundance, and consistent monitoring efforts, are lacking for these compartments. Here, we build upon the work of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme’s Monitoring Guidelines for Litter and Microplastic to provide a roadmap for multi-compartment monitoring of the atmosphere and cryosphere to support our understanding of the sources, pathways, and sinks of plastic pollution across the Arctic. Overall, we recommend the use of existing standard techniques for ice and atmospheric sampling and to build upon existing monitoring efforts in the Arctic to obtain a more comprehensive pan-Arctic view of microplastic pollution in these two compartments.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41352182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Use of drones for the creation and development of a photographic identification catalogue for an endangered whale population 使用无人机创建和开发濒危鲸鱼种群的照片识别目录

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0047

K. P. Ryan, S. Ferguson, W. Koski, B. Young, J. Roth, C. Watt

{"title":"Use of drones for the creation and development of a photographic identification catalogue for an endangered whale population","authors":"K. P. Ryan, S. Ferguson, W. Koski, B. Young, J. Roth, C. Watt","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Photographic identification is increasingly being used as a cost-effective and minimally invasive method to monitor species, which is of particular importance for endangered populations that are vulnerable to intrusive research methods. The purpose of our study was to collect photographs of an endangered population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut, Canada, for use in photographic identification. Rather than pursuing the whales with boats to collect photographs, drones were used to minimize disturbance. We analyzed drone photographs from 2017-2019 for distinctive markings on the whales, which were used to develop a photographic identification catalogue. In total, 93 individuals were identified, with 24 resightings of marked individuals over the survey period. Approximately 43.4% (SE 3.3%) of the adult beluga population was uniquely marked. The beluga population has been harvested at a rate of 41 whales per year, not including struck and lost, since 2002. The markings were from unknown origins (61%), scars/wounds from gunshots (27%), anthropogenic or predatory given the size and severity (11%), or a satellite tag (1%). The continuation of the photographic identification program will allow for estimation of important population demographics, such as abundance and calving interval, which are important parameters for population conservation and management.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An ecosystem-scale litter and microplastic monitoring plan under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) 北极监测与评估计划(AMAP)下的生态系统尺度凋落物和微塑料监测计划

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0059

J. Provencher, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, K. Vorkamp, A. Gomiero, I. Peeken, M. Granberg, S. Hammer, J. Baak, J. R. Larsen, E. Farmen

{"title":"An ecosystem-scale litter and microplastic monitoring plan under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)","authors":"J. Provencher, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, K. Vorkamp, A. Gomiero, I. Peeken, M. Granberg, S. Hammer, J. Baak, J. R. Larsen, E. Farmen","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of knowledge on levels and trends of litter and microplastic in the Arctic, is limiting our understanding of the sources, transport, fate and effects is hampering global activities aimed at reducing litter and microplastic in the environment. To obtain a holistic view to managing litter and microplastics in the Arctic, we considered the current state of knowledge and methods for litter and microplastics monitoring in eleven environmental compartments representing the marine, freshwater, terrestrial and atmospheric environments. Based on available harmonized methods, and existing data in the Arctic, we recommend prioritization of implementing litter and microplastics monitoring in the Arctic in four Priority 1 compartments - water, aquatic sediments, shorelines and seabirds. One or several of these compartments should be monitored to provide benchmark data for litter and microplastics in the Arctic and, in the future, data on spatial and temporal trends. For the other environmental compartments, methods should be refined for future sources and surveillance monitoring, as well as monitoring of effects. Implementation of the monitoring activities should include community-based local components where possible. While organized as national and regional programs, monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic should be coordinated, with a view to future pan-Arctic assessments.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42446776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

CLIMATIC DRIVERS OF LIMNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN IQALLUKVIK LAKE, TUKTOYAKTUK, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA 加拿大西北地区图克托亚图克伊卡鲁克维克湖湖泊变化的气候驱动因素

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0035

Sorin-Alexandru Gruia, Joshua R. Thienpont, K. Coleman, J. Korosi

{"title":"CLIMATIC DRIVERS OF LIMNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN IQALLUKVIK LAKE, TUKTOYAKTUK, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, CANADA","authors":"Sorin-Alexandru Gruia, Joshua R. Thienpont, K. Coleman, J. Korosi","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0035","url":null,"abstract":"The Tuktoyaktuk coastlands contain thousands of lakes along an area of the Beaufort Sea in the rapidly changing western Arctic. These lakes may be susceptible to a range of impacts associated with climate warming, including potential increased marine influence changes associated with reduced lake ice cover and thawing permafrost. We examined a 210Pb-dated sediment core from Iqallukvik Lake to reconstruct ecosystem change over the last several hundred years using sediment particle size analysis and diatom subfossils. Changes in sediment texture over the past ~200 years were broadly aligned with inferred changes in regional precipitation, known to be an important driver of regional lake level in the Tuktoyaktuk coastlands. Diatoms were functionally absent at the bottom of the sediment core, but increased after ~1850, likely in response to early warming, with further floristic changes due to accelerated warming over the last century. Diatoms throughout the core are predominantly freshwater species tolerant of broad salinity concentrations, indicating Iqallukvik Lake is likely subject to minimal direct marine influence and has not been impacted by notable inundation over the recent past. Overall, this research suggests that climate impacts to Iqallukvik Lake mainly the length of the ice-free season.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46010957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ISOTOPIC AND TRAITS-BASED TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF CANADIAN BEAUFORT SEA BENTHIC COMMUNITIES IN RELATION TO FOOD SUPPLY 与食物供应有关的加拿大波弗特海底栖生物群落的同位素和特征营养多样性

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0040

Ashley D. Ehrman, H. Swanson, S. MacPhee, A. Majewski, P. Archambault, J. Eert, J. Reist, M. Power

{"title":"ISOTOPIC AND TRAITS-BASED TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF CANADIAN BEAUFORT SEA BENTHIC COMMUNITIES IN RELATION TO FOOD SUPPLY","authors":"Ashley D. Ehrman, H. Swanson, S. MacPhee, A. Majewski, P. Archambault, J. Eert, J. Reist, M. Power","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0040","url":null,"abstract":"In the Arctic, climate-driven alterations to the quality and quantity of organic matter reaching the seafloor will likely affect benthic food web function. We used biomass-weighted diversity measures based on trophic traits, stable isotope ratios (δ15N and δ13C), and taxonomy to assess linkages between benthic food web structure and indicators of food supply in the shelf and slope ecosystems of the Canadian Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf (down to 500 m). Benthic communities across both regions used a similar diversity of sedimentary organic matter sources according to stable isotopes, despite known differences between regions in organic matter input and benthic-pelagic coupling. Shelf-edge and upper-slope communities exhibited relatively high trophic trait diversity, which likely reflected exploitation of pulsed food inputs associated with dynamic processes at the shelf break that affect the production and advection of organic matter to the benthos. Pairwise relationships between trophic traits and sedimentary proxies of benthic food supply were not significant at the regional scale. However, cluster analyses supported the notion that trophic trait composition was influenced by proximity to the shelf edge, where food supply is influenced by episodic events that may not be reflected by in situ sedimentary proxies. Our findings add to growing evidence that trophic trait composition may provide more information regarding functional responses to changes in benthic food supply than either isotopic or taxonomic diversity indices alone.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0