Arctic Science最新文献_第8页

Monitoring of microplastic pollution in the Arctic: Recent developments in polymer identification, quality assurance and control (QA/QC), and data reporting 北极微塑料污染监测：聚合物鉴定、质量保证和控制（QA/QC）以及数据报告方面的最新进展

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0006

S. Primpke, A. Booth, G. Gerdts, A. Gomiero, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, J. Strand, B. Scholz-Böttcher, F. Galgani, J. Provencher, S. Aliani, S. Patankar, K. Vorkamp

{"title":"Monitoring of microplastic pollution in the Arctic: Recent developments in polymer identification, quality assurance and control (QA/QC), and data reporting","authors":"S. Primpke, A. Booth, G. Gerdts, A. Gomiero, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, J. Strand, B. Scholz-Böttcher, F. Galgani, J. Provencher, S. Aliani, S. Patankar, K. Vorkamp","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The pollution of the environment with plastics is of growing concern worldwide, including the Arctic region. While larger plastic pieces are a visible pollution issue, smaller microplastics are not visible with the naked eye. These particles are available for interaction by Arctic biota and have become a concern for animal and human health. The determination of microplastic properties includes several methodological steps, i.e. sampling, extraction, quantification and chemical identification. This review discusses suitable analytical tools for the identification, quantification and characterization of microplastics in the context of monitoring in the Arctic. It further addresses quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) which is particularly important for the determination of microplastic in the Arctic, as both contamination and analyte losses can occur. It presents specific QA/QC measures for sampling procedures and for the handling of samples in the laboratory, either on land or on ship, and considering the small size of microplastics as well as the high risk of contamination. The review depicts which data should be mandatory to report, thereby supporting a framework for harmonized data reporting.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41852658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Microplastics in arctic invertebrates- Status on occurrence and recommendations for future monitoring 北极无脊椎动物中的微塑料。发生状况和对未来监测的建议

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0004

B. E. Grøsvik, M. Granberg, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, A. Gomiero, H. Halldórsson, A. K. Madsen, J. Baak, Hermann Dreki Guls, K. Magnusson

{"title":"Microplastics in arctic invertebrates- Status on occurrence and recommendations for future monitoring","authors":"B. E. Grøsvik, M. Granberg, T. Kögel, A. Lusher, A. Gomiero, H. Halldórsson, A. K. Madsen, J. Baak, Hermann Dreki Guls, K. Magnusson","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have been published on occurrence and distribution on microplastics (MPs) in invertebrates from the Arctic. We still need to develop harmonised methods to enable good comparison between studies taking into account recovery rates, size ranges, shapes and polymer types. Here, we review studies on MPs in invertebrates from the Arctic and present suggestions on sampling protocols and potential indicator species. Since information on MPs in Arctic invertebrates is vastly lacking, we recommend to at least include suspension feeding bivalves like mussels in monitoring programmes to function as indicator species in the Arctic. Mussels have also been suggested as indicator species for MP monitoring in coastal regions further south. Although we recognise the challenge with particle selection and egestion in mussels as well as the relatively low concentrations of MPs in Arctic waters, uptake levels seem to represent recent exposures. More research is needed to understand these selection processes and how they affect the bioaccumulation processes. Future research should include studies on whether different functional groups of invertebrates have different exposures to MPs, e.g., if there are differences between sessile versus motile species or different feeding strategies. More knowledge on monitoring strategies for pelagic and benthic species is needed.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Algal responses to metal(loid) pollution, urbanization, and climatic changes in sub-Arctic lakes around Yellowknife, Canada 加拿大耶洛奈夫附近亚北极湖泊中藻类对金属污染、城市化和气候变化的响应

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0052

B. Sivarajah, J. Korosi, Joshua R. Thienpont, L. Kimpe, J. Blais, J. Smol

{"title":"Algal responses to metal(loid) pollution, urbanization, and climatic changes in sub-Arctic lakes around Yellowknife, Canada","authors":"B. Sivarajah, J. Korosi, Joshua R. Thienpont, L. Kimpe, J. Blais, J. Smol","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0052","url":null,"abstract":"The lakes around Yellowknife (Northwest Territories, Canada) have been impacted by multiple environmental stressors throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries. Here, we have synthesized diatom assemblage data from ten lake sediment cores from the Yellowknife area and used a landscape-scale paleolimnological approach to investigate the cumulative impacts of past gold mining activities, urbanization, and climate warming on aquatic biota. Our investigations indicated that diatom species turnover (measured using detrended canonical correspondence analysis) was highest at lakes closer to the city and mines, as these sites were more severely impacted by land-use changes (e.g. sewage disposal, run-off from waste disposal sites) and roaster stack emission from the gold mines. Diatom assemblage shifts indicative of climate-induced changes to lake thermal properties were also observed across the gradient of human activities. The inclusion of remote sites was useful to disentangle the effects of climate-mediated changes from impacts related to mining and urbanization. This investigation suggests that the diatom assemblages of the lakes around Yellowknife have changed markedly over the last ~80 years and there are no signs of biological recovery since the cessation of mining activities around the turn of the 21st century. The biota of the sub-Arctic lakes around Yellowknife are now strongly influenced by climate-mediated changes to lake thermal properties and the urban lakes are also influenced by the legacies of past land-use changes.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The power of multi-matrix monitoring in the Pan-Arctic region: plastics in water and sediment 泛北极地区多基质监测的力量:水和沉积物中的塑料

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0056

Jake Martin, M. Granberg, J. Provencher, M. Liboiron, L. Pijogge, K. Magnusson, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, M. Bergmann, S. Aliani, A. Gomiero, B. E. Grøsvik, J. Vermaire, S. Primpke, A. Lusher

{"title":"The power of multi-matrix monitoring in the Pan-Arctic region: plastics in water and sediment","authors":"Jake Martin, M. Granberg, J. Provencher, M. Liboiron, L. Pijogge, K. Magnusson, Ingeborg G. Hallanger, M. Bergmann, S. Aliani, A. Gomiero, B. E. Grøsvik, J. Vermaire, S. Primpke, A. Lusher","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Litter and microplastic assessments are being carried out worldwide. Arctic ecosystems are no exception and plastic pollution is high on the Arctic Council’s agenda. Water and sediment have been identified as two of the priority compartments for monitoring plastics under the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Recommendations for monitoring both compartments are presented in this publication. Alone, such samples can provide information on presence, fate, and potential impacts to ecosystems. Together, the quantification of microplastics in sediment and water from the same region produce a three-dimensional picture of plastics, not only a snapshot of floating or buoyant plastics in the surface water or water column but also a picture of the plastics reaching the shoreline or benthic sediments, in lakes, rivers, and the ocean. Assessment methodologies must be adapted to the ecosystems of interest to generate reliable data. In its current form, published data on plastic pollution in the Arctic is sporadic and collected using a wide spectrum of methods which limits the extent to which data can be compared. A harmonised and coordinated effort is needed to gather data on plastic pollution for the Pan-Arctic. Such information will aid in identifying priority regions and focusing mitigation efforts.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46767935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Surface Temperature Inversion Characteristics in Dissimilar Valleys, Yukon Canada 加拿大育空地区不同山谷地表温度反演特征

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0048

Nicholas C. Noad, P. Bonnaventure

引用次数: 1

Anomalous surface elevation, velocity and area changes of Split Lake Glacier, western Prince of Wales Icefield, Canadian High Arctic 加拿大北极高地威尔士亲王冰原西部斯普利特湖冰川的异常表面高程、速度和面积变化

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0039

W. Van Wychen, D. Hallé, L. Copland, L. Gray

{"title":"Anomalous surface elevation, velocity and area changes of Split Lake Glacier, western Prince of Wales Icefield, Canadian High Arctic","authors":"W. Van Wychen, D. Hallé, L. Copland, L. Gray","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Here we use a variety of remote sensing datasets to characterize the evolving extent, surface features, dynamics and surface elevations of Split Lake Glacier, a small outlet of the Prince of Wales Icefield, Nunavut. The glacier started advancing between 1959 and 1975, with a continued increase in terminus area up to present day, coincident with significant upper elevation thinning and lower elevation thickening that cannot be accounted for by surface mass balance. The highest velocities reach >600 m yr-1, with the region of fastest ice motion focused around an icefall that occurs in a bedrock constriction. Distinctive ogives are present in a 1975 air photo of the glacier for the first time, which suggests that rapid motion started by 1970. These patterns are anomalous when compared with the geometry, velocity and area changes of all other nearby areas of western Prince of Wales Icefield and suggest that Split Lake Glacier may be a slowly surging glacier. The surge duration of 50+ years is longer than any other previously described surge within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. These results give further information concerning the wide variety of dynamic and geometrical changes of glaciers across this region.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48607001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Environmental drivers of beluga whales distribution in a changing climate: A case study of summering aggregations in the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area 气候变化下白鲸分布的环境驱动因素:以麦肯齐河口和Tarium niryutai海洋保护区夏季聚集为例

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-02 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0003

Aurélie Noel, E. Devred, J. Iacozza, M. Marcoux, C. Hornby, L. Loseto

{"title":"Environmental drivers of beluga whales distribution in a changing climate: A case study of summering aggregations in the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area","authors":"Aurélie Noel, E. Devred, J. Iacozza, M. Marcoux, C. Hornby, L. Loseto","doi":"10.1139/as-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"During summer, the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whale population aggregates in the waters of the Mackenzie Estuary and Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area (TN MPA). Guided by local communities’ priorities, this study aimed to better understand beluga summer habitat selection and to examine whether shifts in beluga distribution are expected under a changing climate. We used a resource selection function (RSF) based on aerial survey data and satellite remote sensing images to estimate the likelihood of beluga presence as a function of environmental conditions. The RSF revealed belugas selected warm and turbid waters, with suspended particulate matter concentrations and sea surface temperatures ranging above average estuarine values. These specific conditions support hypotheses on the ecological roles of estuaries for belugas such as providing a thermal advantage for their calves or for belugas epidermal moulting. Using a diachronic analysis, we found a distribution shift towards coastal and inshore waters, areas already experiencing effects of climate change. Thus, the current distribution may reflect beluga responses to a changing climate, selecting warmer and more turbid areas. Our finding provides insight into current and evolving beluga habitat and habitat selection under a changing climate, that may help inform beluga management in the TN MPA.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64456246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Beaufort Sea Shelf Structure and Function in Support of the Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area Beaufort海架结构和功能对Tarium Niryutait海洋保护区的支持评估

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1139/as-2020-0040

Kristen J. Sora, C. Wabnitz, Nadja Steiner, U. Sumaila, W. Cheung, A. Niemi, L. Loseto, Carie Hoover

{"title":"Evaluation of the Beaufort Sea Shelf Structure and Function in Support of the Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area","authors":"Kristen J. Sora, C. Wabnitz, Nadja Steiner, U. Sumaila, W. Cheung, A. Niemi, L. Loseto, Carie Hoover","doi":"10.1139/as-2020-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Arctic ecosystems are at risk to climate impacts, challenging existing conservation measures such as protected areas. This study aims to describe the ecological dynamics of the Canadian Beaufort Sea Shelf (BSS) ecosystem and the Tarium Niryutait Marine Protected Area (TNMPA) under historical changes in sea surface temperature and sea ice extent. Using Ecopath with Ecosim, we compared the status of the BSS between two time periods, 1970-1974 and 2008-2012, and against four ecosystem models (Eastern Chukchi Sea, Barents Sea, Eastern Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska) to inform the relative long-term health and status of Arctic marine ecosystems. We find that relative to the comparable ecosystems, the BSS had a greater proportion of biomass from pelagic primary and secondary producers, and limited production from higher trophic levels. Estimates of trophic structure indices for the BSS indicate temporal ecosystem stability, and no loss in diversity. While beluga whales are a focus of the TNMPA management plan, they are not considered a key component of the modeled food web. Rather, Arctic and polar cods (main beluga prey group), arthropods, large copepods, micro-zooplankton, and herring and smelt, were identified as keystone species and warrant attention as proxies for both beluga whales and ecosystem health.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48969032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Correction: Nunami iliharniq (Learning from the land): Reflecting on relational accountability in land-based learning and cross-cultural research in Uqšuqtuuq (Gjoa Haven, Nunavut) 更正：Nunami iliharniq（从土地上学习）：反思Uqšuktouq（努纳武特Gjoa Haven）陆地学习和跨文化研究中的关系问责制

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1139/as-2022-0026

G. Ljubicic, R. Mearns, Simon Okpakok, Sean Robertson

引用次数: 1

Bryophyte species differ widely in their growth and N2-fixation responses to temperature. 苔藓植物的生长和固氮对温度的响应差异很大。

IF 3.3 3区地球科学

Arctic Science Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1139/as-2021-0053

A. M. Rzepczynska, A. Michelsen, Maya Anne Nissen Olsen, Signe Lett

{"title":"Bryophyte species differ widely in their growth and N2-fixation responses to temperature.","authors":"A. M. Rzepczynska, A. Michelsen, Maya Anne Nissen Olsen, Signe Lett","doi":"10.1139/as-2021-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2021-0053","url":null,"abstract":"Bryophytes are abundant in tundra ecosystems, where they affect carbon and nitrogen cycling through primary production and associations with N2-fixing bacteria. Bryophyte responses to climate warming are inconclusive, likely because species-specific responses are poorly understood. Here we investigated how warming affects growth and nitrogenase activity of ten tundra bryophyte species in two tundra landscapes. Collected bryophyte samples were grown in temperature-controlled growth chambers for 12 weeks at five temperatures from 3 to 18 °C. We measured growth, N concentration, δ15N and δ13C after 3 months and nitrogenase activity after 5 and 12 weeks. Bryophyte growth and associated nitrogenase activity generally increased with temperature, but species differed in their optima. Bryophyte N concentration and δ15N indicated that, for some species, increased N2-fixation could not compensate for growth-induced N limitation. High landscape coverage and large positive warming effects on feather mosses and Sphagnum species highlight their competitive advantages, confirm earlier field observations, and contribute with mechanistic understanding of differential bryophyte growth in response to warming. We suggest that indirect effects of climate change, such as surface drying and shrub expansion, are likely main threats to slow-growing bryophytes across the Arctic, with consequences for biodiversity and C balance.","PeriodicalId":48575,"journal":{"name":"Arctic Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46237158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3